• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2010

This study investigated the effect of addition of pumpkin on the physicochemical properties of rice sponge cakes. Water retention capacity(WRC) was lowest in control preparations to which no pumpkin flour was added. WRC increased as more pumpkin flour was added and rice flour with 25% of added pumpkin flour showed a WRC of 89.0%. Similar to WRC, alkaline water retention capacity(AWRC) also increased as more pumpkin flour was added and ranged from 69.7% to 80.7%. As the amount of pumpkin flour added increased, the pH increased. Similar to the sedimentation value, the Pelshenke value also increased as the amount of the added pumpkin flour increased. The gelatinization temperature did not vary significantly between the samples(p<0.05). The midline peak height, which is the height of the peak point from the baseline, showed the same tendency with that of the midline peak time, but was not significantly different between samples(p<0.05). Volume was decreased as the amount of the added pumpkin flour increased. The weight of the rice sponge cakes showed significant difference increasing with the increasing added pumpkin flour(p<0.05). There was significant difference as the specific loaf volume decreased with the increasing pumpkin flour(p<0.05).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 1984

한국산 소맥육성계통(小麥育成系統)에 대한 소맥분(小麥粉)의 이화학적(理化享的) 특성(特性)과 쿠키제조적성에 관하여 검토하였다. AWRC는 침전가(沈澱價). Pelshenke value 및 단백질함량과는 각각 $r=0.50^{**}$, $r=0.45^{**}$ 및 $r=0.47^{**}$의 정(正)의 유의상관(有意相關)이 있었고, 구키직경과 AWRC 및 단백질함량은 각각 $r=-0.98^{**}$및 $r=-0.46^{**}$의 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 있었다. Fa-ninograph absorption과 AWRC 및 쿠키직경과는 $r=0. 77^{**}$ 및 $r=-0.73$의 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었으며,Farino graph band width와 AWRC는 $r=-0.49^{**}$,쿠키직경과는 $r=0.44^{**}$의 상관(相關)이 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

The coastline influenced naturally and artificially changes dynamically. While the long-term change is influenced by the rise in the surface of the sea and the changes in water level of the rivers, the short-term change is influenced by the tide, earthquake and storm. Also, man-made thoughtless development such as construction of embankment and reclaimed land not considering erosion and deformation of coast has been causes for breaking functions of coast and damages on natural environment. In order to manage coastal environment and resources effectively, In this study is intended to analyze and predict erosion in coastal environment and changes in sedimentation quantitatively by detecting changes in coastal line from data collection for satellite images and aerial LiDAR data. The coastal line in 2007 and 2012 was extracted by manufacturing Digital Surface Model (DSM) with Aviation LiDAR materials. For the coastal line in 2009 and 2010, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method was used to extract the KOMPSAT-2 image selected after considering tide level and wave height. The change rate of the coastal line is varied in line with the forms of the observation target but most of topography shows a tendency of being eroded as time goes by. Compared to the relatively monotonous beach of Taean, the gravel and rock has very complex form. Therefore, there are more errors in extraction of coastlines and the combination of transect and shoreline, which affect overall changes. Thus, we think the correction of the anomalies caused by these properties is required in the future research.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2016

Nanosized zeolites were prepared in an autoclave using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), and $H_2O$, at various hydrothermal synthesis temperatures. Using transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis, the nanopowder particulate sizes were revealed to be 10-300 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanopowder was silicalite-1 zeolite. Using atomic layer deposition, the fabricated zeolite nanopowder particles were coated with nanoscale $TiO_2$ films. The $TiO_2$ films were prepared at $300^{\circ}C$ by using $Ti[N(CH_3)_2]_4$ and $H_2O$ as precursor and reactant gas, respectively. In the TEM analysis, the growth rate was ${\sim}0.7{\AA}/cycle$. Zeta potential and sedimentation test results indicated that, owing to the electrostatic repulsion between $TiO_2$-coated layers on the surface of the zeolite nanoparticles, the dispersibility of the coated nanoparticles was higher than that of the uncoated nanoparticles. In addition, the effect of the coated nanoparticles on the photodecomposition was studied for the irradiation time of 240 min; the concentration of methylene blue was found to decrease to 48%.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

