• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2023

The germination process is critical for plant growth and development and it is largely affected by environmental stress, especially salinity. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is well known to act as a signaling molecule in a defense mechanism against stress conditions but poorly understood regulating seed germination. In this study, the effects of NaHS (the H₂S donor) pretreatment on various biochemical (hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content and amylase and protease activity) and physiological properties (germination rate) during seed germination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Mosa) were examined under salt stress. The seed germination and seedling growth of oilseed rape were inhibited by NaCl treatment but it was alleviated by NaHS pretreatment. The NaCl treatment increased H₂O₂ content leading to oxidative stress, but NaHS pre-treatments maintained much lower levels of H₂O₂ in germinating seeds under salt stress. Amylase activity, a starch degradation enzyme, significantly increased over 2-fold in control, NaHS pretreatment, and NaHS pretreatment under NaCl during seed germination compared to NaCl treatment. Protease activity was highly induced in NaHS-pretreated seeds compared to NaCl treatment, accompanied by a decrease in protein content. These results indicate that NaHS pretreatment could improve seed germination under salt stress conditions by decreasing H₂O₂ accumulation and activating the degradation of protein and starch to support seedling growth.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.212-212
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• 2017

This experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of Chlorella culture solution on seed germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. Chlorella are known to contain different bioactive compounds. In present research work, Chlorella culture solution using liquid manure as medium have been used to study their effects on germination and root length. The study conducted a germination experiment in petri-dishes. Four treatments were compared: non-treated control treated with distilled water, Chlorella culture solution and Chlorella culture filtrate, and liquid manure. The germination percentage of perennial ryegrass seeds was highest in the Chlorella culture solution treatment. Days required for 50, 70% seed germination was the fast in Chlorella culture solution and the Chlorella culture filtrate treatment. Root length of perennial ryegrass seeds was long by 1~2cm in the Chlorella culture solution compared with no treated control. The germination index of perennial ryegrass seeds was high by 180~202% in the Chlorella culture solution treatment compared to no treatment. Chlorella culture solution and the Chlorella culture filtrate have shown stimulatory effects in germination and development of root. Use of Chlorella culture solution and the Chlorella culture filtrate can be recommended to farmers as a ecofriendly practice for better germination and growth. Present research work reveals that Chlorella contain certain growth promoting substances which enhances seed germination.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2014

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been used for the edible oil in Korea. The evaluate the effect of plant growth retardants on flaxseed yield, oil content, and gibberellin level, chloromequat chloride (CMC), paclobutrazol (PBZ), and prohexadione-Ca (PHC) were used as plant growth retardants in this study. These plant growth retardants were foliar-sprayed to flax plant at 55 days after seeding. The concentrations of each plant growth retardant were as followed: CMC 250, 500, 1000 ppm, PBZ 40, 80, 160 ppm and PHC 500, 1000, 2000 ppm. PHC treatment to forming bolls was more stimulated than CMC and PBZ. The highest ripened seed rate was observed in PHC treatment at 2000ppm. The high see yields were obtained in PHC treatment following PBZ and CMC, in turn. Seed yield that significantly increased in PBZ and PHC was found to be increased 12.4 ~ 23.9% as compared to the control. The PHC showed higher flaxseed production and oil yield than that of CMC and PBZ. The results obtained in the present study suggest that higher concentration of plant growth retardant (PHC) increased flaxseed yield and oil content. The optimal concentration of PHC treatment was observed in 2000 ppm. It concludes that the foliar application of PHC 2000 ppm may be useful for the increasing oil and higher seed production in flax plants.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

톱밥:비트펄프:면실박(50:30:20) 배지의 면실박 대체배지로서 아주까리박, 유채박을 사용한 경우 C/N율은 대조와 유사하였고, 야자박, 코코넛박을 이용한 배지에서는 대조보다 높은 C/N율을 나타났다. 아주까리박, 유채박 사용시 배양일수는 2~5일, 초발이소요일수는 2일 지연 되었고 수량 또한 대조보다 20g이상 낮게 나타났으며 야자박, 코코넛박 사용시 배양일수는 3일 지연되었으나 수량은 관행재배 128g/병과 비슷하게 나타났다. 경제성 분석결과, 미송톱밥:비트펄프:면실박(50:30:20)의 관행재배에서 면실박 대체배지로 야자박, 코코넛박을 이용시 1000병규모로 연간 8.2회 재배 경우 소득이 각각 2,864천원, 2,733천원으로 관행재배의 2,849천원 대비 101%, 96%의 소득지수를 보였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2015

Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Olgeurumil) were infected with Penicillium sp. at mean infection rate of 83%. Penicillium sp. was detected in endosperm with bran but not in embryo. Gaseous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) effectively inhibited growth of Penicillium sp. at concentration of 5 to $20{\mu}g/ml$. As treatment duration was extended from 1 to 3 h, growth of Penicillium sp. was completely suppressed even at $10{\mu}g/ml$. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. at 30% relative humidity (RH). However, the incidence of Penicillium sp. was 27.7% at 50% RH, further those were 3.5% and 0.2% at 70% and 80% RH, respectively. Seed germination was not affected by $ClO_2$ treatment at all the RH conditions. Water-soaked seeds (30% seed moisture content) showed a drastic reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. when treated at more than $10{\mu}g/ml$ of $ClO_2$. The incidences of Penicillium sp. were 3.3, 1.8 and 1.2% at 10, 15 and $20{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The incidence of Penicillium sp. in dry seeds with 9.7% seed moisture content did not reduce when treated with 5 and $10{\mu}g/ml$ at 50% RH although it tended to decrease as $ClO_2$ concentration increased to $20{\mu}g/ml$. Seed germination was not affected by $ClO_2$ treatment at the tested concentrations. These results indicated that gaseous $ClO_2$ was effective disinfectant to wheat seeds infected with Penicillium sp. and that the effectiveness of $ClO_2$ strongly increased when moisture content around or inside of the seed was increased.

• Forest Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2018

The seeds of Elaeocarpus serratus, a tropical underutilized fruit tree are characterized by hard seed coat and consequent poor water uptake and low germination. To improve the regeneration through seeds, various parameters such as viability of seeds, water uptake, and effect of seed mass on germination and pretreatments were performed using a completely randomized design (CRD). Tetrazolium (TZ) test was conducted using fresh, mature seeds revealed $50{\pm}2.56%$ mean viability. Seeds of different weight classes showed similar pattern of water uptake and the saturation level was achieved at 60 hrs of soaking. Seeds belong to weight class 2.6-3.5g were germinated ($12.5{\pm}1.26%$) with $175{\pm}1.75days$ (d) of mean time taken for germination (MTG). Germination capacity of seeds varied significantly among different populations and Varkala population gave $12.5{\pm}1.1%$ germination with $174.6{\pm}2.5d$ MTG. Among various seed treatments, mechanical scarification was superior in germination and significant reduction in MTG ($p{\leq}0.05$). The mechanical scarification by complete removal of seed coat resulted in $49.2{\pm}1.52%$ germination within a short period of time ($9.52{\pm}0.89d$ MTG). However, the complete removal of seed coat without damaging to embryo is a difficult task. An alternate treatment (Mechanical scarification II) by making cracks on nut faces vertically followed by soaking in distilled water for 24 hrs gave $48.4{\pm}1.73%$ germination with significantly reduced MTG ($12.14{\pm}0.56d$) over unsoaked, untreated control ($6.5{\pm}1.84%$ germination and $197.18{\pm}1.79d$ MTG; $p{\leq}0.05$). This treatment (Mechanical scarification II) is therefore recommended for E. serratus seeds as it can adopt easily and can achieve 7 fold increases in germination over control. The recorded germination through mechanical scarification is in tune with realized viability percentage of the seeds.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2012

