• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2022

Chromosome breakage occurred by DNA methylation inhibitor. Zebularine is known as DNA methylation inhibitor and suitable for water solubility among different DNA methylation inhibitors as 5-Azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We used zebularine as mutagen according to different methods by roots absorption and seed imbibition. After zebularine treatment, DNA methylation inhibitor, we observed mitotic chromosome behavior what is different according to two different treatment methods. First, seed imbibition treatment in 1,000 μM of zebularine solution for 72 hours in dark conditions. The second treatment to seedlings of Keumkang was also treated in 1,000 μM of zebularine solution for 72 hours after germination. Root and shoot showed different elongations in each treatment. Root absorption treatment(3.01±0.48, 2.00±0.26) showed the shortest elongation in root and shoot than control(8.16±0.61, 4.03±0.48) and seed imbibition treatment(4.33±0.80, 2.48±0.36). It can be explained root tip meristematic cell activity was damaged by DNA methylation inhibitor. Primary root tips were collected in DW for 24 hours at low temperature(0℃) and fixed in fixation solution for 3 days to chromosome observation in mitosis. Mitotic index, chromosome structure and chromosome aberration were observed by phase-contrast microscope. Mitotic index of the control(0.29) showed twice mitotic cells as the treated groups(imbibition 0.15, absorption 0.14). Observation of chromosomes showed some short chromosomes and loosen chromosomes affected by zebularine. It is considered because of zebularine damage DNA in mitosis. We observed "gap by chromosome breakage" in chromosomes that have loose parts between centromere and telomere. It seems demethylation of zebularine occurs chromosome breakage.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 1995

Agrochemicals for the plant-disease control are criticized severely for causing environmental pollution and residual problems, and consequently microbial disease control agents are expected to be safer and more economical for sustainable agriculture. Treatment of biological control agents to seed requires the use of effective delivery systems that allow full expression of the benefical qualities of the bioprotectant. For the activation and establishment of bioprotectant around the plant seed which are able protect the seeds and seedlings from pathogen attack, the optimal liquid coating formulation was obtained using 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (binder), 20% sesame dregs (solid particulate material), and dried spore of Bacillus subtilis YBL-7 (bioprotectants, 10 mg/g of seed). Suppressive of root rot was demonstrated in pot trials with coated kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds. Coated seeds with B. subtilis YBL-7 spore in F. solani-infested soil reduced disease incidence by 85% to 90% after 30 days.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.222-225
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• 2010

The preparation of tin oxide thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD), using a tetrakis (ethylmethylamino) tin precursor, and the effects of a seed layer on film growth were examined. The average growth rate of tin oxide films was approximately 1.2 to 1.4 A/cycle from $50^{\circ}C$ to $150^{\circ}C$. The rate rapidly decreased at the substrate temperature at $200^{\circ}C$. A seed effect was not observed in the crystal growth of tin oxide. However, crystallinity and the growth of seed material were detected by XPS after thermal annealing. ALD-grown seeded tin oxide thin films, as-deposited and after thermal annealing, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and XPS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2003

This study investigated the phase transformation of the $REBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (RE=Nd, Gd, By) superconductor, and CCT (Continuous-Cooling-Transformation) along with the TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) diagrams are suggested according to the isothermal and continuous cooling heat-treatments. According to result of fabricated single crystal of RE-123 superconductor through TSMG method based on phase transformation neted among heat treatment process, when the ionic radius elements was decreased, RE-211 phase was well-distributed. According to result that examine about seed of pretreatment effect of TSMG method, magnetic hysteresis improved when preprocess among oxygen atmosphere in same seed. and used after. Effect of miscut expressed good superconducting special quality in case miscut uses big seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1988

Freshly harvested and depulped Korean ginseng seeds were subjected to the seed treatment of removing endocarp plus surface sterilization with sodium hypocloride, surface sterilization only, and nontreated control. These seeds were stratified at temperatures of 5$^{\circ}$, 10$^{\circ}$, 15$^{\circ}$ and 20$^{\circ}C$ for 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days. Embryo growth of the ginseng seeds of which endocarp was removed was most rapid in each stratification temperature and that of sterilized seeds was slower than unsterilized seeds after 80 days stratification at 15$^{\circ}$ and 20$^{\circ}C$. About 15$^{\circ}C$ was an optimal stratification temperature for embry growth in ginseng seeds. Chilling treatment at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 100 days was needed for better germination of dehisced ginseng seeds. An optimal germination temperature for the ginseng seed following chilling treatment was about 15$^{\circ}C$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.371-381
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• 1995

The effects of leaf and pod removal on variation of nodal sink components in determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar 'Danyeobkong' were measured at the experiment field of Chonbuk Provincial Rural Development Administration in 1991. Contrary to the conventional numbering system, node order in this experiment was numbered from top to bottom node. The leaves and pods of main stem from terminal to 5th node, below 6th node, or branches were removed at the growth stage of beginning pod(R3). In the leaf removal treatment, number and weight of pod and seed were highly decreased in upper part leaf removal, especially in removed part. In the pod removal treatment, number and weight of pod and seed were slightly increased in the other part. Cracked seed coat ratios were also high in the leaf removal treatment compared with control but low in the pod removal treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

