• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variety and growing conditions of wheat on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. One hundred and sixty-four wheat samples, collected from a wide range of different sources, locations, varieties and years, were analyzed for a range of chemical and physical parameters. Chemical and physical parameters measured included specific weight, thousand grain weight (TG), in vitro viscosity, gross energy, N, NDF, starch, total and soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), lysine, threonine, amylose, hardness, rate of starch digestion and protein profiles. Ninety-four of the wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolizm cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were determined weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, DM retention, oil and NDF digestibility. At 28 d the birds were sacrificed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal DM, starch and protein digestibility. The wheat samples used in the study had wide-ranging chemical and physical parameters, leading to bird DMI, LWG, gain:feed, ME:GE, AME content and ileal starch and protein digestibility being significantly (p<0.05) affected by wheat sample. A high level of N fertilizer application to the English and NI wheat samples tended to benefit bird performance, with increases of up to 3.4, 7.2 and 3.8% in DMI, LWG and gain:feed, respectively. Fungicide application also appeared to have a positive effect on bird performance, with fungicide treated (+F) wheat increasing bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed by 6.6, 9.3 and 2.7%, over the non-fungicide treated (-F) wheats. An increase (p<0.1) of 9.3% in gain:feed was also observed at the low seed rate of 40 compared to 640 seeds/$m^2$. It was concluded that the type of wheat sample and environmental growing conditions significantly affects bird performance when fed wheat-based diets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2010

Kjeldahl method used in many materials from various plant parts to determine protein contents, is laborious and time-consuming and utilizes hazardous chemicals. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, a rapid and environmentally benign technique, was investigated as a potential method for the prediction of protein content. Near-infrared reflectance spectra(1100-2400 nm) of coarse cereal grains(n=100 for each germplasm) were obtained using a dispersive spectrometer as both of grain itself and flour ground, and total protein contents determined according to Kjeldahl method. Using multivariate analysis, a modified partial least-squares model was developed for prediction of protein contents. The model had a multiple coefficient of determination of 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.96 and 0.99 for foxtail millet, sorghum, millet, adzuki bean and mung bean germplasm, respectively. The model was tested with independent validation samples (n=10 for each germplasm). All samples were predicted with the coefficient of determination of 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.91 and 0.99 for foxtail millet, sorghum, millet, adzuki bean and mung bean germplasm, respectively. The results indicate that NIR reflectance spectroscopy is an accurate and efficient tool for determining protein content of diverse coarse cereal germplasm for nutrition labeling of nutritional value. On the other hands appropriate condition of cereal material to predict protein using NIR was flour condition of grains.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2011

유리나 폴리머를 기판으로 하는 TFT(Thin film transistor), solar cell에서는 낮은 공정 온도에서($200{\sim}500^{\circ}C$) amorphous semiconductor thin film을 poly-crystal semiconductor thin film으로 결정화 시키는 기술이 매우 중요하게 대두 되고 있다. Ge은 Si에 비해 높은 carrier mobility와 낮은 녹는점을 가지므로, 비 저항이 낮을 뿐만 아니라 더 낮은 온도에서 결정화 할 수 있다. 하지만 일반적으로 쓰이는 Ge의 결정화 방법은 비교적 높은 열처리 온도를 필요로 하거나, 결정화된 원소에 남아있는 metal이 불순물 역할을 한다는 문제점, 그리고 불균일한 결정크기를 만든다는 단점이 있었다. 그 중에서도 현재 가장 많이 쓰이고 있는 MIC, MILC는 metal과 a-Ge이 접촉되는 interface나, grain boundary diffusion에 의해 핵 생성이 일어나고, 결정이 성장하는 메커니즘을 가지고 있으므로 단순 증착과 열처리 만으로는 앞서 말한 단점을 극복하는데 한계를 가지고 있다. 이에 PIII&D 장비를 이용하면, 이온 주입된 원소들이 모재와 반응 할 수 있는 표면적이 커짐으로 핵 생성을 조절 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 이온 주입 시 발생하는 self annealing effect로 결정 크기까지도 조절할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 모든 process가 한 진공 장비 내에서 이루어지므로 장비의 단순화와, 공정간 단계별로 발생하는 불순물과 표면산화를 막을 수 있으므로 절연체 위에 저항이 낮고, hall mobility가 높은 poly-crystalline Ge thin film을 만들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, 주로 핵 생성과정에서 seed를 만드는 이온주입 조건과, 결정 성장이 일어나는 증착 조건에 따라서 Ge의 결정방향과 크기가 많은 차이를 보이는데, 이는 HR-XRD(High resolution X-ray Diffractometer)와 Raman spectroscopy를 이용하여 측정 하였으며, SEM과 AFM으로 결정의 크기와 표면 거칠기를 측정하였다. 또한 Hall effect measurement를 통해 poly-crystalline thin film 의 저항과 hall mobility를 측정하였다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1998

