An experiment was carried out to investigate possible use of several systemic insecticides as seed treatment to control some insect pests of rice, barley and soybean. The insecticides were impregnated with active carbon dust and $2\%$ water solution of methyl cellulose as skicker. The seeds were dressed with the insecticides: Fussol (Monofluoroacetamide), Dimethoate (0, 0-dimethyl-S-(N-methyl carbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate), Metasystox (0, 0-dimethyl 0-2 ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate), Dimecron (0, 0-dimethyl (diethylamide-1-chlorocrotonyl) Phosphate). The seeds were treated at the rate of $4\%$ by grain weight. Effects of seed treatments with systemic insecticides on the seed germination and insecticidal effectiveness were tested. Fer rice, no seed germination was observed in Fussol treatment. Dimethoate, Metasystox and Dimecron showed a slight reduction in germination when seeds were sown 1 day after treatment, but they showed gradual reduction in germination when seeds were sown 20 and 45 days after treatment. Especially Diriethoate treatment showed significant reduction in germination after 20 and 45 days of storage. All the insecticides reduced seedling stands of barley somewhat. No plant emergence was observed in Fussol treatments after 25 and :to days of storage. In case of the 40 days of storge in barley seed treated with Dimethoate, Hetasystox and Dimecron there was no gignificant reduction in plant emergence except Fussol treatment. Dimethoate was highly toxic to the soybean seed viability. However, there was no significant reduction in the soybean germination after 1 day of storage. in Fussol, Metasystox and Dimecron treatments After 25 days of storag in Fussol and Dimethoate treatments, no plant emergence was observed, and there was $13.3\%$ emergence in Metasystox treatment, and $93.0\%$ emergence in Dimecron treatment. Dimethoate treatment in rice seed(variety Suwon # 82) showed $90\%$ mortality at the twentieth day and $33.3\%$ at the thirtieth day after sowing against the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps But no visible effectiveness was observed in Metasystox and Dimecron treatments. Dimethoate treatment in barley seed resulted in low population density of aphids. Rhopalosiphum spp. Final observation on the number of eggs per plant was made at the fiftieth day after sowing; 2 in Dimethoate, 4 in Fussol, 6 in Metasystox, 7 in Dimecron, and 13 in check plots. All the insecticides tested resulted in good insecticidal effectiveness against the aphids, Aulocorthum solani on soybean plant at the ninth day infestation after sowing. Dimethote, Metasystox, and Dimecron treated soybean plants was still effective in controlling the aphids to the eighteenth day infestation.
Al-Quraan, Nisreen A.;Locy, Robert D.;Singh, Narendra K.
Plant Biotechnology Reports
/
v.5
no.3
/
pp.225-234
/
2011
Arabidopsis mutants with T-DNA insertion in seven calmodulin genes (CAM) were used to determine the specific role of CAM in the tolerance of plants to oxidative stress induced by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatments. Arabidopsis calmodulin mutants (cam) were screened for seedling growth, seed germination, induced oxidative damage, and levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt metabolites. Only the cam5-4 and cam6-1 mutants exhibited an increased sensitivity to paraquat and $H_2O_2$ during seed germination and seedling growth. In response to treatments with $3{\mu}M$ paraquat and 1 mM $H_2O_2$, only the cam5-4, cam6-1 mutants showed significant changes in malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in root and shoot tissues, with highly increased levels of MDA. In terms of the GABA shunt metabolites, GABA was significantly elevated in root and shoot tissues in response to the paraquat treatments in comparison to alanine and glutamate, while the levels of all shunt metabolites increased in root tissue but not in the shoot tissue following the $H_2O_2$ treatments. GABA, alanine and glutamate levels were significantly increased in root and shoot of the cam1, cam4, cam5-4, and cam6-1 mutants in response to paraquat (0.5, 1 and $3{\mu}M$), while they were increased only in the root tissue of the cam1, cam4, cam5-4, and cam6-1 mutants in response to $H_2O_2$ (200 and $500{\mu}M$, 1 mM). These data show that the cam5-4 and cam6-1 mutants were sensitive to the induced oxidative stress treatments in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, and oxidative damage. The accumulation of GABA shunt metabolites as a consequence of the induced oxidative stress treatments (paraquat and $H_2O_2$ treatments) suggests that the GABA shunt pathway and the accumulation of GABA metabolites may contribute in antioxidant machinery associated with reactive oxygen species and in the acquisition of tolerance in response to induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis seedlings.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical treatments and electric and magnetic field treatments on germination and seedling growth of onion (Allium cepa L.). Germination ratios of the onion seed were not much different among the tested species. However, germination ratio was much higher in species of small and medium size seed than that of large one. Moisture content of the seeds was shown to be more suitable in the range of 10-15% for seed germination compare to that of 20%. The germination ratio of onion seeds was found to be increased by the chemical treatments in the order of GA<$NaNO_3$<$KNO_3$. In particular, the treatments with 0.1 and 0.2% $KNO_3$ increased the germination ratio by 13 and 15% compared to that of the non-treatment. The seeds treated with electric or magnetic field resulted in much higher germination ratio and better initial growth. Germination ratios of 86 and 88% were found in the 10 kV and 4 Gauss treatments, respectively. The length and weight of the seedlings grown for 40 days after transplanting were increased by 23-45% with 8 kV and 12 Gauss treatments compared to those of non-treatment.
