• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2009

This paper shows the behaviors of macro- and micro-structures and mechanical properties for specimen's welding region welded by FSW. according to welding conditions with 5mm thickness aluminum 5083O alloy plate. It apparently results in defect-free weld zone in case traverse speed was changed to 32 mm/min under conditions of anti-clockwise direction and tool rotation speed such as 800 and 1250 rpm with tool's pin diameter of 5 ${\Phi}mm$ and shoulder diameter of 20 ${\Phi}mm$, pin length of 4.5 mm and tilting angle of $2^{\circ}$. The ultimate stress of ${\sigma}_T=331$ MPa and the yield point of 147 MPa are obtained at the condition of the travel speed of 32 mm/min with the tool rotation speed of 1250 rpm. There is neither voids nor cracks on bended surface of $180^{\circ}$ after bending test. The improvement of toughness after impact test was found. The lower rotating and traverse speed became, the higher were yield point, maximum stress and elongation(%) with the stresses and the elongation(%) versus the traverse speed diagram. Vickers hardness for cross section of welding zone were also presented. The typical macro-structures such as dynamically recrystallized zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone and the micro-structures of the transverse cross-section were also showed. However, the author found out that the region of 6mm far away from shoulder circumference was affected by friction heat comprehensively, that is, hardness softened and that part of micro-structures were re-solid-solution or recrystallized, the author also knew that there is no mechanically deformation on heat affected zone but there are the flow of plastic deformation of $45^{\circ}$ direction on thermo-mechanically affected zone and the segregation of Al-Mg on nugget. The solid solution wt(%) of parent material as compared against of friction stir welded zone was comprehensively changed.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.07a
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• pp.57-86
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• 1995

Molecular mapping of plant genomes has progressed rapidly since Bostein et al.(1980) introduced the idea of constructing linkage maps of human genome based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. In recent years, the development of protein and DNA markers has stimulated interest for the new approaches to plant improvement. While classical maps based on morphological mutant markers have provided important insights into the plant genetics and cytology, the molecular maps based on molecular markers have a number of inherent advatages over classical genetic maps for the applications in genetic studies and/or breeding schemes. Isozymes and DNA markers are numerous, discrete, non-deleterious, codominant, and almost entirely free of environmental and epistatic interactions. For these reasons, they are widely used in constructing detailed linkage maps in a number of plant species. Plant breeders improve crops by selecting plants with desirable phenotypes. However a plant's phenotyes is often under genetic control, positioning at different "quantitative trait loci" (QTLs) together with environmental effects. Molecular maps provide a possible way to determine the effect of the individual gene that combines to produce a quantitative trait because the segregation of a large number of markers can be followed in a single genetic cross. Using market-assisted selection, plants that contain several favorable genes for the trait and do not contain unfavourable segments can be obtained during early breeding processes. Providing molecular maps are available, valuable data relevant to the taxonomic relationships and chromosome evolution can be accumulated by comparative mapping and also the structural relationships between linkage map and physical map can be identified by cDNA sequencing. After constructing high density maps, it will be possible to clone genes, whose products are unknown, such as semidwarf and disease resistance genes. However, much attention has to be paid to level-up the basic knowledge of genetics, physiology, biochemistry, plant pathology, entomology, microbiology, and so on. It must also be kept in mind that scientists in various fields will have to make another take off by intensive cooperation together for early integration and utilization of these newly emerging high-techs in practical breeding. breeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the physicochemical properties of a giant embryo rice 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' derived from the cross between 'P47', a mutant of 'Hwayoung' induced by T-DNA insertion, and 'Junam'. The grain appearance and chemical components of the embryo were analyzed and compared with a donor cultivar, 'Hwayoung'. The proportion of embryo weight to grain weight of 'P47 JB-4-B-5-B' was 2.2 times heavier (6.7%) than that (3.1%) of 'Hwayoung'. Total free amino acid content (75.81 mg/100 g) of 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' was 2.1 times higher than that of 'Hwayoung'. The GABA content in brown rice was 14.06 mg/100 g in 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' and 6.8 mg/100 g in 'Hwayoung'. Especially, the GABA content in brown rice of 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' remarkably increased (about 33 times from 1.48 mg to 44.81 mg/100 g) 2 days after germination. Continuous frequency distributions and transgressive segregation in embryo length and width were observed in the $F_2$ population of the cross between 'P47' and 'Cheongcheong', indicating that the giant embryo was controlled by quantitative trait loci. However, embryo length and width demonstrated high broad sense heritability, implying that giant embryonic traits could be selected in earlier generations in comparison with other quantitative traits.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