Direct-seeding has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating preparation of seed bed and transplanting. But, it required increased input of fertilizers and pesticides because of the extended paddy period. Direct seeding in wet paddy (DSWP) gives faster growth and more uniform seedling emergence than direct-seeding in dry paddy. This research had an objective to develop an efficient N management practices for DSWP with split application of N fertilizer. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of starter N and N-topdressing which was delayed N application until 5-leaf stage, with comparison to transplanting (TP). Total amount of N application were two levels; 110kg and 77kg/ha. The N applications were split four times during rice growth stages; starter, topdressing at 5-leaf stage, top dressing at tillering stage, and topdressing at panicle initiation stage. DSWP had more tillers/$m^2$ than TP, but with the delayed heading. The DSWP plots which received N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage without starter N had higher leaf area index (LAI) and leaf greenness than the TP plot. Also, these DSWP plots had high leaf-N concentration at the heading stage, as calculated from leaf chlorophyll meter readings. Rice yield in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage was significantly higher than that in TP and in DSWP with starter N. Energy and N use efficiency were improved in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage. But, there were no significant differences in grain yield between the two levels of total amounts of N applications, 77kg and 110kg/ha. We concluded that starter N could not be used effectively by rice seedlings, but topdressing N at 5-leaf stage was an efficient N management for rice growth and yield in DSWP system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2007

Experiments were conducted with aims to (1) estimate the biomass yield potential, (2) characterize the biomass and digestible dry matter production, and (3) reveal the characteristic seedling establishment of a whole crop rice variety, Nogyangbyeo, in dry- and wet-seeded rice. Maximum aboveground total biomass of Nogyangbyeo was 18 t $ha^{-1}$ in dry-seeded rice and 20 t $ha^{-1}$ in wet-seeded rice. Biomass yield potential of Nogyangbyeo was lower than that of Dasanbyeo. Comparatively, Nogyangbyeo was straw-dependent and Dasanbyeo was grain-dependent for biomass accumulation. Percentage of digestible dry matter (DDM) was higher in panicles than straw. Digestible dry matter yield was determined mainly by biomass yield rather than DDM percentage. Number of seedling establishment in Nogyangbyeo was $73m^{-2}$ in dry-seeded rice and $109m^{-2}$ in wet-seeded rice. Poor seedling establishment of dry-seeded Nogyangbyeo in the field condition was the result of low seed germination under low temperature and poor seedling emergence by deep sowing. Low seedling emergence rate of Nogyangbyeo was attributed mainly to slow elongation growth by slow leaf development and partly to mesocotyl and 1st internode lengths, not to genetically defined leaf length. The slow elongation growth of Nogyangbyeo was the same even in the high daily mean temperature of $24^{\circ}C$. Results suggest DDM yield in rice can be improved simply by increasing biomass and whole crop rice varieties should be adaptable to direct-seeding.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2004

To increase the utilization of farming lard and the income of farmers four cropping systems by introducing two crops in the cultivation of sesame and perilla were tested from May, 2001 to June, 2002. Weed occurrence was observed abunantly at the in barley＋sesame cropping system. Among cropping systems, weed in barley+sesame was greater in post-crop than in pre-crop, but other cropping systems were in pre-crop. Pre- or post-crops at the barley＋sesame, sesame+chinese cabbage showed good growth. The income of cropping system containing sesame was higher 21％ and 61％ in barley＋sesame and sesame＋chinese cabbage, than in sesame and perilla mono-crop systems respectively. The sesame＋chinese cabbage was labor-saying and cost down cropping system, because polyethylene film of pre-crop was reused in post-crop. But when perilla was introduced as post-crop of sesame, the delayed seed time resulted in decreased growth and grain yield. Soil physical properties were improved at the sesame＋chinese cabbage and barley＋sesame cropping systems.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.229-232
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• 2003

