• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

Demand for the domestic hairy vetch seed production will be increased with the increasing interest of environment-friendly agriculture in Korea. This study was conducted during from 2000 fall to 2003 spring at upland field of National Institute of Crop Science in Suwon, Korea to compare wheat and triticale (TC) as stake crop of hairy vetch (HV), and to know proper seeding rates and ratios between TC and HV for the maximum HV seed production. As supporting crop of HV, TC was superior to wheat at the points of higher HV seed yield, stronger TC stalk for supporting, consistence of ripening stage of two seeds. In seeding method, row seeding was superior to broadcast seeding at the points of less lodging and higher HV seed yield. HV seed yield decreased with the increase of TC seeding rate in mixture cropping (row seeding), particularly at TC seeding rates over 5kg/10a. HV seed yield increased with the increase of HV seeding rate at the condition of TC seeding rates under 5kg/10a in spite of higher lodging of mixed crops at higher HV seeding rate due to higher HV aboveground dry matter. Maximum HV seed yield was obtained at TC seeding rate of $1\~1.5kg/10a$ as indicating HV seed yield 176kg/l0a (CV. Madison) at seeding rate of TC 1kg/10a + HV 2 kg/10a in 2001, and HV seed yield 96kg/10a (CV. Common) at seeding rate of TC 1.5kg/10a + HV 4.5kg/10a in 2003. Use of all-purpose combine harvester for harvesting and appliance for separation of mixed seeds using centrifugal force, which are prerequisite for HV seed production, was excellent in the simultaneous seeds production system of HV and TC.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the planting properties and root potential of planting block with mixing seeding of herbaceous plants and cool-season grasses in CSG blocks manufactured by cemented sand and materials (CSG) in order to develop environmentally friendly CSG block applied revegetation. Five types of CSG mix designs with cement contents were determined, and the mechanical properties of CSG materials were studied experimentally. To analyze growth properties of plants within CSG block, germination ratio, visual cover, plant height and root potential were measured in four weeks and eight weeks after seeding. The germination regardless mixture seeding of plants and CSG mixproportions started within 4 ~ 7 days after seeding and the germination ratio were in the range of 60 ~ 65 %. The visual cover of kinds of plants evaluated by visual rating system were in the range of 6 ~ 8 in case of seeding the species of cool-season grasses and were in the range of 4 ~ 6 in case of seeding the species of herbaceous plants in four weeks after seeding. The root potential of CSG block with the species of cool-season grasses and herbaceous plants were in the range of $5.7{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}7.7{\times}10^{-3}$ MPa and $2.3{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.7{\times}10^{-3}$ MPa in eight weeks after seeding, respectively.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2023

Pasture formation and management are crucial to avoid yield reduction. This experiment aimed to examine the effects of tall fescue-centered mixed-seeding combinations on yield and vegetation changes in perennial pastures in the central region for two years, from September 2020 to October 2022. The treatments were arranged in three replications in a randomized block design: control (C), tall fescue-based mixture-1 (T-1), and tall fescue-based mixture-2 (T-2). The tall fescue (TF), orchard grass (OG), perennial ryegrass (PRG), Kentucky bluegrass (KBG), and white clover (WC) were used. The emergency rate of grasses (70.0 to 73.3%) did not differ among mixed seeding combinations. Overwintering rates (81.7 to 83.3%) were similar among treatments. The plant height of grasses was similar at each harvest date, with the highest height (86.2 cm) recorded in the second harvest of the first year, followed by that (58.4 cm) in the third harvest of the first year; it was least (38.9 cm) in the fourth harvest of the second year. There was no significant difference in the dry matter yield of grasses among the mixed seeding combination treatments in the first, third, or fourth harvests of the first year (p>0.05). For second-year grasses, dry matter yield was not significantly different in harvest date among the treatments (p>0.05). Based on mixed seeding ratio, orchard grass showed the highest yield at 70% in the C treatment, followed by tall fescue at 80% and 60% in the T-1 and T-2 treatments, respectively, in the first harvest after seeding. There was no significant difference in feed value between treatments (p>0.05), but a significant difference was observed between the third and fourth harvest (p<0.05). Therefore, it indicated that it is important to create perennial pastures in the central region through mixed seeding combinations centered on tall fescue.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2002