Purpose: The association between metabolism and cancer has been recently emphasized. This study aimed to find the prognostic significance of obesity in advanced stage rectal cancer patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 111 patients who were treated with combined surgery and RT for clinical stage 2-3 (T3 or N+) rectal cancer between 2008 and 2014. The prognostic significance of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) in local control was evaluated. Results: The median follow-up was 31.2 months (range, 4.1 to 85.7 months). Twenty-five patients (22.5%) were classified as obese. Treatment failure occurred in 33 patients (29.7%), including local failures in 13 patients (11.7%), regional lymph node failures in 5, and distant metastases in 24. The 3-year local control, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival rates were 88.7%, 73.6%, and 87.7%, respectively. Obesity (n = 25) significantly reduced the local control rate (p = 0.045; 3-year local control, 76.2%), especially in women (n = 37, p = 0.021). Segregation of local control was best achieved by BMI of $25.6kg/m^2$ as a cutoff value. Conclusion: Obese rectal cancer patients showed poor local control after combined surgery and RT. More effective local treatment strategies for obese patients are warranted.

• Metals and materials international
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1394-1402
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• 2018

This study investigates the mechanism of MnS precipitation on $Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ inclusions during the solidification of non-oriented silicon steel, especially the influence of the phase structures and sizes of the oxides on the MnS precipitation, by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry. The investigation results show that MnS tends to nucleate on submicron-sized $Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ inclusions formed by interdendritic segregation and that it covers the oxides completely. In addition, MnS can precipitate on micron-sized oxides and its precipitation behavior is governed by the phase structure of the oxides. The MnS embryo formed in a MnO-containing oxide can act as a substrate for MnS precipitation, thus permitting further growth via diffusion of solute atoms from the matrix. MnS also precipitates in a MnO-free oxide by the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. Furthermore, MnS is less prone to precipitation in the $Al_2O_3$-rich regions of the $Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ inclusions; this can be explained by the high lattice disregistry between MnS and $Al_2O_3$.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.233-285
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• 2004

‘Defined legally as a violation of law' (Sutherland, E. H. Principles of Criminology, Lippincott, Chicago, 1939) Crime within the group is essentially and primarily antisocial in that the criminal who is welfare of his group acts instead against it and breaks the principles of social solidarity not merely by not doing what these principles prescribe, but by doing something exactly opposites. Any program set up to attack crime and delinquent behavior at their sources. A program of his nature needs the constant and comprehensive collaboration of psychiatrists, social works, educations, lawmakers, and public officials, since crime is a social problem and it should be treated as such. Some crime preventives which should be mentioned are as follows, (1) The insurance that every child will be decently born and that his home life be socially and economically adequate; without socially mature parents the chid is handicapped at the start; thus parental education, integrated with the public school system, should be developed now. (2) A more meaningful educational program which would emphasize ideals of citizenship, moral integrity, and respect for the law and the police. (3) A periodic check made for potential delinquents throughout the public schools and treatment provided if possible; and if not, proper segregation in institutions. (4) Careful attention paid to press, movies, and radio so that crime may no longer appear to be glamorous. This can be done by women's clubs, civic bodies, and other educational groups exerting pressure on the movie syndicates and broadcasting companies to free their productions of the tawdry and lurid characteristics of crime and criminals. Aggression associated with the phallic stage of development, The child ordinarily comprehends sexual intercourse as an aggressive and sadistic act on the part of the male, and specifically on the part of the penis. Evidence that the penis is phantasied as a weapon of violence and destruction come from unconscious productions of normal adults. Limerick, for instance, often refer to the penis as square, or too large, etc., so that intercourse is dangerous and painful for the partner, This may wall be a projection of the male's own fear of coitus. A certain portion of the death-instinct always remains within the person; it is called 'primal sadism' and according to Freud is identical with masochism. 'After the chief part of it(the death instinct) has been directed outwards towards objects, there remains as a residuum within the organism the true erotogenic masochism, which on the one hand becomes a component of the libido and on the other still has the subject itself for a object.' Criminalism, compulsive-neurotic frequent repetition of criminal acts in a compulsive manner. Like most symptoms of the compulsive-neurotic, such antisocial act are closely rated to feelings of hostility and aggression, often against the father. Because these acts are symptomatic, they afford only temporary relief and are therefore repeated. One patient with compulsive-neurotic criminalism was apprehended after breaking into hardware store and stealing money. He later confessed to many similar incidents over the preceding two years. At the same time it was apparent that he stole only for the sake of stealing. He did not need the money he thus obtained and had no special plans for using it.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1994

