• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.653-659
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum amount of apricot seed powder to add to rice flour in oder to prepare Sulgidduk (traditional rice cakes). As the apricot seed powder level of the Sulgidduk increased, the moisture contents of the samples decreased (40.30~43.46%), and the color of L- and a-values also decreased, while the b-value increased. According to instrumental test results, hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and adhesiveness were all highest in the 0% apricot seed powder sample. The cohesiveness of samples did not show a conclusive relationship with the level of apricot seed powder present. In sensory evaluation results, the 3% and 6% samples received high overall acceptability scores. In conclusion, based on both sensory and instrumental testing, the optimal Sulgidduk mixture consisted of 3~6% apricot seed powder added to rice flour.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.78-90
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to make ramyon from Korean cultured wheat by adding with hot water extract powder from safflower seed in order to add the value of it. The cooking quality, instrumental texture and sensory characteristics of ramyon were analyzed. The ramyons with 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7% of hot water extract powder(HEP) from safflower seed, control, and those with 3% and 5% of dried powder(DP) from safflower seed were compared. The yield of HEP was 7.8%. Lightness, redness, Max. weight, strength, hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness were measured. As the amounts of HEP and DP was increasing, ramyons smelled stronger and was getting harder and chewier, while became less transparent and had no difference in elasticity and adhesiveness. In overall acceptability, both control and ramyon with HEP had similar points. From three important factors, appearance, color and smell to make ramyon more acceptable, addition of 0.3～0.5% of hot water extract powder from safflower seed was found to be the best. However, further studies on smells are needed to make processed foodstuffs with safflower seed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 1997

All landscapes are mosaics of habitat patches of different types. Therefore, there are always edged between habitat patches in a landscape. Forest animal has an important role in vegetation development and maintenance by seed dispersal around forest. Movement of animals depends on the spatially heterogeneous structure and pattern of vegetation landscapes because each animal has special habitats in a landscape. Especially, forast edge with high permeability and prey density is one of the important habitats to the animals. Therefore, understanding the ecological characteristics of the forest edges as a corridor connecting mosaic vegetation patches is necessa교 새 establish the strategies for the nature conservation and sustainable vegetation management. Under this idea, we examined the animal influenced on pine seeds as one of the method of monitoring the animal activity in mosaic vegetation. Man-made mosaic vegetations including open, edge and inner forests were carefully selected in the rural landscape. We carried out predation test on pine seeds during one year. A result was that damages on seed was more significant at forest edge than inner and open forest. Pine seed on seedbeds was mainly attacked by squirrels and mice than birds. Pine seed was damaged by squirrels in different types of vegetation by seasons. Rate of seed predation at forest edge was, in special, higher than that of other sites. According to this results, it is suggested that the relationship between animal behavior and spatial vegetation structure relating to human impact such as the distance from settlement to vegetation appeares to be in the rural vegetation landscape.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.253.1-253.1
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• 2014

Plasma technology has been widely used for decontamination, differentiation, and disease treatment. Recently, studies show that plasma has effects on increasing seed germination and plant growth. In spite of increasing number of studies about plasma effects, the interaction between plasma and plants has been rarely informed. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma on seed germination and growth of coriander (Coriandum sativum), a medicinal plant. We used to Ar, air, and N2 plasma on seed as feeding gases. Plasma was discharged at 0.62 kV, 200 mA, 9.2 W. Seed germination was increased over time when treated with N2 based DBD plasma for exposure times of 30 seconds and 1 minute, everyday. After 7 days, about 80~100% of seeds were germinated in the treatment with N2 based DBD plasma, compared to control (about 40%, only gas treated seeds). In order to elucidate the mechanism of increased germination, we have analyzed characteristics of changes in plant hormones and seed surface structure by SEM.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the seed layer with copper electroplating on the surface morphology of copper foil. Three kinds of seed metal such as platinum, palladium, Pt-Pd alloy were used in this study. Electrodeposition was carried out with the constant current density of 200 $mA/cm^2$ for 68 seconds. Electrochemical experiments, in conjunction with SEM, XRD, AFM and four-point probe, were performed to characterize the morphology and mechanical characteristics of copper foil. Large particles were observed on the surface of the copper deposition layer when a copper foil was electroplated on the 130 nm thickness of Pd, Pt-Pd seed layer. However, a homogeneous surface, low resistivity was obtained when the 260 nm thickness of Pt, Pt-Pd alloy seed layer was used. The minimum value of resistivity was 2.216 ${\mu}{\Omega}-cm$ at the 260 nm thickness of Pt-Pd seed layer.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.808-816
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• 1990

