Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Variety and Growing Conditions on the Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Wheat for Broilers

  • Ball, M.E.E. (Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute) ;
  • Owens, B. (The Queen's University of Belfast) ;
  • McCracken, K.J. (The Queen's University of Belfast)
  • Received : 2012.04.05
  • Accepted : 2012.05.10
  • Published : 2013.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variety and growing conditions of wheat on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. One hundred and sixty-four wheat samples, collected from a wide range of different sources, locations, varieties and years, were analyzed for a range of chemical and physical parameters. Chemical and physical parameters measured included specific weight, thousand grain weight (TG), in vitro viscosity, gross energy, N, NDF, starch, total and soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), lysine, threonine, amylose, hardness, rate of starch digestion and protein profiles. Ninety-four of the wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolizm cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were determined weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, DM retention, oil and NDF digestibility. At 28 d the birds were sacrificed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal DM, starch and protein digestibility. The wheat samples used in the study had wide-ranging chemical and physical parameters, leading to bird DMI, LWG, gain:feed, ME:GE, AME content and ileal starch and protein digestibility being significantly (p<0.05) affected by wheat sample. A high level of N fertilizer application to the English and NI wheat samples tended to benefit bird performance, with increases of up to 3.4, 7.2 and 3.8% in DMI, LWG and gain:feed, respectively. Fungicide application also appeared to have a positive effect on bird performance, with fungicide treated (+F) wheat increasing bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed by 6.6, 9.3 and 2.7%, over the non-fungicide treated (-F) wheats. An increase (p<0.1) of 9.3% in gain:feed was also observed at the low seed rate of 40 compared to 640 seeds/$m^2$. It was concluded that the type of wheat sample and environmental growing conditions significantly affects bird performance when fed wheat-based diets.

Keywords

References

  1. Ball, M. E. E., B. Owens and K. J. McCracken. 2013. Chemical and physical predictors of the nutritive value of wheat in broiler diets. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 26:97-107. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12178
  2. Carré, B., A. Ida, S. Maisonnier, J. P. Melcion, F. X. Oury, J. Gomez and P. Pluchard. 2002. Relationships between digestibilities of food components and characteristics of wheats (Triticum aestivum) introduced as the only cereal source in a broiler chicken diet. Br. Poult. Sci. 43:404-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120103684
  3. Choct, M. and G. Annison. 1990. Anti-nutritive effect of wheat pentosans in broiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 31:811-821. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669008417312
  4. Choct, M. and G. Annison. 1992. Anti-nutritive effect of wheat pentosans in broiler chickens: Role of viscosity and gut microflora. Br. Poult. Sci. 33:821-834. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669208417524
  5. Collier, J., P. Rose, P. Kettlewell and M. Bedford. 1996. Wheat varieties and the energy retention of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:S50-51.
  6. Garnsworthy, P. C., J. Wiseman and K. Fegeros. 2000. Prediction of chemical, nutritive and agronomic characteristics of wheat by near infrared spectroscopy. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 135: 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859699008382
  7. George, J. and K. J. McCracken. 2003. Effect of year and location of growth and year${\times}$location interactions on the physical and chemical characteristics of wheat grown in Northern Ireland. Proc. 14th Eur. Symp. Poult. Nutr., Lillehammer, Norway.
  8. Gutierrez-Alamo, A., P. Perez De Ayala, M. W. A. Verstegen, L. A. Den Hartog and M. J. Villamide. 2008. Variability in wheat : factors affecting its nutritional value. World Poult. Sci. J. 64: 20-39.
  9. McCracken, K. J. and G. Quintin. 2000. Metabolizable energy content of diets and broiler performance as affected by wheat specific weight and enzyme supplementation. Br. Poult. Sci. 41:332-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/713654927
  10. McCracken, K. J., M. R. Bedford and R. A. Stewart. 2001. Effects of variety, the 1B/1R translocation and xylanase supplementation on nutritive value of wheat for broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:638-642. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120088452
  11. McCracken, K. J., C. M. Preston and C. Butler. 2002. Effects of wheat variety and specific weight on dietary apparent metabolizable energy concentration and performance of broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 43:253-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120121472
  12. Metayer, J. P., F. Grosjean and J. Castaing. 1993. Study of variability in French cereals. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 43:87-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90145-A
  13. Miller, H. M., J. M. Wilkinson, K. J. McCracken, A. Knox, J. McNab and S. P. Rose. 2001. Nutritional value to farm livestock of wheat of low specific weight. HGCA Project Report No. 260, HGCA, London.
  14. Pirgozliev, V. R., C. L. Birch, S. P. Rose, P. S. Kettlewell and M. R. Bedford. 2003. Chemical composition and the nutritive quality of different wheat cultivars for broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 44:464-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007166031000085594
  15. Rafuse, J. L., F. G. Silversides, M. R. Bedford and P. H. Simmins. 2005. Effect of cultivar and enzyme supplementation on nutrient availability and performance of broilers fed Maritime Canadian wheat. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85:493-499. https://doi.org/10.4141/A04-048
  16. Rose, S. P., P. S. Kettlewell, M. S. Reynolds and M. R. Watts. 1993. The nutritive value of different wheat varieties for poultry. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 52:206A.
  17. Rose, S. P., L. A. Tucker, P. S. Kettlewell and J. D. A. Collier. 2001. Rapid tests of wheat nutritive value for growing chickens. J. Cereal Sci. 34:181-190. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.2001.0390
  18. Samli, H. E., N. Senkoylu, M. L. Ozduven and A. Agma. 2006. An in vitro assessment of nutritional and physical characteristics of wheat varieties obtained from Thrace and Aegean regions for poultry. Pak. J. Nutr. 5:83-85. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2006.83.85
  19. Scott, T. A., F. G. Silversides, H. L. Classen, M. L. Swift and M. R. Bedford. 1998. Effect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of Western Canadian wheat and barley samples with and without enzyme supplementation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78:649-656. https://doi.org/10.4141/A98-046
  20. Steenfeldt, S. 2001. The dietary effect of different wheat cultivars for broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:595-609. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120088416
  21. Uhlen, A-K., S. Sahlstrom, E. M. Magnus, E. M. Faergestad, J. A. Dieseth and K. Ringlund. 2004. Influence of genotype and protein content on the baking quality of hearth bread. J. Sci. Food Agric. 84:887-894. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1797
  22. Waldron, L. A., S. P. Rose and P. S. Kettlewell. 1995. Rate of in vitro starch digestion of 2 wheat varieties and its relationship to broiler chicken productive performance. Br. Poult. Sci. 36: 875-876.
  23. Wilkinson, J. M., H. M. Miller, K. J. McCracken, A. Knox, J. McNab and S. P. Rose. 2003. Effect of specific weight on the metabolizable energy content of four cultivars of wheat grain in ewes. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 105:215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00047-6

Cited by

  1. Effects of hulless barley and exogenous beta-glucanase levels on ileal digesta soluble beta-glucan molecular weight, digestive tract characteristics, and performance of broiler chickens vol.100, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.064