The North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) seed crop varies from year to year. The ability to hold stratified seed for a year would ensure continuity of seed supply and no interruption in production cycles. Seed drying and rehydration protocols at room temperature $(21{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$ were developed. These protocols and seed storage at 4 ${\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and 35%, or variable, relative humidity (RH) allowed the holding of stratified seed for one year and then establishment of the following five treatments in field plots: Trt.1 : dried 2005 stratified seed (seed harvested Fall 2004) held at $4^{\circ}C$ and at variable humidity; Trt.2 : 2006 stratified seed planted directly into the field; Trt.3 : 2005 stratified seed dried in October 2005 and held at $4^{\circ}C$ and 35% RH ; Trt.4 : 2005 stratified seed held in moist sand from October to December 2005 at room temperature $(21{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$ and then in December dried and held at $4^{\circ}C$ and 35 % RH; Trt.5 : 2005 stratified seed held in moist sand from October to December 2005 at room temperature and then in December dried and held at $-12^{\circ}C$ Seedling emergence was best in Trts. 2 and 4 with 67.3 and 65.1% respectively which is similar to the industry expected rate of 68% after regular stratification. Seedling growth was similar in Trts. 2 and 4 with root dry weights of 172 and 159 mg respectively in mid-August. Therefore, if holding stratified seed in August/September for one year is desired, the seed can be placed in moist sand until December and then dried and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and 35% RH. These seed can be planted in the following August/September and will germinate and grow in the following year to give an acceptable crop.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.7
no.1
/
pp.49-54
/
1987
Information is needed on the plant characteristics affects by forage removal and their relationships to grain yield of italian ryegrass in order to combine herbage seed crop management and livestock farming. This study with tetraploid cv. Tetrone was carried out on the experimental field of Haenam Branch Station. treatments included two different seeding time, cutting time and frequency. Seeds were sown in row 50 cm width within the rows. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Fresh and dry matter were increased significantly in plots defoliated lately and many times but seed yield components were decreased significantly in plots defoliated in spring. 2. Autumn defoliation had no significant effect on the seed yield but seed yield were decreased significantly in plots defoliated later than 8 April. 3. Excess vegetative growth can be removed in autumn and early spring without harm to the seed crop and the most important aspect of its removal is the timing of the operation. 4. Seed yield reductions were accompanied by the decrease of inflorescences,seeds/spike, and thousand seeds weight, due to an increase in apex removal of vigorous tillers by late cutting.
Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
/
v.24
no.1
/
pp.29-35
/
2022
This study was conducted to investigate the seed storage method and seed germination characteristics of Synurus deltoides (Ait.) Nakai, a kind of wild vegetables. Several parameters affecting seed germination, such as germination temperature, chilling duration, imbibition duration, and storage method were evaluated. The seed germination of Synurus deltoides showed the highest germination rate (GR), promptness index (PI), germination performance index (GPI), mean daily germination (MDG) at 25℃. This implies that the optimum germination temperature was 25℃. And also, Seeds stored at -4℃, after 150 days showed relatively high germination rate about 98%. Therefore, The optimum germination temperature of Synurus deltoides was 25℃ and to increase the germination rate over 98% of Synurus deltoides, cold-wet storage 20 days treatments at 4℃ were effective in the improvement of seed germination.
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a biomass potential crop has several distinct advantages such as vigorous growth on poor land and high yield of carbohydrate. In this crop, seed dormancy has hampered the efforts of seed-propagration and to use them in breeding programs for improving jerusalem artichoke. Several seed treatments were tested to determine their effectiveness in overcoming the seed dormancy found in five collected varietes of jerusalem artichoke. The first results showed that the seed fertilities of five collected varieties ranged from 2.4% to 14.7% and the number of seed produced by one plant ranged from 88 to 1058. Germinability of seeds stored for 3 months at room temperature after harvest was almost 0% and it was not improved by addition to the treatments of temperature, light and GA3, while germinability of seeds stored for 27 months at room temperature after harvest increased to 47.5% in germination rate. But the removal and pin-pricking of seedcoat were very effective in breaking the seed dormancy, giving germination of 96.8% and 82.3%, respectively. These results showed that the seed dormancy of jerusalem artichoke was induced by the seedcoat. Besides the treatment of seedcoat removal and seedcoat-pinpricking, the treatment of low and wet stratification was also effective in breaking the seed dormancy of jerusalem artichoke. Whole dormant seeds incubated for 70 days in low and wet condition germinated over 85%.