In attempt to avoid crop damage through wild bird's picking, this study was designed with aim to evaluate several pre-sowing soybean seed coatings for optimum yield in corn-soybean mixed forage. It was investigated under four cropping treatments, viz. 1) corn sole, 2) corn mixed with soybean without any coating, 3) corn with iron coated soybean and 4) corn with thiram coated soybean. Each treatment had three replicates and corn sole was control treatment. Pioneer (P1184) and crossbred ($PI483463{\times}Hutcheson$) seeds were used for corn and soybean, respectively. The trial was conducted under randomized block design from $5^{th}$ June to $23^{rd}$ September, 2015. Data were an alyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS9.1.3 software. Results depicted that survivability of soybean against wild birds damage was found better (p<0.05) in thiram coating which was higher than iron coating and control treatment but later on thiram coating had adverse effects on subsequent growth of soybean plants. Corn stalk height was decreased (p<0.05) in thiram coating, whereas corn ear height was reduced in iron coating treatment. Iron coating enhanced (p<0.05) height of soybean plant (p<0.05) better than that of thiram coating. Soybean seed coatings didn't influence dry matter yield and nutritive value in terms of total digestible nutrients yield in corn soybean mixed forage. Conclusively, although presowing thiram coating enhanced survivability of soybean plants against wild bird damage but had adverse effects on its subsequent growth. However, soybean seed coatings didn't influence yield and nutritive value of corn soybean intercropping forage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1989

Three growth regulators, TIBA (2. 3. 5-Triiodobenzoic acid). ABA(Abscisic acid) and DGLP were sprayed on soybean plants sown on April 25 and May 10 to investigate those effect on growth and yield of Hwangkeumkong cultivar. TIBA or ABA reduced stem length. and lodging. however. increased stem diamater podding rate. number of pods and seeds per plant, and seed yield. Among 3 growth regulators TIBA was most effective to healthy growth and to increase of seed yield. Optimum treatment method for healthy plant growth and higher grain yield was 2-3 times spray with 5-day interval from 6 leaf stage (V6) of soybean plants. Soybean seed yield in the plot of TIBA treatment with 3 times from 6 leaf stage was 20% higher both in early and ordinary seeding field than those of non-treatment plots.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 2002

In spite of simple and cheap cultivation method, water broadcast-seeded rice demonstrates uneven and unstable seedling establishment per unit land area and requires more herbicide and labor-input for weed control. Three experiments were conducted in a phytotron at 18$^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the adaptability of seed-mat mulching cultivation technologies in water seeded rice for the uniform seedling establishment and the inhibition of weed occurrence without herbicide application. Five different kinds of mat with different mesh sizes and fabric properties were tested. The emergence of rice was the highest in Lawn-mat treatment, being comparable with the control, in which seeds were sown without mat. The Lawn-mat also exhibited the lowest mat tension. Mat tension may influence the emergence of rice. And once it was soaked in water, it didn't maintain its original shape any more. The emergence rate of rice was the lowest in Safer-mat treatment. In Lawn-mat treatment, which was the most effective for rice emergence in the first study, the differences of emergence and seedling establishment of rice depending on the seeding position (upper, beneath, and between mats) treatments were negligible, while they were higher in dry seeds than in pre-germinated seeds treatment. The emergence as affected by the kinds of mat also showed the same trend when tested using barnyard grass. Depending on the kinds of mat, the inhibition effect of weeds was the greatest in Safer-mat and the poorest in Lawn-mat. These results strongly suggest the possibility that the uniform seedling establishment and weed management without chemical could be achieved simultaneously by seed-mat mulching through the combination of effective mat for the emergence of rice and another efficient mat for the inhibition of weed occurrence. This possibility was also tested in the field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2020

This experiment was conducted to set ideal harvest time for itallian ryegrass (IRG) seed in reclaimed land. For IRG 'Kowinearly' variety sown in both autumn and spring, the peak growth in reclaimed land occurred in 20-30 days after heading. Plant height of IRG seedings in the spring was 90.4% of the fall-sown's plants. The yield of IRG seeds in reclaimed land was generally lower than that of farm land due to poor growth conditions. After heading, the lodging and shattering increased gradually with time. The highest yield of seed in the fall-sown trial treatment was 238 kg/10a. However, in the spring-sown treatment, the highest yield reached 169 kg/10a, which was 71% that of the fall-sown treatment. To set optimum harvesting time for IRG seed, morphological changes in the plant, moisture content of seed, and germination rate were analyzed according to time series after heading. After heading, IRG stem color had turned pink in 18 days and seed color also changed after 20 days. Following 20-25 days after heading, the seed moisture content decreased to below 55% and germination rate increased to over 90%. Therefore optimum harvesting time for IRG 'Kowinearly' variety in reclaimed land was 20-30 days after heading because germination rate and yields were high and shattering percentage was low.