본 시험은 사초용 연맥(Avena sativa L.)과 호밀(Secale cereale L.)의 혼파시 호밀 품종의 숙기 및 혼파량이 사초의 생육특성, 수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 1999년 8월부터 2000년 4월까지 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속 실험목장 사초시험 포장에서 실시되었으며, 호밀 품종의 숙기가 다른 조생 품종인 ‘Koolgrazer'와 만생품종인 'Kodiak'을 주구로 하고 혼파량(T1: 연맥 200kg/ha + 호밀 0kg/ha, T2: 연맥 150kg/ha + 호밀 40kg/ha, T3: 연맥 100kg/ha + 호밀 80kg/ha, T4: 연맥 50kg/ha + 호밀 120kg/ha 및 T5: 연맥 0kg/ha + 호밀 160kg/ha)을 세구로 하는 분할구 시험법으로 3반복 설계 배치하였다. 연맥 호밀 혼파조합에서 가을 수확시 호밀 품종의 숙기는 사초의 조단백질 함량에 영향이 없었으나 호밀의 파종량이 증가함에 따라 조단백질 함량은 13.6%에서 19.3%로 높아졌다(P$<$0.05). 그러나 봄 수확시 만생품종이 15.1%로 10.1%인 조생품종에 비해 높았다(P$<$0.01). 사초의 ADF 함량은 가을 수확시는 호밀 품종의 영향이 없었으나 호밀의 파종량이 증가함에 따라 27.8%에서 20.7%로 감소했다(P$<$0.01). 봄 수확시 만생품종이 28.0%로 조생품종의 35.8%보다 낮았다(P$<$0.01). 또한 NDF 함량과 in vitro 건물소화율도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 최고의 조사료 건물수량은 ha당 조생종 호밀 품종 80kg과 100kg의 연맥을 혼파한 처리구에서 12,356kg/ha의 건물수량을 나타내었다. 또한 호밀 품종의 숙기와 혼파량간의 유의적인 교효작용효과가 인정되었다(P$<$0.01). 본 시험의 결과를 종합할 때 옥수수의 후작으로 연맥이나 호밀의 재배시 단파보다는 혼파를 하는 것이 건물수량의 증수, 사료품질의 향상에 바람직하며, 혼파량은 ha당 호밀 80kg과 연맥 100kg이 적절하다. 또한 호밀 품종의 숙기는 만생품종보다 조생품종이 사초의 건물수량 증가와 조기수확의 이점이 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1997

Sesame was one of the economical crops in Korea. However, cultivation area of sesame has been decreasing rapidly due to the lack of mechanization for this crop and the opening of agricultural product market. Sesame seed is so small that ordinary seeder can not seed properly. In rural practice, farmers seed sesame with hand and do thinning after shoot emerges. Seeding and thinning in sesame cultivation take more than 40% of total labor To reduce labor in seeding and thinning, a pellet seed machine for sesame has been developed. The pellet seed machine is very simple in structure. It utilizes the chemical reaction between alginate solution and $CaCl_2$. Two material forms a membrane when they meet The uniqueness of the pellet seed machine for sesame were 1) a counter rotating roller for metering the mixture of activated carbon and alginate and 2) swinging plate for submerging seed into the mixture. The prototype machine can produce 30, 000 pellets per hour and costs ￦6, 891 per 1 km sesame.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.62-72
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• 1997

This study was conducted to find out the hydroseeding timing of several herbaceous plants for the slope revegetation works. Four native plants and five introduced grasses were used for this experiment and were seeded on the cut slopes by hands in April, May, June, September and October. To identify the best seeding timing, germination percentage, ground covering rate, number of tillers and plant heights were investigated. There were wide differences in germination and ground covering rates of native plants are lower than those of cool-season foreign grasses and they show different germination rates according to seeding timing. Among them, Arundinella hirta var. ciliata shows the most apparent germinatin pattern according to seeding timing. 2. Seeding timing : Native plants tend to germinate well in May and June and cool-season foreign grasses in May and September. But Native plants show extremely low germination rates in autumn, so it is necessary to adjust the seeding rates when seeding in autumn. When seeding in May, it will be possible to use native plants-seed-mixture without using introduced foreign grasses. In sum, the best seeding timing of cool-season foreign grasses are May and September, and warm-season foreign grass is May and June. The best seeding timing of native plants seem to be in May and June.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal amount and the mixture ratio of seeds for revegetation species by investigating their growth characteristics. For the purpose of the experiments, 15 plants were chosen. In May of 1995 to September of 1998, the nursery seedbeds of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University were seeded with the mixtures of those species. Then, the nursery seedbeds were treated to investigate the effects of the amount of seeding, the amount of fertilizer, and the depth of soil on the growth characteristics. As the results of the experiments, it was found that the effects of all the treatments on growth of shoots and roots were significant in the early phase. For the expected number of seedlings more than 3,000 per square meter, many seedlings got withered to death while the survivors were suppressed to grow slow in the early stage due to the density problem.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop environmental restoration methods for the ecological restoration of the rock exposed steep cut-slopes using native woody plants seeds by the hydro-seeding with artificial soil media. The main results are summarized as follows; 1. Quercus spp. seeded after seed treatment germinated over 80% and most of them grew well until one year. So, Quercus spp. can grow at the extremely dry rock exposed slopes revegetated by hydro-seeding with soil-fertilizer-seed mixed media. 2. The germinated seedlings grew well at the slopes oriented southeast. But in case of the survival ratio of the germinated seedlings, northwestward slopes was the best. 3. In case of the using pot seedlings of the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, it shows more beautiful scenery than the area using cool-season grasses. 4. As the results of the experiment, Albizzia julibrissin, Quercus spp. and Lespedeza crytobotrya can be useful at the restoration and revegatation of the cut-slopes. 5. At the results of the seed mixture experiment, cool-season grasses covered the ground quickly, but slowly germinated Quercus spp. and Lespedeza crytobotrya formed under story vegetation. Also, Albizzia julibrissin formed upper story vegetation will be replaced by Quercus spp. slowly.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.271-291
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• 1992