This paper was made to evaluate the effect of the blending ration of GCC and No. 1 clay on the printability by investigating the structure of pore such as the pore rate, the number of pores, pore size and distribution of coated paper. The coated structure is mainly depended on the results of correlation between pigment and binder. It means that the structure of the pore occurred is chiefly affected by the blending ratio of GCC and No. 1 clay. This physical properties of the pore have a close relation with ink set-off associated with the drying rate and the penetration in ink into base paper and with printing gloss. Therefore it was needed to find out how the pore structure and the printability will be changed by modifying the blending ratio of GCC and No. 1 clay to vary the pore structure of coated paper. Below are the results of measurement: As the blending ratio of clay going up, water retention, sedimentation volume. smoothness, and paper gloss were increased, but relatively brightness and opacity were decreased. Pore rate was the highest at the blending ratio of No. 1 clay to GCC, 70:30. In this case, average pore radius was also increased. Ink receptivity and K&N ink receptivity were improved with the increase of the blending ratio of GCC, where was, ink setting was vice versa. No difference was observed in the weight of ink, but ink repellance decrease with the decrease of blending ratio of GCC.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2014

We have five soil series of pan soils in South Korea out of 391 series: Gangreung, Bugog, Yeongog, Jangweon, and Pogog. Productivity decreases in pan soils as pan horizons impede percolation and capillary rise of water and interrupt root extension. This study was performed to investigate pedogenic processes of pan soils mainly located in footslope and river terrace by analyzing physicochemical properties and soil micro-morphology. Korean pan soils belong to Alfisols, Ultisols, or Inceptisols and have udic or aquic soil moisture regime, mesic temperature regime, and mixed mineral substances. Texture of pan horizons selected for the present study was mainly silty clay loam with clay contents ranging from 26.3 to 45.3%. Bulk density of the pan horizons ranged from 1.4 to $2.1Mg\;m^{-3}$ and their soil structure were subangular or angular structure. In terms of micro-morphological structure, Bt horizon of Gangreung series was formed as platy and striated b-fabric structure possibly affected by uplift of coastal terrace following clay sedimentation by flood. Jangweon series showed micro-morphology of massive structure and crystallic b-fabric as macropores between coarse debris established by debris fall in slope were filled with silt-sized particles. The Bt horizons having massive structure and striated b-fabric in Yeongog, Pogog, and Bugog series implies that those horizons experienced horizontal mass flow after clay accumulation.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2019

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has proved to be an effective tool in applied environmental nanotechnology, where the decreased particle diameter provides a drastic change in the properties and efficiency of nanomaterials used in water purification. However, the agglomeration and colloidal instability represent a problematic and a remarkable reduction in nZVI reactivity. In view of that, this study reports a simple and cost-effective new strategy for ultra-small (< 7.5%) distributed functionalized nZVI-EG (1-9 nm), with high colloidal stability and reduction capacity. These were obtained without inert conditions, using a simple, economical synthesis methodology employing two stabilization mechanisms based on the use of non-aqueous solvent (methanol) and ethylene glycol (EG) as a stabilizer. The information from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggests iron ion coordination by interaction with methanol molecules. Subsequently, after nZVI formation, particle-surface modification occurs by the addition of the EG. Size distribution analysis shows an average diameter of 4.23 nm and the predominance (> 90%) of particles with sizes < 6.10 nm. Evaluation of the stability of functionalized nZVI by sedimentation test and a dynamic light-scattering technique, demonstrated very high colloidal stability. The ultra-small particles displayed a rapid and high nitrate removal capacity from water.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2019

Soft marine soil has high fine-grained soil content and in-situ water content. Thus, it has low shear strength and bearing capacity and is susceptible to a large settlement, which leads to difficulties with coastal infrastructure construction. Therefore, strength improvement and settlement control are essential considerations for construction on soft marine soil deposits. Biopolymers show their potential for improving soil stability, which can reduce the environmental drawbacks of conventional soil treatment. This study used two biopolymers, an anionic xanthan gum biopolymer and a cationic ${\varepsilon}-polylysine$ biopolymer, as representatives to enhance the geotechnical engineering properties of soft marine soil. Effects of the biopolymers on marine soil were analyzed through a series of experiments considering the Atterberg limits, shear strength at a constant water content, compressive strength in a dry condition, laboratory consolidation, and sedimentation. Xanthan gum treatment affects the Atterberg limits, shear strength, and compressive strength by interparticle bonding and the formation of a viscous hydrogel. However, xanthan gum delays the consolidation procedure and increases the compressibility of soils. While ${\varepsilon}-polylysine$ treatment does not affect compressive strength, it shows potential for coagulating soil particles in a suspension state. ${\varepsilon}-Polylysine$ forms bridges between soil particles, showing an increase in settling velocity and final sediment density. The results of this study show various potential applications of biopolymers. Xanthan gum biopolymer was identified as a soil strengthening material, while ${\varepsilon}-polylysine$ biopolymer can be applied as a soil-coagulating material.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2004

