• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Carbonized biomass could be used as a mechanism for long-term storage of C in soils. However, experimental results are variable. Objective of this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of carbonized biomass made from soybean residue on soil organic carbon and seed yield during soybean cultivation. The carbonized biomass was made by field scale mobile pyrolyzer. Pyrolyzer was performed in a reactor operated at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using soybean residue. The treatments consisted of four levels as the control without input and three levels of carbonized biomass inputs as $357kg\;ha^{-1}$, C-1 ; $714kg\;ha^{-1}$, C-2 ; $1,428kg\;ha^{-1}$, C-3. It was appeared that seed yield of soybean was $2,847kg\;ha^{-1}$ for control, $2,897kg\;ha^{-1}$ for C-1, $2,946kg\;ha^{-1}$ for C-2 and $3,211kg\;ha^{-1}$ for C-3 at the end of experiment. It was shown that the contents of SOC were $5.21g\;kg^{-1}$ for C-1, $5.93g\;kg^{-1}$ for C-2, $7.00g\;kg^{-1}$ for C-3 and $4.73g\;kg^{-1}$ for the control at the end of experiment. Accumulated SOC contents linearly significantly (P < 0.001) increased with increasing the carbonized biomass input. The slopes (0.00162) of the regression equations suggest that SOC contents from the soil increase by $0.162g\;kg^{-1}$ with every $100kg\;ha^{-1}$ increase of carbonized biomass rate. Consequently the carbonized biomass for byproducts such as soybean residue could increase SOC. It might be considered that the experimental results will be applied to soil carbon sequestration for future study. More long-term studies are needed to prove how long does SOC stay in agricultural soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

To illuminate the physiological response to salinity, barnyard grass (Echinochloa hispidula) was germinated with high concentration of NaCl and KCL. Duration and promptness of seed germination were observed. Under salt stress, lipid peroxidation and polyamine biosynthesis were also analyzed. It appeared that high salt treatments per se did not provoke an inhibition of germination although the process of germination was significantly delayed. In context of lipid peroxidation and polyamine biosynthesis, we would imply that barnyard grass is tolerant to salinity. The increase in lipid peroxidation and putrescine content was prolonged only for 1 day after saline treatment. It could be concluded that these early acciimulation of putrescine and production of lipid peroxide seems to be associated with salt tolerance in the short-term. The physiological interest of these responses was discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2017

Swampland is a potential alternative land to be used in various agricultural production activities in Indonesia, because Indonesia have 33.41 million hectares of swamp land that consists of 13.28 million hectares nontidal swamp and million hectares 20.13 tidal swamp. In the province of South Sumatra, because of unpredictable water level in the field before planting, farmers have been doing agronomic adaptation method through the delay time of transplanting and forced to apply more than one the nursery practice with the combination of a floating nursery method and a dry-bed nursery method. This study was aimed to (1) evaluate the seedling growth and tillering pattern of several popular Indonesian rice varieties, and (2) look for alternative technologies to get a better rice seedlings under two nursery methods in the nontidal swamp land. In the first experiment, the seedling growth characteristics of five rice varieties (Ciherang, Inpara 5, Inpara 9, Inpari 29, and Inpari 30) was evaluated by two methods of nursery, i.e. floating nursery and dry-bed nursery. In the second experiment, rice variety of Inpari 30 was treated with Zn seed priming and foliar fertilizer of 2,300 ppm N at the nursery stage. Those treatments were combined with the time of seedling under floating and dry-bed nursery. The results of the first experiment showed that of the five varieties tested, dry-bed nursery method showed better seedling growth than floating nursery. This was indicated by high leaf number, tiller number, tillers pattern, shoot-root ratio and relative growth rate. Ciherang and Inpari 30 showed high tiller number, and they had produced tertiary tiller in the sixth week of observation. Moreover, shorter period of floating and dry-bed nursery in combination with the treatment of Zn seed priming and spraying seedling with foliar fertilizer N could improve the growth of seedlings.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2015

This study aimed to assess the effects of tree manures in comparison with NPK fertilizer on growth of Acacia senegal seedlings. It was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Shambat (Lat.: $15^{\circ}$ 39' 387" N and Long.: $32^{\circ}$ 30' 871" E), during August 2008 and January 2009. The growing media were prepared by mixing ground foliage of trees with sandy soil (weight/volume) as follows, Albizia lebbeck (AL): 25 g, 50 g and 75 g; Azadirachta indica (AZ): 25 g, 50 g and 75 g; Khaya senegalensis (KH): 25 g, 50 g and 75 g; NPK fertilizer: 30 g per seedling. Albizia lebbeck and Azadirachta indica manures and NPK fertilizer have stimulated the Acacia senegal seed germination percentage in comparison with the control, with respective values of 89, 82.7, 81 and 71%. Khaya senegalensis manure has suppressed the Acacia senegal seed germination percentage with a value of only 49%. Effects of treatments on the seedlings growth parameters varied in the following percentages, in comparison to the control, shoot height: AZ 62.9%, AL 46%, KH 9.9% and NPK 27.8%; root length: AZ 25.8%, AL 31.5%, KH 30.6% and NPK 4.4%; diameter: AZ 75.2%, AL 37.1%, KH 34.3% and NPK 20%; Shoot biomass: AZ 319%, AL 195.2%, KH 57.1% and NPK 42.9%; root biomass: AZ 288.9%, AL 116.7%, KH 55.6% and NPK 16.7%%;. Thus, the effectiveness of the used substrates on the growth performance of Acacia senegal seedlings occurred in the following descending order: Azadirachta indica> Albizia lebbeck>Khaya senegalensis>NPK fertilizer. These results assert clearly the ameliorative and fertilizing characteristics of tree manures that can be reliably used for raising seedlings stocks in the nurseries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2015

