• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.100-105
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• 2004

The difference of whiteness, brightness and lightness was clearly explained in this paper through the use of a tinting dye and a fluorescent whitening agent which are commercially wide]y used to make paper look whiter. Other optical properties such as tint, color shade, and color difference were also discussed. It was suggested that in comparing two tinting dyes, lightness $(L^*)$ is the most important property to be compared, while whiteness data should be used in caution in order not to surpass its significant range, and $a^*,\;b^*$ values can also be used to see the change of color shades together with ${\Delta}E$ as color difference. In comparing two fluorescent whitening agents, whiteness or brightness values are most important to be compared, but lightness values are not suitable fur this purpose; $a^*,\;b^*$ and color difference ${\Delta}E$ can also be referred, but with less significance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.21-29
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to see how a country's level of democracy impacts the relationship between financial development and income disparity. We argue that political regimes, supported by their degree of democracy, are important for various decentralization theories to predict the impact of financial development on income inequality. Our study tests this argument using Vietnam time series data for the period 2000-2020 through the ARDL model. The financial development variable is represented by five proxies, the income inequality variable is represented by the GINI coefficient and the role of democracy is represented by the Freedom House Index. Data serving for the study is taken from data sources with high reliability. The results of the study have strong evidence that (1) financial development has a positive impact on income inequality, (2) democratic government will reduce national income inequality. (3) And a higher degree of democracy tends to mitigate the positive impact of financial development on income inequality. Thus, our study contributes to the literature by providing a new look at the mixed results regarding the relationship between financial development and theoretical income inequality. Finally, the article provides policy implications for the Government of Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.595-605
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• 2021

The objectives of this research are to see if the phenomena of "demand following" and "supply leading" exist in the business cycle, as well as to look at how liquidity and output react to changes in credit risk, investment-saving gap, inflation, exchange rate, and growth rate of real national output. Employing quarterly data of Maluku and North Maluku (2008-2019), this study utilizes VAR/VECM for inferential analysis. This research found three important findings. First, liquidity and output growth influenced each other in the long run. Second, the determinants of output growth for Maluku are liquidity, investment-saving gap, and inflation, while the determinants of liquidity are output-growth, the gap of investment-saving, and inflation. Third, the determinants of output growth for North Maluku are liquidity, credit risk, investment-saving gap, inflation, exchange rate, and the national output-growth, while the determinants of liquidity are output-growth, credit risk, investment-saving gap, inflation, exchange rate, and national output-growth. The findings of this study supported the hypothesis of demand following and supply leading theory in the Maluku and North Maluku business cycles. This study concludes that economic development would improve if supported by liquidity adequacy through increased deposit growth.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.82.1-82.1
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• 2019

Recent analyses of spectro-images of Saturn observed by Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS)/Cassini revealed altitudinal distributions of the spectral structure of haze in Saturn's south-polar regions (Kim et al., 2018) and at $55^{\circ}N$ latitude (Kim et al., 2012). However, other regions of Saturn still have not been investigated. We derived series of high-spatial resolution VIMS images of Saturn's limb at various latitudes. Using our developed code, the altitudinal intensity profiles of $3.3-{\mu}m$ emission and H3+ through different latitudes were plotted. Then we obtained the averaged vertical spectra of $3.3-{\mu}m$ emission which is all blended with fluorescent methane and hydrocarbon haze. The vertically-resolved spectra were measured from the limb of Saturn in 50km intervals to see altitudinal variance. We will present a comparison of spectral structures of $3.3-{\mu}m$ emission with different latitudes. Further investigation using radiative transfer to extract adjacent fluorescent CH4, C2H6, and H3+ is needed to derive spectral structure of pure haze. We look forward to a better understanding of aging process in a global view.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2019

The ultimate aim of this study is to diagnose the process stage and look at the step change of transition process to see how the step changes. Therefore, in this study, cluster analysis was conducted by examining four types of commercial characteristics such as Retail Homogeneity, Share of Neighbourhood store, Share of chain store, and Share of cafe & Western food store. Through the cluster analysis, three types have been identified. Type1 is the first step which can explain the time before gentrification occurs and when the ratio of neighborhood facilities is the highest. Type2 is the second step that can explain boutique stage where the gentrification occurs. At this time, the ratio of Cafes & Western food restaurant increased and the proportion of neighborhood shops decreased. And Type3, third step is when the mature gentrification occurs. In the analysis of the transition period, it is necessary to monitor the change of the industry in the period from the first stage to the second stage. In the transition period from the second stage to the third stage, It is necessary to constantly monitor such factors as the increase of shops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.145-164
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• 1997