단백질 및 기능성 식품인 Lentinus tuber-regium의 분말을 이용하여 버섯분말의 입도, 이화학적 특성과 제빵시 반죽의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향 및 제빵 적성 등에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 버섯분말 입자크기는 $38\;{\mu}m$에서 $450\;{\mu}m$까지 비교적 큰 입자로 골고루 분포되어 있었으며, 특히 밀가루 입자 크기의 범위에 해당되는 $150\;{\mu}m$이하는 약 64% 정도를 나타냈다. 버섯분말의 일반성분 분석결과 수분 11.32%, 조단백질 11.22%, 회분 2.10%, 조지방 1.60%의 함량을 보였다. 버섯분말 2-10% 첨가에 따른 복합분 반죽의 mixogram 특성 측정 결과 수분 흡수율은 버섯분말 첨가에 따라 67.0-79%로 증가하였으며, peak time, peak height, band width, seven minute height는 대조구과 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. Sedimentation value와 PK value는 버섯의 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 값은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 호화특성 중 호화개시온도는 10% 첨가구외는 대조구와 버섯분말 첨가시 큰 차이가 없었으며, 최고점도는 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 버섯분말 첨가에 의한 제빵특성 중 부피변화는 버섯분말 2, 4% 첨가구가 703.50cc로 가장 큰 값을 나타냈으며, 6% 이상의 첨가구에서는 대조구보다 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 무게 변화는 버섯분말 첨가에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 비체적은 버섯분말 2, 4% 첨가구가 각각 3.98, 3.95cc/g으로 대조구 3.94cc/g보다 높은 값을 보였으나, 버섯분말 6% 이상의 첨가구에서는 첨가량이 증가할수록 비체적이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 버섯분말을 0-10% 수준으로 첨가하여 제조한 빵의 표피와 내부의 색도 변화는 crust 색의 경우 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값, b값이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 a값은 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 값이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Crumb 색중 L값의 변화는 crust에서와는 대조적인 결과로 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 버섯가루를 첨가시켜 제조한 빵의 조직감 측정 결과 springiness와 adhesiveness는 대조구와 버섯분말 첨가구 사이에 유의적 차이가 없었으며 chewiness와 gumminess는 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 값이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Hardness의 경우 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 hardness도 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 버섯분말 2% 첨가구는 대조구와 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 버섯분말 첨가 빵의 $4^{\circ}C$ 및 $25^{\circ}C$ 저장 결과 버섯분말 첨가량은 노화의 진행속도를 빠르게 한다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 버섯분말 첨가 빵의 관능검사 결과 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 모든 측정치의 값이 감소하는 결과를 나타냈다. 버섯분말을 제빵에 이용시 4%까지 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1984

호주산(産) 밀 6종류(種類)에 대(對)한 제분특성(製粉特性)을 $B{\ddot{u}}hler$ test mill로 조사(調査)하고 우리나라 재래종(在來種) 수원 219호와 비교(比較)하였다. 또한 이들로부터 얻어진 밀가루(patent flour)에 대한 반죽형성능력 및 전분(澱粉)호화성질을 Farinograph, Mixograph, Amylograph, 침강시험(沈降試驗) 및 Pelshenke 시험(試驗)등을 통하여 조사(調査)하였다. 호주산(産) 밀의 제분율(製粉率)은 $59{\sim}66%$ 범위(範圍)에 속하였다. 제분율(製粉率)은 천립중(千粒重)과 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)를 나타내었으며 liter 중(重)과는 유의적 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내지 않았다. 이들 밀로부터 얻어진 밀가루의 단백질 함량(含量)은 밀의 종류(種類)에 따라 14.47%에서부터 6.59%로 크게 상이(相異)하였으며 반죽의 물성(物性)도 밀의 종류(種類)에 따라 큰 차이(差異)를 보였다. Australian Prime Hard와 Australian Hard는 강력한 gluten 형성능력을 가진 반면 Australian Standard White와 Australian Soft Wheat는 매우 약(弱)한 gluten 형성능력(形成能力)을 보였다. 한편 Australian Standard White와 Western Australian Wheat는 대단히 높은 호화점도를 가지는 반면 South Australian Wheat는 이례적으로 낮은 호화점도를 보였다.