The thermal behavior of transformation and characteristics of seeded sample powders prepared by simultaneous $\alpha$-Al2O3 seed addition with water on the Al-sec-butoxide hydrolysis were studied. $\alpha$-Al2O3 seed particles are shown to act as nuclei for transformation of $\theta$-to $\alpha$-Al2O3 and to result in an increase in thetransformation kinetics and lowering of the transformation temperature by as much as 143$^{\circ}C$. Simultaneous seed addition on the hydrolysis resulted in uniform dispersin and creation of nucleation site on seed surface and only 0.1wt% seeding lowered the transformation temperature by as much as 115$^{\circ}C$. For 3wt% seed addition, $\alpha$-Al2O3 single phase was obtained at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 100 minutes and the specific surface area of products were lowered to 11.9$m^2$/g as compared with that of $\alpha$-Al2O3 powder prepared without seed at 115$0^{\circ}C$ ; 15.1$m^2$/g due to depression of vermicular structure growth.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.600-607
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• 2005

포도씨을 이용한 고부가가치의 포도씨유 제조기술 개발 및 시제품을 생산하기위해 먼저 일반 재배 및 유기농 재배 포도로부터 각각 수거된 포도씨의 수율, 및 기능성성분(지방산, 피토스테롤, 토코페롤, 총카테킨 및 4가지 카테킨 조성)의 차이를 측정하여 비교하였다. 다음, 용매추출법과 화학적 정제방법에의한 포도씨로부터 고품질의 포도씨유의 제조기술을 개발하고 시제품을 생산하한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반 재배 및 유기농 재배 포도로부터 얻어진 포도씨유 및 추출물의 수율 그리고 기능성성분(지방산, 피토스테롤, 토코페롤, 총카테킨 및 4가지 카테킨류)의 함량을 측정한 후 비교한 결과 대체적으로 일반 재배 및 유기농 재배 포도씨의 기능성성분의 함량에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 건조포도씨(1.0톤)를 볶음처리 후 분쇄하여 노르말-헥산으로 탈지하고 얻은 포도씨 원유를 탈검($0.15\%$ 인산) 및 탈산($20\%$ NaOH 용액) 처리 후 수증기증류 장치($240^{\circ}C$, 2시간, 5 mmHg)를 이용하여 탈색, 탈향 및 탈취공정을 차례로 거치면서 고품질의 포도씨유의 제조기술을 확립하였으며, 아울러 그로부터 최종 포도씨유 제품(50kg, 수율: $5.0\%$/건조 포도씨)을 생산하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2009

연자육 분말을 밀가루 중량에 대해 0, 5, 10, 15, 20%를 첨가하여 제조한 빵의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 빵의 일반성분을 조사한 결과 연자육 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분, 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분과 조섬유 함량 등이 증가하였다. pH는 대조구 보다 연자육 분말 첨가구가 높게 나타났다. 빵 무게는 연자육 분말 첨가량이 증가할 수 록 증가하였으며, 부피는 감소하였다. 빵의 비용적은 연자육 분말 첨가구가 $3.59{\sim}4.68\;mL/g$이었고, 대조구는 5.12 mL/g이었다. 연자육 분말 5%, 15%, 20% 첨가구에서 굽기 손실율은 각각 8.95%, 8.17%, 7.67%로 나타났다. 연자육 분말을 첨가한 빵의 crumb와 crust 색도를 측정한 결과, 연자육 분말 첨가량을 증가할 수 록 명도 L 값은 감소하였으나 적색도인 a 값과 황색도인 b 값은 증가하였다. 연자육 분말 첨가량을 증가할 수 록 빵의 경도와 점착성은 증가하였으나 탄력성은 감소하였다. 연자육 분말 첨가 빵의 관능검사 결과, 향미, 조직감, 전체적인 기호도는 연자육 분말 10% 첨가구가 가장 높은 점수를 보였으며, 색도와 조직감은 5% 첨가구가 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 결과를 종합해 볼 때 연자육 분말 $5{\sim}10%$를 첨가할 경우 기능성 빵으로 개발 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2015

The study was initiated with Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) to investigate germination and early establishment characteristics of new cultivars for a practical application to turfgrass establishment such as parks, athletic field and golf course etc. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in different experiments. An alternative condition for a KB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$ (natural conditions). Seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time were measured in both experiments. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and cultivars. It was 75.25 to 89.50% under ISTA conditions and 75.75 to 90.25% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among KB cultivars according to different environments. Early germination characteristics showed that all cultivars were 3 to 5 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% to 80%, was much faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Midnight' under ISTA conditions. But it was faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Odyssey' under natural conditions. Differences was also observed in germination peak time with cultivars and growing conditions. It ranged 5.94 to 14.88 days under ISTA conditions and 4.71 to 13.06 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest cultivars were 'Odyssey' and 'Midnight II'. The longest ones were 'Nuglade' under ISTA condition and 'Moonlight' under natural conditions. Considering germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time, 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Midnight', and 'Odyssey' were regarded as excellent cultivars under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Odyssey', and 'Courtyard' under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for investigating the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper cultivar selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before turfgrass establishment such as golf course construction.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2002

The cyryptographic strength of a Feistel cipher depends strongly on the properties of its S-boxes, which are the strict avalanche criterion(SAC), the propagation criterion(PC) and GAC(the global avalanche criterion). In this paper global avalanche characteristics of S-boxes of the SEED are in-vestigated and compared to global avalanche characteristics of S-boxes of S-boxes of the Data Encryption Standard(DES).