Cinema costume can stimulate the public to synchronize with and replicate what they see in the movies. Especially when the public thinks the stars in the movies . Especially when the public thinks the stars in the movies are beautiful or dramatic the styles of cinema costumes powerfully affect them. Thus cinema costume designers quickey become fashion designers. Edith Head who strongly believed cinema costumes to be an effective means of portraying the Character's personality and psychological make-up was an innovative designer whose costumes manifested this belief. She enhanced the character's individual image and distinction for the public through her artistic design in costumes. She adapted a realistic approach but her costumes invariably produced aesthetic ef-fects. Since the Academy Awards added the category of costume design she led the field with 35 nominations and eight oscars during 33 years of her productive work. Edith head was a dominant figure in costume design; her creations were highly renowned as an art form while they gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to reveal the ef-fects of Edith Head's cinema costume designs on fashion. This study was also to emphasize the powerful influence on ashion of cinema costume and cinema costume designers in general. The study was done through literature movies for which she created costumes fashion magazines and Edith Head's original sketches. The influence of Edith Head's costume de-sign on fashion is as follows: 1. She introduced and lead the casual fashion in the 1950's combining simplicity and sophistication. 2. She altered uniforms and reconstructed public clothing for multiple functions. 3. She rearranged high school prom dresses through the movie 'A Place in the Sun" to en-hance characteristic of each gender and the Dandy Look of the 1930's into men's apparel in the 1970's through the movie "The Sting" 4. She expanded the traditional style in the 1940's and became a leader in ecological style. 5. She adapted glitter from astronaut's ap-parel into public clothing. 6. She resturctured Sabrina Pants in the 1960's to accentuate the individuals strength by overcoming one's weakness without minimi-zing it's aesthetic appeal and reintroduced the pants in the 1990's. 7. She introduced elegant negligees to gen-eral public and maintained it in the public do-main. As it is revealed Edith Head's costume de-sign not only impacted the field of fashion dur-ing her time but also is presently influencing modern fashion throughout the world as it is witnessed by repeated reintroduction of her fashion styles. Reviewing her cinema costumes it is concluded that cinema costumes it is concluded that cinema costumes powerfully af-fect the public through a visual channel more than any other routes. Cinema costumes can become the origin of fashion by stimulating the public to synchronize with and replicate what they see in the movies. Since cinema costumes can launch fashion trend it requires further research. Based on what is revealed in this study. it would be beneficial to examine how cinema costumes affect people socially and culturally and how they could provide resources for re-search in fashion trends. It is also the writers opinion that there should be more designers such as Edith head who could lead the field of costume design into the twenty-first century.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.12-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to look for an environmental design method based on open narrative structure, and to promote various experiences and interpretations of space through user's engagements. That is to say, the designer does not lead specific events through separate Boning but using the continuous open composition users are provided with margins for their imaginations. Spatial formulation through open narrative structure gives us various thoughts and it plays an important role in making a sequential space. Like an abstract painting, it is a complex story making or arranging a montage of images containing stories that elicit the reader's engagement through diverse interpretations. Like this, open composition exists in an ambiguous state and it is possible to interpret unfinished‘evolving work’within it. Utilizing open narrative structure, this study attempts to apply the idea of sequencing and open composition in the case of designing Arirang Culture Park. Open composition should induce various engagements by users and could be a medium which organically connects nature, culture and people. The spatial strategies of‘ambiguity’ and‘transparency’are like a bundle of complex and heterogeneous factors. Finally, the study focuses on the ‘integration’of the main ideas that compose multilayered space. ‘Voidness’and‘thickening’are also used for spatial strategies in open narrative structure. As alternative plans for undecided programs of the space, the voidness can be a strategic design program with flexibility about changes of futures. Also, thickening can be a strategic design program for functional reinforcement of the space, for the dramatic effects and for the generation of incidental events. Although both voidness and thickening seem paradoxical, we can see they are similar in the way that both focus on various spatial uses and by how they do not function as one-to-one correspondence, but as multiple correspondences. Therefore, open narrative structure is possible to apply in designing space and it can be an alternative design strategy for inducing multiple interpretations of space.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.1-33
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• 2018

In contemporary performance arts, we can see diverse types of performances that use advanced technology and visual media. It is notable that animation based on narratives and images, is grafted on to performance arts. Cases emerge that introduce animation in opera performances as part of a new stagecraft. Regietheater that turns on directors' interpretation, has been expanded in full scale through major music festivals and theaters through many different attempts to embody. In this state, recently visual media have been actively employed in opera performances. It has led to expansion of time and space along with more attempts. Not least of all, introduction of animation has been conducive to reinforcing functionality of opera performances in many aspects. This study suggests requirements for ideal Regietheater production in opera performances. For this end, the functions of animation strategically used are evaluated through analyzing $Zauberfl{\ddot{o}}te$)> production of Komische Oper Berlin. Through this research, this study is to look deeply into effects created from new and different attempts by grafting animation on to opera performances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.609-612
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• 2021

Government agencies and companies are establishing and promoting digital transformation strategies in various industrial fields, and are leading the era of the 4th industrial revolution through successful technological innovation. In this time of change, we can see many stories of global companies Nike and Starbucks as successful examples of digital transformation. These two companies are showing successful results through digital transformation. Domestic companies are also conducting digital innovation based on mobile, cloud, IoT, artificial intelligence, and AR/VR technologies, and are establishing RPA (Robotic Process Automation) processes for high efficiency and high productivity. In this paper, we introduce the 3D digital twin space construction automation process technique using data from the entire construction cycle of design, construction, and maintenance of the construction industry, and look into the digital transformation strategy of the construction industry in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.472-474
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• 2022

This content prevents the elderly living in nursing homes from going out or traveling due to the long-term COVID-19 situation. Through the content, it was designed to allow visitors to see the Sokcho City Museum, where objects that can reminisce about the elderly's childhood are displayed. It is expected that the explanation inside the city museum will be delivered through voice through narration, so that even the elderly who do not know Korean will be able to enjoy the content with interest. And after enough time to look around, it is intended to represent the elements that interact, so that the gap with reality is felt a little less. In the current long-term COVID-19 situation, not only can the elderly living in nursing homes prevent depression, but also can practice remembering their childhood memories, which will have a positive effect on dementia prevention.