Acifluorfen-tolerant cell lines of S, ptycanthum were isolated by stepwise selection using suspension culture. Growth of unselected line was completely inhibited at $0.5\;\mu\textrm{M}$, while some selected lines grew at $8\;\mu\textrm{M}$ acifluorfen. After subculturing on acifluorfen-free medium for 4 passages, six of the eleven cell lines screened and maintained their tolerance to $2\;\mu\textrm{M}$ acifluorfen. The regeneration capacity of selected cell lines in Solanum ptycanthum differed depending on the tell line. The acifluorfen tolerance of the somarclones regenerated from acifluorfen-tolerant cell lines differed depending on the somarclone. When plants were heated with $16\;\mu\textrm{M}$ acifluorfen, unselected control plane had over 75% phytotoxicity Many selected cell lines had less phytotoxicity than the seed-grown control plants. Tolerance to acifluorfen was inherited to the self-pollinated progenies. The inheritance patterns differed depending on the clone. Acifluorfen tolerance was inherited as a semidominant trait. Other segregation patterns were also observed. acifluorfen tolerance was recessive and acifluorfen sensitivity was dominant.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2021

Converter steel slag(BOF slag) is a vast amount of solid waste generated in the steelmaking process which has very low utilization rate in Korea. Due to the presence of free CaO which can derive bad volume stability in BOF slag, it usually land filled. For recycling BOF and identify its applicability as fine aggregate, this study investigates the fundamental characteristics of mortar with cement replaced ferronickel slag(FNS), which has the potential to be used as a binder. The results suggest that the mineral phases of BOF slag mainly include larnite(CaSiO₄), mayenite(Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃) and wuestite(FeO) while olivine crystallines are shown in FNS. The results of flow and setting time reveals that the flowability and process of hardening increased when the amount of FNS and BOF slag incorporated was increased. The length change shows that the amount of change in the length of the mortar was almost constant regardless of mix proportion while compressive strength was reduced. Micro structure test results revealed that FNS or/and BOF slag mix took a long time to react in the cement matrix to form a complete hydration products. To achieve the efficient utilization of B OF slag as construction materials, proper replacement rate is necessary.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2003

Surface finishes of PCB laminates are important in the solder joint reliability of flip chip package because the types and thicknesses of intermetallic compound(IMC), and compositions and hardness of solders are affected by them. In this study, effects of surface finishes of PCB on the low cycle fatigue resistance of Sn-based lead-free solders; Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.5Ag-XCu(X=0.75, 1.5), Sn-3.5Ag-XBi(X=2.5, 7.5) and Sn-0.7Cu were investigated for the Cu and Au/Ni surface finish treatments. Displacement controlled room temperature lap shear fatigue tests showed that fatigue resistance of Sn-3.5Ag-XCu(X=0.75, 1.5), Sn-3.5Ag and Sn-0.7Cu alloys were more or less the same each other but much better than that of Bi containing alloys regardless of the surface finish layer used. In general, solder joints on the Au/Ni finish showed better fatigue resistance than those on the Cu finish. Cross-sectional fractography revealed microcracks nucleation inside of the interfacial IMC near the solder mask edge, more frequently on the Cu than the Au/Ni surface finish. Macro cracks followed the solder/IMC interface in the Bi containing alloys, while they propagated in the solder matrix in other alloys. It was ascribed to the Bi segregation at the solder/IMC interface and the solid solution hardening effect of Bi in the $\beta-Sn$ matrix.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1733-1738
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• 2008

SLC6A18, one of the neurotransmitters, was reported the possible relationship to hypertension, and it contained eight blocks of minisatellites. In this study, SLC6A18-MS5 sequence which showed the highest heterozygosity among seven minisatellites was analyzed using the Transfac software, the putative binding sites for the transcription factor Pax4 and HNF4 were discovered as a result. The HNF4 is involved in the diabetes pathway and suggested the relationship to hypertension. Thus, we investigated the putative functional significance of allelic variation in this minisatellites with respect to susceptibility for hypertension. To address this possibility, we analyzed genomic DNA from the blood of 301 hypertension-free controls and 184 cases with hypertension. A statistically significant association was not identified between the allelic distribution of SLC6A18-MS5 and occurrence of hypertension. We then examined the meiotic segregation of SLC6A18-MS5 and it was transmitted following Mendelian inheritance. Therefore, this locus could be useful markers for paternity mapping and DNA fingerprinting. Moreover, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the genomic sequence to address the evolutionary events of these variable repeats. SLC6A18 minisatellites regions are only conserved in human and primates. This result suggestedthat intronic minisatellites analysis is powerful evolution marker for the non-coding regions in primates and can provide a great insight to the molecular evolution of repeated region in primates.