• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2003

남한산성 지역에서 춘계단명식물인 현호색 자연집단에 대해 2년간 종자생산의 특성을 조사하였다. 개화는 4월초에, 종자생산은 5월초에 일어나 개화로부터 종자생산까지는 30일이 소요되었으며 생식기관의 수가 감소하는 시기는 낙화 및 결실기 사이가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 개체 당 생산하는 꽃의 수는 1∼13개, 종자의 수는 0∼76개, 열매 당 종자의 수는 0∼20개이었다. 한 개체 내에서 열매 당 종자생산량은 가장 아래에 위치한 꽃이 11.8개로 많았으며 상부로 이행할수록 급격히 감소하였다. 동일한 개체가 생산하는 종자의 수는 매년 큰 폭으로 변하였으며 작은 개체는 다음해 많은 수의, 큰 개체는 적은 수의 증자를 생산하였다. 생육초기 개화체의 비율은 개체의 크기(괴경의 부피)가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 가장 작은 크기 계급인 <100 ㎣에서 5.0%(1999)∼5.4%(2000)를, 600㎣≤ 에서 100%를 나타냈다. 한편, 각 계급별 평균 꽃의 수는 2000년이 1999년보다 많았다. 특히 900 ㎣≤에서는 6.5개(1999)와 13.2개(2000)로 현저한 차이를 보였다. 생육후기 개화체의 비율은 <100 ㎣에서 13.3%이었고 500 ㎣≤ 에서 100%이었다. 따라서 생육초기보다 개화체의 비율이 다소 높게 나타났다. 괴경의 체적이나 건중량의 크기에 따른 열매의 수 및 종자의 수는 대체로 증가하였지만 경향성은 뚜렷하지 않았고 동일 크기계급 내에서도 개체마다 편차가 심하였다. 한편, 엽면적이 증가할수록 열매의 수나 종자의 수는 뚜렷이 증가하였다. 따라서 종자의 생산량은 생육기간동안 광합성량과 관계가 깊은 것으로 볼 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variety and growing conditions of wheat on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. One hundred and sixty-four wheat samples, collected from a wide range of different sources, locations, varieties and years, were analyzed for a range of chemical and physical parameters. Chemical and physical parameters measured included specific weight, thousand grain weight (TG), in vitro viscosity, gross energy, N, NDF, starch, total and soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), lysine, threonine, amylose, hardness, rate of starch digestion and protein profiles. Ninety-four of the wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolizm cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were determined weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, DM retention, oil and NDF digestibility. At 28 d the birds were sacrificed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal DM, starch and protein digestibility. The wheat samples used in the study had wide-ranging chemical and physical parameters, leading to bird DMI, LWG, gain:feed, ME:GE, AME content and ileal starch and protein digestibility being significantly (p<0.05) affected by wheat sample. A high level of N fertilizer application to the English and NI wheat samples tended to benefit bird performance, with increases of up to 3.4, 7.2 and 3.8% in DMI, LWG and gain:feed, respectively. Fungicide application also appeared to have a positive effect on bird performance, with fungicide treated (+F) wheat increasing bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed by 6.6, 9.3 and 2.7%, over the non-fungicide treated (-F) wheats. An increase (p<0.1) of 9.3% in gain:feed was also observed at the low seed rate of 40 compared to 640 seeds/$m^2$. It was concluded that the type of wheat sample and environmental growing conditions significantly affects bird performance when fed wheat-based diets.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1993

참당귀(當歸)(Angelica gigas Nakai) 종자(種子)를 파종(播種)했을 때 발아율(發芽率)이 낮아 종근(種根)의 안정적(安定的) 생산(生産)에 큰 문제점(問題點) 으로 부각(浮刻)되어 있기 때문에 종자(種子)의 발아율(發芽率)을 향상(向上)시킬 방안(方案)을 모색(摸索)하고자 발아특성(發芽特性)과 발아율(發芽率) 저조(低調) 원인(原因)에 대하여 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출아율(出芽率은) 추파구(秋播區)에서 66.6%, 춘파구(春播區)에서 41.1%로 (추파구)秋播區에서 높았고 출아시(出芽始)도 춘파구(春播區)보다 (추파구)秋播區가 빨랐다. 2. 저온구(低溫區)$(10^{\circ}C)$나 고온구(高溫區)$(30^{\circ}C)$보다 $20^{\circ}C$구(區)에서 발아율(發芽率) 62.7%, 발아세(發芽勢) 51.7% 발아계수(發芽係數)7.57로 가장 높은 수치(數値)를 보였다. 3. 종자침종시(種子浸種時) 흡수속도(吸水速度)는 수온(水溫)이 높을수록 증가(增加) 하였고, 발아시(發芽時)의 함수양(含水量)은 음건종자(陰乾種子) 무게에 대한 함수종자(含水種子) 무게의 비율(比率)로 각피종자(刻皮種子)는 2.3배(培), 무박피종자(無剝皮種子)는 3.4배(倍)로 나타났다. 4. 종자(種子)의 배유(胚乳)가 클수록 발아율(發芽率)이 증가(增加)하였고 녹색(綠色) 종자(種子)다 갈색(褐色) 종자(種子)가 발아율(發芽率)이 높았다. 5. 저장기간(貯藏期間)에 따른 발아율(發芽率)은 채종(採種) 당년(當年) 종자(種子)가 가장 높고 묵은 종자(種予)일수록 낮아졌으며 실온(室溫)에서 2년간(年間) 저장(貯藏)한 종자(種子)는 전혀 발아(發芽)하지 않았다. 6. 종자내(種子內)에 함유(含有)한 발아(發芽) 및 생장억제물질(生長抑制物質)에 대한 참당귀종자(當歸種子)와 상추종자(種子)로 생물검정(生物檢定)했을때 Methanol 추출물(抽出物)이 가장 효과(效果)가 컸고 다음은 증류수(蒸溜水)이었으며 Ether가 가장 낮았다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2017