This study was conducted to find out the effective induction method of tetraploid plants to obtain potential data for cultivating superior varieties by colchicine treatment. The seed germination were decreased by the higher concentration of colchicine treatment and longer soaking time. A total of 907 individuals were germinated in 16 treated plots except control (untreated plot) and 28 tetraploids were induced which was about 3.1% of the number of seed germinated. The plant regeneration rate by colchicine treatment on explant of Prunella vulgaris for. albiflora Nakai under in vitro culture was decreased with the higher concentration of colchicine. While a total of 312 individuals were regenerated in all treatments, the explant was soaked in more than 0.05% for over 1 hour, tetraploid could be obtained. In particular, for the soaking treatment in 0.05% for 6 hours and 12 hours, 37 tetraploids were induced, which was about 57.8% of the number of plant regenerated. In accordance with the observation on doubling of DNA contents in leaf in order to identify polyploid, the peak DNA content of G1 phase was 101.3 for diploid and 197.2 for tetraploid. The result confirmed the doubling of DNA content. Furthermore, the number of chloroplasts per guard cell depending on polyploid was around 10 in diploid and 19.3 in tetraploid, which was around 1.9 times as much as diploid.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.141-144
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• 2006

This experiment investigated seed yield and grain quality of rice plants treated with different irrigation methods (water supply until complete saturation, field capacity, and surface soil crack) compared with a conventional irrigation method (inundation). Each treatment began 20 days after transplanting and ended 35 days after heading. There was an 8, 18 and 18% reduction in irrigation water in the three treatments, respectively. Rice yield with complete saturation treatment was similar to that of conventional irrigation, while those of field capacity and soil crack were less by 7 and 13%. The ratio of filled grain was lower and amylose content was higher in the water-saving irrigation than those from conventional irrigation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil nitrogen credit of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the nitrogen balance of soybean in soybean-barley cropping systems. Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley­soybean double cropping system. The barley-soybean double cropping system was treated with two different levels of nitrogen fertilizers, 0 nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F0), and standard nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F1). Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased $4.8\%\;and\;5.9\%$, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000. The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were $69.1\~ 88.2\%$ in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot. The ranges of nitrogen harvest index (NHI) in all treatments were $83.9\~86.7\%$. The yield was 270 kg/10a in BS­F1 plot and 215 kg/10a in BS-F0 plot. However, the nitrogen balances were +0.6 kg/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 kg/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot. In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot. Overall, our results suggest that barley-soybean double cropping system was more effective in respect to seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation than soybean monocropping system, and the N credit to following crops by soybean cultivation was identified in soybean double cropping system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2006

Germination and early elongation of rice after germination were investigated in anoxic air treatment, nitric oxide gas treatment, and six concentrations of mercuric chloride solutions to determine the effects of limited oxygen environment, nitric oxide, and inhibited water flux through cell membrane in $17^{\circ}C$. Anoxic air treatment affected germination of tested six varieties very little. However root elongation rates were severely inhibited while shoot growth was affected less. Reductions in shoot and root elongations demonstrated genotypic variations. Nitric oxide delayed the germination of rice even though it didn't affect the final percent germination. Elongations of root and shoot were inhibited in nitric oxide treatment. The inhibitor effect of nitric oxide on the shoot elongation of rice was less severe, while nitric oxide completely inhibited the root emergence of rice. Concentrations of $HgCl_2$ greater than $300{\mu}M$ dramatically reduced the rate and percentage of germination when compared to distilled water treatment. The reduced percent germination showed the greatest variation among rice varieties in $500{\mu}M$ solution of mercuric chloride. Ansanbyeo, Jinheung, and Odaebyeo were affected less by $HgCl_2$, Nonganbyeo and Sangmibyeo were intermediate, and the germination of Andabyeo was greatly reduced by $HgCl_2$. Root elongation of germinated rice seedlings was more sensitive to oxygen deficits, nitric oxide, and $HgCl_2$ treatments than germination and shoot elongation. In conclusion, poor seedling establishment of rice sown in flooded paddy soils, in which the oxygen supply to the seeds is restricted, appears to the result of limited root elongation rate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1977

In order to find out the effect of five kinds of cultural treatments in fall crop production of potatoes the experiments were carried out with Simabara cultivar at Chonan in 1976. Sprouting of dormant seed pieces were induced by soaking in 2ppm GA and 250ppm Ethrel mixed solution for 60 minutes. Seed pieces with longer sprouts at transplanting, and increasing of urea(nitrogen) application from 10 to 30 Kg per 10a resulted better growth, yields, and quality. Application of total nitrogen at one time on 24th July(transplanting date) resulted lower emergence, yields, growth, and quality as compared with divided application on 24th July and 15th August and 5th September. Higher transplanting than 60$\times$20cm or 70$\times$17cm resulted slender growth and lower yields. Deeper mulch with wheat straw (from 4 to 12cm) induced lower maximal earth temperature in summer and higher minimal earth temperature in autumn.