Survival with various conditions (water temperature, salinity and air exposure) and sand immersion ability for release of surf clam, Spisula sachalinensis spats, which were artificially seed produced, were investigated. Survival with water temperature conditions of spats showed no difference within the range of 4∼28 $^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. In salinity conditions, survival (%) of spats showed more than 50% in over 22 psu. In air exposure conditions, survival (%) of spats air exposed for 12 hours was no difference within below 2$0^{\circ}C$, however, that of spats air exposed for 16 hours showed below 50% at $25^{\circ}C$. In sand immersion ability, the immersion time was increased with the increase of shell length, and the immersion rate was decreased. Spats of below 15 mm in shell length were emersed more than 90% within 10 min. There was no difference in the immersion time and the immersion rate with the grain sizes of the sand bottom.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.379-387
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• 2009

The aim of this investigation was to examine the influence of extrusion on dietary fiber profile and the content of bioactive compounds, rutin and quercetin in young sprout, whole seed, and matured stem of Tartary buckwheat. WSI(water soluble index) is increased by a function of both screw profile and process temperature, compared to control in different parts of Buckwheat. Also, WSI of ME is increased more than 5.2 times in grain, compared to that of control. The effect of precooking by extrusion on the dietary fiber profile of buckwheat flour was evaluated. Precooking by extrusion significantly increased SDF in flour, although in most cases extrusion decrease in TDF a little. The thermo-mechanical treatment undergone by the buckwheat flour during extrusion led to redistribute part IDF fraction to SDF, leading to an increase in the latter. The content of rutin was increased about two fold in extruded flour of sprout, compared to in control. This increase maybe why these compounds are released from cell wall by high shear processing under high temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.347-351
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• 2000

Rye has been a major winter forage crop in Korea. Varietal improvement of rye has been practiced either by hybrid or population breeding systems. Hybrid breeding offers important advantages over population breeding since it is normally a cross-pollinated crop. The hybrid breeding in rye has been possible since cytoplasmically inherited forms of male sterility (CMS) and corresponding nuclear restorer genes were found. The objectives of this research were to develop the maintainer and restorer lines of Korean inbred lines and to estimate the effect of 'Pampa' type of CMS cytoplasm on yield and its related characteristics. For easy discrimination of male-sterile status of plants, anther scoring and the restore index system in which seed-setting and pollen quantity of viability were taken into account were established. High significant correlation between pollen quantity and pollen viability was found. For "Pampa" cytoplasm, four of 14 Korean inbred lines tested turned out to be a maintainer but no restorer was found. But for "235b" CMS cytoplasm, seven inbred lines acted as complete restorers. The Korean inbred rye lines acted mainly as maintainers in "Pampa" cytoplasm but acted mainly as restorer in "235b" cytoplasm. The 'Pampa' cytoplasm inducing male sterility reduced cohn length and plant height and increased the number of tiller, so forage yield and grain yield were enhanced. However, heading date was slightly delayed compared to the normal cytoplasm.elayed compared to the normal cytoplasm.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2011

'Superjami', a new blackish purple pigmented rice cultivar was derived from a cross between 'CG2-3-5-1-6-1' (developed from a cross between 'Heugjinjubyeo' and 'Suweon 425') as high amount of C3G (Cyanidin 3-glucoside) and 'Daeribbyeo 1' with large seed size in 2003, and selected by pedigree breeding method until $F_7$ generation. As a result, a promising line, 'SR28721-7-9-3-1-2-1', was developed and designated as the name of 'KNOU 5' in 2008. This variety has about 125 days to heading after sowing and has 74.9 cm culm height. The ratio of fertility of 'Superjami' was about 89.6% and 1,000-grain weight was about 26.2 g. It was 1.5 times heavier than 'Heugjinjubyeo'. 'Superjami' has 10 times higher C3G content compared with 'Heugjinjubyeo'. The yield potential of 'Superjami' in brown rice was about 6.3 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test.