An experiment was set to assess the effect of mixed plantings on initial growth and biomass yield of two common plantation tree species of Bangladesh namely Acacia auriculiformis (A) and Gmelina arborea (G). Study was carried out in the nursery bed of the Seed Research Laboratory and Nursery of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University (IFESCU), Bangladesh during February to November, 2015. The treatments consisted of two pure planting plots (100% A and 100% G) and five mixed planting plots (50%A: 50%G, 35%A: 65%G, 25%A: 75%G, 65%A: 35%G and 75%A: 25%G) of these two species. In nursery, seedlings were raised in a randomized blocks with four replicates of seven treatment plots. Periodic increments on height (cm), collar diameter (cm) and leaf/phyllode number of the seedlings was taken in every month and continued up to 10 months. The growth and biomass yield of seedlings were measured 10 months after the first seed was emerged. The effects of mixed plantation on growth and biomass were compared to that of seedlings grown in pure plantation. At the age of 10 months it was found that G. arborea seedlings were significantly tallest (240.13 cm) when planted with A. auriculiformis in a proportion of 25%A: 75%G, whereas A. auriculiformis were tallest in the pure 100% A plot, with an average mean height of 135.36 cm. Maximum collar diameter (1.38 cm) was recorded for G. arborea in the mixed plots 75%A: 25%G. Fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of the seedlings were found significantly (p<0.05) highest in 50%A: 50%G plot for G. arborea. G. arborea also showed highest quality index when mixed with A. auriculiformis in a proportion of 50:50, with an average value of 8.96. The results revealed a positive correlation between seedling growth and various planting patterns.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

This is the fundamental research on restoring damaged vegetation areas in the vicinity of DMZ using local native plant species. This research is aimed at identifying effective plant growth regulators (PGR) for seed germination and seedling growth of mountain mulberry, and developing effective methods for managing its germination and growth. Mountain mulberry seeds were collected from the regions in the DMZ vicinity, and tests with seven treatments using four PGRs including $GA_3$, kinetin, ABA and NAA, were conducted. The germination rate was calculated in two different ways of both in a growth chamber and in a greenhouse after seven days observation, and the growth characters such as leaf width/length, seedling width/length and fresh/dry weight, have been surveyed in a greenhouse for three months. Although in the growth chamber the highest germination rate was shown at a group with the kinetin treatment, it was not significantly different to that of the control group. Groups with ABA or NAA presented relatively low germination rates. As for the greenhouse test, the germination rates of all groups ranged 20~30% without significant difference each other, the reason of which might be due to low absorption by the effect of a soil drench method used in this study. The entire growth characters with the treatments of $2.15mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of kinetin and $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of $GA_3$ were significantly different to the control. NAA treatment only showed better growth of seedling width compared to the control. Consequently, the most effective PGRs for the germination and growth of mountain mulberry near the DMZ was kinetin. Further research on examining the most effective concentration of them was needed.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

인위적으로 산도를 조절한 인공산성우처리가 4수종의 종자발아와 생장, 잎의 피해, 묘목생장에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 혼합토양을 채운 pot에 종자를 파종하고, 황산을 지하수로 묽힌 pH 3.0, 4.0 및 5.0의 인공산성우를 처리하면서 종자발아율, 엽피해율, 토양산도 및 묘목생장을 측정하여 처리간 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 곰솔은 PH 4.0 처리구에서, 독일가문비는 pH 3.0 처리구에서 각각 발아 및 득묘율이 가장 높았고, 소나무와 젓나무에서는 처리간 유의차가 없었다. 2. 묘고생장에 있어서 모든 수종에서 처리간통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 3. 개체당 건중량에서 소나무에서는 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으나, 곰솔에서는 통계적 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 4. 처리산성우의 pH값이 작아질수로 피해엽수 및 피해개체수가 증가하는 경향이었다. 5. 토양산도는 대체로 모든 수종에서 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1999