호남지방(湖南地方)에 있어서 직파재배(直播栽培)의 현황(現況)과 잡초방제(雜草防除)에 대한 문제점(問題點) 및 그 대책(對策)에 對(대)하여 조사연구(調査硏究)를 하였다. 호남지방(湖南地方)(전북(全北), 전남(全南), 충남(忠南) 및 광주시(光州市))에 있어서 92년(年) 현재(現在) 직파면적(直播面積)은 건답(乾畓)이 732.1ha 담수(湛水)가 918.7ha로 총(總)1,650ha 였다. 1. 건답직파(乾畓直播) 농가(農家)의 잡초방제(雜草防除) 현황(現況)을 보면 건답기간(乾畓期間)에는 파종(播種) 3-5일(日) 후(後)에 butachlor 유제(乳劑)나 입제(粒劑)를 처리(處理)하였으며 극(極)히 소수(少數)의 농가(農家)는 benthiocarb 나 chlornitrofen 유제(乳劑)도 사용(使用)하였다. 또 벼 발아전(發芽前) 10-14일(日) 후(後) butachlor에 praquat을 혼합(混合)(Tank Mixture) 하여 처리(處理)한 농가(農家)도 있었다. 그리고 이어서 파종(播種) 35~40 일(日) 사이 담수후(湛水後)에는 Sulfonyl-urea계(系) 합제(合劑)를 처리(處理)하는 체계처리(體系處理)를 택(擇)하고 있었고 상기(上記) 제초제(除草劑)를 처리(處理)하고도 방제(防除)되지 못한 잔초(殘草)는 Bentazon + quinclorac 수화제(水和劑)로 마무리 제초(除草)를 하고 있었다. 2. 대부분(大部分)의 농가(農家)는 담수직파(湛水直播)에 있어서 제초제처리(除草劑處理)를 할때는 각(各) 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 특성(特性)을 이해(理解)하지 못한 가운데 선택(選擇)을 했거나, 특히 제초제(除草劑)의 처리적기(處理適期)를 지나서 처리(處理)하여 실패(失敗)한 경우(境遇)가 많았다. 그 중(中) 제초제처리(除草劑處理)에 비교적(比較的) 성공(成功)한 농가(農家)의 사례(事例)는 다음 4종류(種類)로 요약(要約)된다. (1) 파종전(播種前) 처리(處理) : 파종(播種) 5-9 일(日) 前 써레질 직후(直後) oxadiazon, butachlor 또는 benthiocarb를 처리(處理)하고 이어서 파종(播種) 20일(日) 후(後)에 sulfonyl-urea계(系) 합제(合劑)를 처리(處理)한 체계처리(體系處理) (2) 써레질후(後) 10 일항(日項)에(피 2엽기(葉期) 이내(以內))에 bensulfuron-methyl + dimepiprate 또는 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + Molinate, bensulfuron-methy1 + mefenacet + dymron 등을 처리(處理)한 체계(體系)(두 제초제(除草劑)는 초기(初期) 약간(若干)의 약해(藥害) - 그후(後) 회복(回復)) (3) 써레질 18-20 일(日) 후(後)(피 3.0 엽(葉))에 bensulfuron-methyl + quinclorac, Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + quinclorac, bentazon + quinclorac 입제(粒劑) 등(等)의 처리(處理)는 약해(藥害)도 없고 제한효과(制限效果)도 우수(優秀)하여 성공적(成功的)이었다. 그러나 그외(外)의 sulfunyl-urea계(系) 합제중(合劑中) 중기처리(中期處理) 제초제(除草劑)는 피에 대한 방제효과防除效果)가 불완전(不完全)하여 바로 이어서 bentazon+quinclorac 수화제(水和劑)의 추가처리(追加處理)가 필수적(必須的)이었다. 3. 직파재배(直播栽培)에 있어서 엽기(葉期)가 진행(進行)된 피에 대하여 우수(優秀)한 살초효과(殺草效果)를 나타낸 quinclorac합제(合劑) 대신 대체(代替) 가능(可能)한 제초제(除草劑)를 찾고자 우리나라에 등록(登錄)된 41종(種)의 논 제초제(除草劑)를 화합물(化合物) 계통별(系統別)로 분류(分類)하고 각각(各各)의 특징(特徵)과 처리적기(處理適期)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 초기처리(初期處理)가 약(約)70% 였으며 그 외(外)에는 중기(中期) 및 후기처리(後期處理) 제초제(除草劑)였다. 담수직파재배(湛水直播栽培)에서는 파종후( 播種後) 벼가 완전(完全)히 착근(着根)하고 뜬묘나 누은묘가 없는 시기(時期)에 제초제(除草劑)를 처리(處理)하는 것이 완전(完全)하다. 그런데 이때에는 피가 2.5- 3.0엽기(葉期) 이상(以上) 되므로 처리적기폭(處理適期幅)이 넓은 除草劑가 절실(切實)히 필요(必要)하다. 