The efficient refinement of seed is required to reduce the cost and labor input in artificial propagation of wild plant. This study was carried out to develop methods for collecting and refining tiny seeds from wild plants. For obtaining Phragmites communis seeds, the inflorescence was cut into small fragments using a Straw Cutter and subsequently detached pappus hairs from seed coat by Hammer Mill. The primary refined seeds were passed 1.0 mm sieve. The screened seeds were subjected to Seed Blower with wind speed of 0.25 mㆍsec-1 to collected intact and well-ripen seeds. The seeds of Imperata cylindrica were refined as follows. Inflorescences were cut using a Straw Cutter first. The pappus was removed from cut fragments using a Hammer Mill and subsequently subjected to Seed Scarifier at 500rpm for 60 sec. for further separation. The separated seeds were passed 1.0 mm screen and collected after blowing with Seed Blower of wind speed of 0.15 mㆍsec-1. When the amount of seed was too little to refine with Seed Scarifier and Blower, the procedure was slightly modified from the procedure described above. The crude seed mixture obtained from Hammer Mill step was hand-refined roughly and then immersed into cone. (95%) sulfuric acid for 2 min. and collected floating portion after dilution of sulfuric acid solution 100 times with tap water. The collected seeds were dried and passed 0.149 mm sieve. During seed refining process using mechanical or sulfuric acid treatments, a small portion of damaged seed were evolved, however, the amount was not noticeable as compared to the total amount of collected seeds. Because the germination percentages between hand-refined seeds and seeds refined by above methods were not statistically different, the developed procedures for refining tiny seed of wild plants are helpful to reduce the cost and labor input in artificial propagation of two species.
Indoor seed treatments to elevate seedling emergence should be of value. The study was done to model the presown treatments of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds by evaluating the treatment effects of priming,$GA_3$, drying and water imbibition after drying on their germination and then their successive seed treatments on the basis of its seedling emergence. after priming using $Ca(NO_3)_2\;and\;GA_3$ treatment under their different concentrations and light quality illuminated for 12 hours a day were done separately and their two best results were compared to determine the better one, drying of imbibed seeds using the above best result and water imbibition of the dried seeds were successively done to check the rates of germination and emergence. In each treatment of priming and $GA_3$, the former best germination occurred at $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 150 mM done under 2 day darkness but the latter one did at 0.01 mM done under 12 hour a day red light forced for 3 days. Of the two best results from priming and $GA_3$ treatments, the latter result was shown higher germination rate. $GA_3$ treated seeds were best desiccated under $35^{\circ}C$ and 4 hour red light illumination. The germination rate of seeds dried after $GA_3$ treatment was enhanced as imibibed 2 days immediately before sowing. Seedling emergence of all 3 successive treatments, $GA_3$, drying and water imbibition before sowing was the greatest than the two others, only $GA_3$ treatment and the combination of $GA_3$ and drying, in which indicated that its presown seed treatment must follow the successive procedure of the above 3 ones.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the mass propagation system of Aster glehni FR. and to obtain the basic data for improvement of germination and seedling. The following was the results of experimentation about temperature and light conditions, and priming treatment as kinds of chemicals, their concentration and treated periods affect germination of Aster glehni FR. The germination percentage of Aster glehni FR. seed was higher in 20 and 25$^{\circ}C$ than the others, but it dropped rapidly at 30$^{\circ}C$ and didn't germinate at 35$^{\circ}C$. The first day to germination was the slowest at 15$^{\circ}C$. The germination rate of Aster glehni FR seed increased with increasing with temperatures from 15 to 25$^{\circ}C$. But the seed was rotten easily in high temperature. The germination rate was shown highest in 25$^{\circ}C$, and next was 15, 20, 30$^{\circ}C$ in order. Light treatment enhanced germination percentage, the first day to germination, germination rate and T50, but there was no significant difference. The 3 hours priming treatments had more effect on germination percentage than 30 minutes treatments as comparing averages. Aster glehni FR seeds primed in $KNO_3+K_3PO_4$ for 3 hours had most eHective on germination percentage (83.3%) and also showed shortest $T_{50{\cdot}}T_{50}$ and day of first germination was better in 30 minutes than 3 hours treatments, and most of priming treatments were better than control(non-priming seeds). While priming seeds showed shorter day of first gemination than control, there was no significant difference between 30 minutes and 3 hours treatments.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.