• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2013

Congenital segmental dilatation of the colon is a very rare entity of unknown etiology, characterized by a localized dilatation of a bowel segment of the colon of variable length and an abrupt transition between the normal and dilated intestine. It can affect any part of the colon, with the rectosigmoid colon being the most commonly affected site. The clinical and radiological features may resemble that of Hirschsprung disease, but differ in that the normal ganglion cells are found in the dilated and normal segment of the colon. We performed laparoscopic-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through for segmental dilatation of rectosigmoid colon in an 8-year-old boy with chronic constipation since the age of 5 months.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.84-88
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• 1999

The accurate estimation of segmental duration is crucial for natural-sounding text-to-speech synthesis. For predicting Korean segmental durations, conventional methods utilized phonemic context, part-of-speech context and locational information in prosodic phrase. In this paper, the tonal information of phonemes is employed for more accurate prediction. After defining two non-boundary tones and six boundary tones, we annotated the tonal label on each syllable of 400 sentences. To predict segmental duration using tonal information, we constructed neural networks with a real-valued output node predicting phonemic duration and trained them by backpropagation algorithm. Experimental results showed that the proposed features are effective for predicting Korean segmental durations, and we got 0.863 correlation coefficient of the observed durations and predicted ones.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2023

The design of segmental bridges, a structure that typically employs precast prestressed concrete elements and the balanced cantilever construction method for the deck, may demand a highly complex structural analysis for increased precision of the results. This work presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of a 3D finite element model using the software ANSYS, version 21.2, to simulate the constructive deck stages of the New Guaiba Bridge, a structure located in Porto Alegre city, southern Brazil. The materials concrete and steel were considered viscoelastic. The concrete used a Generalized Kelvin model, with subroutines written in FORTRAN and added to the main model through the customization tool UPF (User Programmable Features). The steel prestressing tendons used a Generalized Maxwell model available in ANSYS. The balanced cantilever constructive steps of a span of the New Guaiba Bridge were then numerically simulated to follow the actual constructive sequence of the bridge. A comparison between the results obtained with the numerical model and the actual vertical displacement data monitored during the bridge's construction was carried out, showing a good correlation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.371-373
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 분절 특징을 모수적 궤적 모델을 이용하여 표현하고, 이 특징을 분절 HMM(segmental HMM)의 입력으로 하는 음성 신호의 모델링 방식을 제안한다. 분절 특징은 음성의 경향을 나타내는 궤적으로 표현되고, 그 궤적은 연속되는 프레임 상에서 전이 정보를 포함하도록 디자인 행렬과 다항식의 회귀 함수를 이용하여 구해진다. 이 궤적을 분절 HMM에 적용하기 위하여, 외적 분절 변이와 내적 분절 변이에 대한 확률 분포 표현을 개선하였다. 제안된 방법의 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 TIMIT 데이터 베이스를 이용하여 실험한 결과, 제안된 분절 특징은 음성 신호의 인접한 프레임간의 상관관계를 표현하는 동적 특징과 같은 효과를 보였으며, 1차 미분계수를 포함하여 분절 특징을 구한 경우에는 기존의 특징 표현보다 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.234-239
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine the viability of simulating one dialect with the speech segments of another dialect through prosody cloning. The hypothesis is that, among Korean regional dialects, it is not the segmental differences but the prosodic differences that play a major role in authentic dialect perception. This work intends to support the hypothesis by simulating Masan dialect with the speech segments from Seoul dialect. The dialect simulation was performed by transplanting the prosodic features of Masan utterances unto the same utterances produced by a Seoul speaker. Thus, the simulated Masan utterances were composed of Seoul speech segments but their prosody came from the original Masan utterances. The prosodic features involved were the fundamental frequency contour, the segmental durations, and the intensity contour. The simulated Masan utterances were evaluated by four native Masan speakers and the role of prosody in dialect authentication and speech synthesis was discussed.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