상추의 채종효율을 증진하기 위해서는 잎상추의 경우는 14엽기에 GA₃ 20mg/ℓ, 결구상추의 경우 혼합처리인 8+14엽기의 GA₃ 20mg/ℓ처리가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. GA₃처리에 의한 고사율의 감소로 채종량이 엽상추는 50.9 → 14엽기 61.7ℓ/10a로 21% 증수 할 수 있었으며, 결구상추는 그 효과는 적었으나 8+14엽기에 GA₃ 20mg/ℓ처리시 무처리에 비해 14.2 →21.1ℓ/10a로 14.9% 증수효과가 있었다. 특히 결구상추 채종을 위해서는 6월 이후에 파종하는 것이 무름병과 균핵병에 의한 부패율을 경감시킬 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.694-699
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• 2002

본 연구는 파종전 종자처리에 의해 박 종자의 발아율을 최대한 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 강구하고자 종피연화, 세척, 저온 및 건조 중 적색광 처리가 발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 종피연화는 염기성인 KOH 또는 NaOH로 처리하는 것보다 산성인 acetone과 acetonitrile 10% 용액에 1시간 처리하였을 때 발아율이 증가되고 발아가 촉진되는 것으로 나타났다. 2) Acetone으로 종피연화 시킨 종자는 이후에 행하여지는 저온처리의 영향을 적게 받는 반면, KOH로 종피연화 시킨 종자는 저온처리가 행해지지 않을 경우 발아가 현저히 억제되었다. 3) 종피연화 후 흐르는 수돗물로 1시간 세척시킨 종자의 발아율은 세척하지 않은 것보다 높았다. 4) 종피연화, 세척 및 저온처리를 경과가 이루어진 종자는 건조과정에서 암처리보다는 적색광을 처리하였을 경우 발아율이 높았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2009

Dracocephalum argunense Fischer ex Link (Labiatae) is a perennial herbaceous plant used as valuable materials for ornamentals, honey production, and pharmaceutics. Since seed germination of this species was quite difficult, present studies were conducted to improve the germination rate by subjecting the seeds to various environmental conditions (temperature and light) and treatments (scarification, priming and seed coating). Optimum temperature for adequate germination was 20$^{\circ}C$ though it ranged from 15$^{\circ}C$ to 25$^{\circ}C$, and low temperature treatment improved germination rate. Light was required for higher germination rate in this species. The scarification of seeds resulted in much higher germination, especially by the physical treatment with sandpaper or chemical treatment with sulfuric acid for 30 seconds. Various primers with different concentrations were treated on the seeds and it was demonstrated that low temperature enhanced germination rate, regardless of kinds and concentrations of the primers. Three treatment combinations of the primers, 0.5 mM $GA_{3}$ treated for 48 hours, 0.5 mM IAA for 24 hours, and 1.0 mM IAA for 24 hours, increased the seed germination rate profoundly. Soaking treatment of inorganic salts, $KNO_{3}$ and $KH_{3}PO_{4}$, promoted germination when seeds were subjected to low temperature. Water soluble primers such as sucrose at 0.5 and 3% concentration and solid primer talc powder were effective in enhancing germination rate.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2012

Recently, the demand for the miniaturization of printed circuit boards has been increasing, as electronic devices have been sharply downsized. Conventional multi-layered PCBs are limited in terms their use with higher packaging densities. Therefore, a build-up process has been adopted as a new multi-layered PCB manufacturing process. In this process, via-holes are used to connect each conductive layer. After the connection of the interlayers created by electro copper plating, the via-holes are filled with a conductive paste. In this study, a desmear treatment, electroless plating and electroplating were carried out to investigate the optimum processing conditions for Cu via filling on a PCB. The desmear treatment involved swelling, etching, reduction, and an acid dip. A seed layer was formed on the via surface by electroless Cu plating. For Cu via filling, the electroplating of Cu from an acid sulfate bath containing typical additives such as PEG(polyethylene glycol), chloride ions, bis-(3-sodiumsulfopropyl disulfide) (SPS), and Janus Green B(JGB) was carried out. The desmear treatment clearly removes laser drilling residue and improves the surface roughness, which is necessary to ensure good adhesion of the Cu. A homogeneous and thick Cu seed layer was deposited on the samples after the desmear treatment. The 2,2'-Dipyridyl additive significantly improves the seed layer quality. SPS, PEG, and JGB additives are necessary to ensure defect-free bottom-up super filling.