사철쑥에 함유되어 있는 천연 화학물질이 다른 식물에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 실험식물의 종자발아와 생장실험을 수행하고 사철쑥의 화학성분을 분석했으며, 그 성분과 동일한 시약으로 생물학적 정량을 실시하였다. 사철쑥의 수용추출액에 의한 발아율은 실새풀, 이고들빼기와 왕고들빼기는 수용추출액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 감소했으나, 그러나 코스모스와 익모초는 70% 실험구와 100%, 10%구와 30%에서 서로 반대로 나타났다. 유식물의 건중량은 추출액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소현상이 뚜렷하였다. 사철쑥의 정유의 농도에 따라 쑥과 질경이는 정유농도가 증가함에 따라 생장은 억제되었고 유근보다 유묘에서 더욱 확실하였다. GC로 사철쑥의 정유를 분석하여 36종류의 화학물질을 분리확인하였고 이들중 7종류를 선정하여 생물학적 정량을 실시한 결과 terpinen-4-ol이 가장 강한 억제작용이 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2013

Antioxidants are an important group of medicinal preventive compounds as well as being food additives inhibiting detrimental changes of easily oxidizable nutrients. The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of Agriophyllum pungens seeds by various in vitro systems. The antioxidative activities of these samples were determined using four methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging activities. Additionally, total flavonoids and phenolic contents (TPC) were also determined. Yield of extracts varied widely among solvents and was the highest for water extract (5.642% based on dry weight basis), while ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (0.149 mg/mL), total flavonoid content (0.111 mg/mL), and antioxidant activities (P<0.05). The ABTS radical scavenging activity of A. pungens seeds occurred in the following order: ascorbic acid (92.9157%)>BHA (90.1503%)> ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (87.7527%)>APEA (83.9887%) >APWR (75.5633%); the antioxidant activity of the extracts might be attributed to the presence of these phenolics. This suggests that A. pungens seed extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants, which could be added to dietary supplements to help prevent oxidative stress.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.255-259
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• 1995

콩의 수량에 대한 광합성 기관(source)과 광합성생물 수용기관(sink)이 미치는 영향을 살펴 보고자, 꼬투리의 크기에 비하여 종실 건물면적이 불량한 수집검정콩인 강릉재래 밀 금릉재래, 꼬투리의 비대가 충실한 백운콩 및 수원 168호를 공시하였다. 두 수준의 재식밀도(ha당 55,000, 110,000 개체)와 개화기 이후 등숙 기간 중 차광막을 설치하여 광합성 능력에 관여하는 환경요인을 변화시킴으로써 나타나는 건물중분배 및 개체수량 반응을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부 및 종실건물중의 품종간 광합성능력 변화를 위한 재식밀도 및 차광시 처리간 유의적인 차이가 인정되었고 품종 및 처리간 유의적인 상호작용 효과도 있었다. 2. 지상부 총건물중에 대한 종실건물중 비율은 품종간 차이가 인정되어, 수원 168호가 가장 높았으며, 광합성 능력을 변화시키기 위한 처리 가운데 극히 광이 부족한$S_2$를 제외한 나머지 세 처리간 차이는 없었다. 3. 등숙기간중에수량을 위한 source와 sink 능력을 광합성 기관 제한정도(source limitation value)에 의하여 품종간 비교하여 보면, 꼬투리에 종실이 충분히 면적되는 수원 168호는 source가, 수집검정콩인 강릉재래나 금릉재래는 sink의 기능이 수량에 있어서 제한요인으로 작용하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2008

Clay-coated rice seeds (clay-coated seeds A and B) were directly sown on dry paddy and their growth and yield were compared with the normal drill-sown seeds on dry flat paddy. In clay-coated seeds, germination was 1 day earlier and the emergence rate was higher up to 5% than that of normal drill-sown seeds. But the apparent number of seedling stand per $m^2$ was lower than that of normal drill-sown seeds, which is due to the smaller amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds. At the early growth stage, the plant height of clay-coated seeds A was taller than that of drill-sown seeds, while the plant height of clay-coated seeds B was 0.7 cm shorter than that of drill-sown seeds. At the late growth stage, however, the difference was insignificant in both cases. The maximum tillering stage was 10 days earlier in drill-sown seeds. Lodging index was the lowest in clay-coated seeds B and there was no difference between clay-coated seeds A and drill-sown seeds. The ratio of stem base weight, culm diameter and culm wall thickness were higher in clay-coated seeds, while the lower internodes (4th, 5th and 6th) length was shorter in claycoated seeds than in drill-sown seeds. In clay-coated seeds, the number of panicle per $m^2$ was smaller, while the number of spikelet per panicle was a little larger than in drill-sown seeds. The rate of ripened grain and brown rice 1,000 grain weight were lower in the clay-coated seeds, thus the yield was $98{\sim}99%$ level of drill-sown seeds. Considering that the amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds was two-thirds of that in drill-sown seeds, it is expected that clay coating method could become an additional technique for direct seeding cultivation.