This study identifies distinguishing features and variability of intonation patterns in Korean phonological phrases. Syllable count and segmental content, which are phonological conditions, of the intonation of phonological phrases were examined. Based on the four syllables, the intonation of a phonological phrase can be set to LHLH as the basic form, and syllable count acts as a condition for making a variation. The "3 syllables or less condition" changes the intonation from a curved line to a straight line. Variation occurs in pitch bandwidth and fluctuation according to segmental content. The first segment affects the phonological phrase formation bandwidth, and the following segment affects the pitch fluctuation. If the first segment has [+aspirate], [+tense], [+continuant], the intonation is formed in the high band, otherwise, it is formed in the low band. If the second or after segment in the intonation realized in the high band has [-aspirate], [-tense], [-continuant], the pitch is lowered to the lowest level of the low bandwidth. In the intonation realized in the low band, [+aspirate], [+tense], [+continuant] is blocked by the second descent of LHLH.

• MALSORI
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• no.62
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• pp.19-32
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• 2007

This study investigated the perception of emotional voices by transplanting some or all of the prosodic aspects, i.e. pitch, duration, and intensity, of the utterances produced with emotional voices onto those with normal voices and vice versa. Listening evaluation by 24 raters revealed that prosodic effect was greater than segmental & vocal quality effect on the preception of the emotion. The degree of influence of prosody and that of segments & vocal quality varied according to the type of emotion. As for fear, prosodic elements had far greater influence than segmental & vocal quality elements whereas segmental and vocal elements had as much effect as prosody on the perception of happy voices. Different amount of contribution to the perception of emotion was found among prosodic features with the descending order of pitch, duration and intensity. As for the length of the utterances, the perception of emotion was more effective with long utterances than with short utterances.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.179-184
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• 2005

The aim of this paper is to analyze the phonetic features of the lexical contrastive focus and the segmental contrastive focus. In this paper, I made two variables to study the realization of the contrastive focus. One is the three phonation types of the Korean plosive, a lenis, a fortis and an aspirate. The other is the positions of the segmental contrastive focus syllable in a word. I examined pitch, duration, intensity, VOT, formant, and so on. The realization of focus is different by the phonation types and the positions of the focused syllable.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.641-647
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose the reduction method of the number of parameters in the segmental-feature HMM using trend quantization method. The proposed method shares the trend information of the polynomial trajectories by quantization. The trajectory is obtained by the sequence of feature vectors of speech signals and can be divided by trend and location information. The trend indicates the variation of consequent frame features, while the location points to the positional difference of the trajectories. Since the trend occupies the large portion of SFHMM, if the trend is shared, the number of parameters maybe decreases. To exploit the proposed system the experiments are performed on TIMIT corpus. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed system is roughly similar to that of previous system. Therefore, the proposed system can be considered one of parameter reduction method.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2015

This paper investigates the acoustic-perceptual relation between Korean dent-alveolar fricatives and the English voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ in varied prosodic contexts (e.g., stress, accent, and word initial position). The denti-alveolar fricatives in Korean show a two-way distinction, which can be referred to as either plain (lenis) /s/ or fortis /$s^*$/. The English alveolar voiceless fricative /s/ that corresponds to the two Korean fricatives would be placed in a one-to-two non-native phoneme mapping situation when Korean listeners hear English /s/. This raises an interesting question of how the single fricative of English perceptually maps into the two-way distinction in Korean. This paper reports the acoustic-perceptual mapping pattern by investigating spectral properties of the English stimuli that are heard as either /s/ or /$s^*$/ by Korean listeners, in order to answer the two questions: first, how prosody influences fricatives acoustically, and second, how the resultant properties drive non-native listeners to interpret them as segmental features instead of as prosodic information. The results indicate that Korean listeners' responses change depending on the prosodic context in which the stimuli are placed. It implies that Korean speakers interpret some of the information provided by prosody as segmental one, and that the listeners take advantage of the information in their judgment of non-native phonemes.