따라서 일년생(一年生) 및 다년생(多年生) 잡초(雜草)를 동시(同時)에 방제(防除)할 수 있는 sulfonyl-urea 계합제중(系合劑中) 중기처리제(中期處理劑) 6종(種)과 bentazon + quinclorac 합제(合劑) 2종(種)을 공시(供試)하여 피 3.0엽기(葉期) 이상(以上)에서 담수조건(湛水條件)에서는 토양처리(土壤處理) 그리고 건답조건(乾畓條件)에서는 경엽처리(莖葉處理)하여 피 엽기별(葉期別) 살초(殺草) 스펙트램을 검정(檢定) 실시(實施)하였다. 그 결과(結果)(Table 9, 10, 11) 살초폭(殺草幅)이 넓은 순위(順位)는 bentazon + quinclorac WP>bentazon+quinclorac G>Bensulfuron-methyl + quinclorac G>pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + quinclorac G>pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + Molinate>bensulfuron-methyl + mefenacet +dymron G>bensulfuron-methyl + mefenacet G>bensulfuron-methyl + benthiocarb G로 나타났으며 농가포장(農家圃場)에서 직면(直面)한 결과(結果)와도 부합(符合)된다. 결론적(結論的)으로 건답직파(乾畓直播) 담수직파(湛水直播)를 막론(莫論)하고 피 엽기(葉期)가 3.0엽기(葉期) 이상(以上)으로 진행(進行)된 상태(狀態)에서는 bentazon + quinclorac합제(合劑)를 대체(代替)할 제초제(除草劑)는 아직 없다. 따라서 직파재배(直播栽培) 정착(定着)을 위해서는 quinclorac합제(合劑)는 농가(農家) 공급(供給)이 지속(持續)되어져야 된다. 직파재배(直播栽培)의 조속(早速)한 정착(定着)을 위하여 다음 사항(事項)을 제안(提案)한다. 1. 관(官), 농민(農民), 연구지도기관(硏究指導機關)이 일절(一切)가 된 가칭(假稱) 직파재배시험(直播栽培試驗) 연구위원회(硏究委員會)를 지방별(地方別)로 조직운영(組織運營)할 것. 2. 정밀(精密)한 세조파기(細條播機) 및 직파전용(直播專用) 품종개발연구(品種開發硏究) 3. 새 피해(被害) 방지연구(防止硏究) 4. 잡초방제기술(雜草防除技術)의 체계확립(體系確立)에 대한 다면적연구(多面的硏究) 5. 토지기반조성(土地基盤組成) 확충(擴充)과 정밀(精密)한 정지작업(整地作業) 기술연구(技術硏究) 및 항공산파법(航空散播法) 연구(硏究).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2005

This study aimed to address problems and suggest solutions in applying seed mixture design criterior of slope revegetation works according to the "Slope revegetation design and guidelines(proposed)" proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation. To do this, a proper thickness of attaching soil media was identified in April experiment where the thickness and slopes varied. The results were as follows. In the test, the coverage rate of plot where exotic grass was not sowed increased with time and was 79.3% after three months of seeding, which indicated less risk of soil erosion. When applying the provisional standards of the plant mix proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, tree seeds and native plants were found ill in the early stage in all test lands due to exotic grass. This was because exotic grass which grew well in the early stage, could grow densely, so it might hamper the growth of other plants. When slope revegetation were planted and goals were set for herb, shrub and tree dominant mixture types, it was required to shift focus toward nursing up native plants first rather than early plantation of exotic grass.