• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 2016

Tabulis [Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.] has the potential for becoming a useful horticultural crop. This study was conducted to classify the seed dormancy types and to identify the germination conditions that improve the horticultural usefulness of this plant. We found that A. tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. produced undifferentiated embryos and had a low germination rate of under 50%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption. Therefore, A. tabularis seeds were designated as morphologically dormant. The germination rate was highest (86.3%) at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions. Higher temperatures generally led to an acceleration of the germination process, regardless of light condition. To improve the germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators, such as $GA_3$ and kinetin, as well as minerals such as $KNO_3$ and KCl. An analysis of germination characteristics at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions revealed that treatment with 200 and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to an excellent germination rate of 97.0%. Treatment with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to a better germination rate than the control as well. However, treatment with kinetin, $KNO_3$, and KCl had no effect on germination, regardless of concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2008

In this study, about 80 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) ecotypes native to Korea were collected annually to analyze their morphology and growth characteristics from 1995 to 2007. Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes with superior characteristics of 'Pureundle' (Trial No. : P38), 'Sewon' (P77), 'Inje' (00034), 'Donggang' (00052), 'Hwasun' (01001), 'Pyengchang' (01071), 'Kongju' (02006), 'Chungsong' (02077), and 'Kumsan' (03005) and three foreign cultivars were transplanted to flowerpots in May 8, 2006 in order to analyze the blooming and morphological characteristics. Out of the selected superior ecotyes, six were collected on the roadsides, two were collected around paddy or dry fields, and one was collected at riverside. Length of 1st internode of 'Chungsong' was the longest (30.7cm), that of 'Pyengchang' was the shortest (12.8cm), and ecotypes showed variation in length. The 1st angle of branches of 'Donggang' was the narrowest ($141.7^{\circ}$), that of 'Hwasun' was the widest ($188.3^{\circ}$), and that of the introduced foreign cultivars were between $159.3^{\circ}$ and $166.7^{\circ}$. The number of nodes of the introduced cultivars were same (six), while that of Korean ecotypes were four to six. Length of flowering culm of 'Chungsong' was the longest (50.7cm) and while that of 'Pyengchang' was the shortest (19.2cm). 'Donggang' with the highest seed yield showed relatively high (36.8cm) inflorescence height when compared to other ecotypes. The five ecotypes of 'Sewon', 'Inje', 'Donggang', 'Pyengchang', and 'Kongju' were investigated to have relatively wide leaf width. Especially 'Sewon' and 'Inje' were investigated to have wide leaves of 4.5mm and over.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify the morphological characteristics and variations level by site environment of native bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) from costal and island region in South Korea. Soil chemical properties and morphological characteristics were investigated. There were significant differences in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, cotton on leaf blade, stolon, and number of seed per spike depending on where they were collected from natural habitat. We have discovered a variety of variation among the investigated traits in Korean native bermudagrass ecotypes. There were broad leaf and fine leaf types of native bermudgarass in S. Korea. Adaptability was in very high on inadequate environment in bermudagrass with broad leaf types, it has also been suggested that management worth in terms of use. These results may provide basic information for bermudagrass breeding development and the collected types during this investigation would be worth being preserved as genetic resources for further breeding purposes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1195-1198
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• 2006

The importance of wild plant resources along with the development of high biotecyhnology is highlighted for exploitation of new materials which can make the added value. The goal of this study is providing fundamental data bases for developing new materials through the analyses of morphological characteristics, antibiotics and molecular cytogenetics in Baegseon (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.). Baegseon has several characteristics; there are two types of flower color, pink and white, the seed germination starts about February 20th, the maximum flowering season is around May 17th in southern Korea, the growth period is about 60 days. The number of chromosomes are 2n=2x=36, the size of chromosomes in metaphase is $4.2{\sim}8.1{\mu}m$. The amount of 2C nuclear DNA is 1.93pg, and there is no variation of genome size amoung varieties. The extraction juice of baegseon young roots has the excellent antibiotic activity against the mold (Botrytis cinerea).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.489-495
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• 2001

The effect of ozone-water treatment on the morphological change of endosperm cells and the activity of acid phosphatase during Glycine max germination was investigated with electron microscope. Acid phosphatase showed the activity in the cell organelles of germinating endosperm of seed. it's activity occurrs in 12 hrs cultivation after 0.5 ppm ozone-water treatment. As the differentiation of endosperm, reaction products of the acid phosphatase appear to be accumulated invacuole after treatment of ozone-water. This result confirm that acid phosphatase is inveolved in the decomposition and translation of the intracellular storage materials. The characteristics of grganelle in the endosperm cell during germination were discussed.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2020

Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim. (Series Nepalensia), which had been known to be restricted to Japan, was newly discovered from Mt. Cheongtae in Yeonggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do, located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Species identification was confirmed using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data, while comparing with materials obtained from Japan and herbarium specimens. Chrysosplenium grayanum is clearly distinguished from the remaining taxa of the genus Chrysosplenium by having glabrous plant body, opposite leaves, cylindrical papillae with roundish head at the tip on the smooth seed surface, and four stamens. Molecular sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, chloroplast rbcL and matK genes strongly supported that this previously unknown Chrysosplenium species from Korea is C. grayanum. Taking the molecular and the morphological evidence into consideration, it is clear that newly discovered Chrysosplenium population in Korea is conspecific with the widely distributed C. grayanum in Japan. In this paper, we provide a description, illustration, and photo images of Chrysosplenium grayanum from Korea and also a key to the Chrysosplenium species in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.1007-1018
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• 2019

In the present study, according to morphological observations followed by recent circumscriptions, we have classified the Korean taxa of the family Linderniaceae into Scrophulariaceae sensu lato has been considered in several works, though the taxa have remained undefined because identification work was mostly done according to vegetative morphological features, such as the leaf shape, leaf margins, and leaf venation. The taxa of Linderniaceae are mostly considered to be weeds and, for correct identification, it is necessary to clarify their taxonomic characteristics. Morphological studies were carried out using samples collected in the field. Micro-morphological observations of the vegetative and floral parts were also performed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We concluded that important characteristics are reproductive morphologies viz. calyx, stamen structure, capsule shape, calyx ratio with capsule, inflorescence morphology, and seed morphology. As a result, we formulated taxa descriptions and provided a key of the genera of Linderniaceae in Korea. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. is transferred to Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl. Lindernia micrantha D. Don and L. angustifolia (Benth.) Wettstein are a synonym of Vandellia micrantha (D. Don) Eb. Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll. Lindernia attenuata Muhl. and L. dubia var. major (Pursh) Pennell are a synonym of Lindernia dubia (L.). Lindernia verbenifolia (Colsm.) Pennell is a synonym of Bonnaya antipoda Druce. Our study reports the presence of four genera: Bonnaya, Lindernia, Torenia, and Vandellia, comprising six taxa under the family Linderniaceae in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and optimal germination conditions in seeds of Arabis pendula L., a traditionally edible and medicinal plant. The external seed shape was circular-obovate with narrow wings and dark brown. The seed length and width were 1.25 mm and 1.47 mm, respectively. The seeds were exalbuminous and the embryo was a bent type. Seed germination was the highest (49.7%) at $20^{\circ}C$ under dark conditions among the various temperature and light conditions applied. However, under the dark condition, the seedling was weak, overgrown, and the cotyledons were small and folded. To improve the germination and growth of seedlings, the seeds were pre-treated with $GA_3$ solutions of varying concentrations (0, 200, 500, and 1,000 mg/L). The seed germination and seedling growth were effectively improved by $GA_3$ pre-treatment. The germination rate was the highest (97.3%), mean germination time was the shortest (8.1 days), and a vigorous growth of seedlings was observed upon pre-soaking the seeds in 500 mg/L $GA_3$ solution. In conclusion, the best method for germination was pre-soaking in 500 mg/L $GA_3$ ($4^{\circ}C$, dark, 24 h) and incubating the seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ for 15 days.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.580-587
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• 2023

Androsace septentrionalis is a grass species restricted to North Korea; however, it is at the brink of extinction due to habitat loss and environmental changes caused by natural disasters and anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to characterize the dormancy conditions of A. septentrionalis in an effort to conserve this North Korean plant resource. For this purpose, the morphological characteristics and vigor of A. septentrionalis seeds were examined, and its germination characteristics under different temperature conditions (15/6℃ and 25/15℃ ), low-temperature stratification, and gibberellin (GA₃) treatment were determined. The results revealed that A. septentrionalis exhibits non-deep type morpho-physiological dormancy, and low-temperature stratification treatment was not effective in breaking the dormancy of A. septentrionalis seeds. Meanwhile, GA₃ treatment significantly increased the mean germination time, rate, and speed of the seeds. The optimal conditions for the germination of A. septentrionalis seeds were 25/15℃ fluctuating temperature and 500 mg·L¹ GA₃ treatment. The results of this study are useful for the mass propagation of A. septentrionalis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 1986

Anatomical changes in the forming and germinating processes of tobacco seeds were investigated to obtain basic information on the ecological characteristics of tobacco seeds. Seed development studied through the longitudinal section of the fertilized ovule clarified that the cell division of the zygote was initiated after 7 days of flowering. After 12 days of flowering, perfect seed constituents such as cotyledon, epicotyle and radicle were formed and those were expressed to recognizable level of germinability. After 15 days of flowering germination rate reached higher than 30% and 17 and 21 days after flowering a perfect seed which have 70% or higher germinability were produced. Seed size was ranged between 0.3-0.6 mm and varietal differences were noted in the given seed size range. Under the light treatment, the morphological changes were observed by elongation of radicle after 2 days of imbibition and apparent germination after 3 days of imbibition. But no responses of the seeds imbibed 6 days under the dark condition were observed.