• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sediment evaluation

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Classification of Soil Creep Hazard Class Using Machine Learning (기계학습기법을 이용한 땅밀림 위험등급 분류)

  • Lee, Gi Ha;Le, Xuan-Hien;Yeon, Min Ho;Seo, Jun Pyo;Lee, Chang Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2021
  • In this study, classification models were built using machine learning techniques that can classify the soil creep risk into three classes from A to C (A: risk, B: moderate, C: good). A total of six machine learning techniques were used: K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting and then their classification accuracy was analyzed using the nationwide soil creep field survey data in 2019 and 2020. As a result of classification accuracy analysis, all six methods showed excellent accuracy of 0.9 or more. The methods where numerical data were applied for data training showed better performance than the methods based on character data of field survey evaluation table. Moreover, the methods learned with the data group (R1~R4) reflecting the expert opinion had higher accuracy than the field survey evaluation score data group (C1~C4). The machine learning can be used as a tool for prediction of soil creep if high-quality data are continuously secured and updated in the future.

Improvements in the Environmental Impact Assessment on Seawater and Sediment Qualities for Coastal Dredging Projects (연안준설 사업에 따른 해양 수질 및 퇴적물 영향평가 개선 방안)

  • Kim, Yeong-Tae;Kim, Gui-Young;Jeon, Kyeong-Am;Lee, Dae-In;Yu, Jun;Kim, Hee-Jung;Kim, In-Chul;Eom, Ki-Hyuk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2013
  • Since the early 2000s, demand for coastal dredging projects have been significantly increased, and the dredged sediments have showed the continuing marked increases through the multiple projects with other coastal development and constructions. As significant or potential degradation of marine environment has been mounting, we checked the current situation of marine environmental impact assessment through marine water and sediment qualities in relation with dredging projects of the sea area utilization consultation statements submitted in 2011. While analysis percentages of the general items were usually higher, harmful components such as metals revealed wide variation of analysis percentages. In the event of analysis of metals, the pre-treatment process (full digestion) and analysis method were not properly implemented in accordance with the guidelines for preparation of consultation statements. Although not specified in the guidelines, verification procedures (tests of recovery efficiency and detection limit) to secure the reliability were almost ignored. As a result, most of developers did conduct poor marine environmental impact assessment on coastal dredging and related projects. We suggested that the responsible government authority should establish new detailed guidelines on the sea area utilization consultation for more strict evaluation and diagnosis of marine environment and distinctly request the developer to obey the guidelines by complementing the system of the sea area utilization consultation.

Occurrence and Behavior Analysis of Soil Erosion by Applying Coefficient and Exponent of MUSLE Runoff Factor Depending on Land Use (국내 토지이용별 MUSLE 유출인자의 계수 및 지수 적용을 통한 토양유실 발생 및 거동 분석)

  • Lee, Seoro;Lee, Gwanjae;Yang, Dongseok;Choi, Yujin;Lim, Kyoung Jae;Jang, Won Seok
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.21 no.spc
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    • pp.98-106
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    • 2019
  • The coefficient and exponent of the MUSLE(Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) runoff factor in the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model are 11.8 and 0.56 respectively, which are equally applied to the estimation of soil erosion regardless of land use. they could derive overestimation or underestimation of soil erosion, which can cause problems in the selection of soil erosion-vulnerable area and evaluation of reduction management. However, there are no studies about the estimation of coefficients and exponent for the MUSLE runoff factor by land use and their applicability to the SWAT model. Thus, in order to predict soil erosion and sediment behavior accurately through SWAT model, it is necessary to estimate the coefficient and exponent of the MUSLE runoff factor by land use and evaluate its applicability. In this study, the coefficient and exponent of MUSLE runoff factor by land use were estimated for Gaa-cheon Watershed, and the differences in soil erosion and sediment from SWAT model were analyzed. The coefficient and exponent of runoff factor estimated by this study well reflected the characteristics of soil erosion in domestic highland watershed. Therefore, in order to apply the MUSLE which developed based on observed data of US agricultural basin to the domestic watershed, it is considered that a sufficient modification and supplementation process for the coefficient and exponent of the MUSLE runoff factor depending on land use is necessary. The results of this study can be used as a basic data for selecting soil erosion vulnerable area in the non-point source management areas and establishing and evaluating soil erosion reduction management.

Performance Evaluation of Hydrocyclone Filter for Treatment of Micro Particles in Storm Runoff (Hydrocyclone Filter 장치를 이용한 강우유출수내 미세입자 제거특성 분석)

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Bang, Ki-Woong;Hong, Sung-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.11
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    • pp.1007-1018
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    • 2009
  • Hydrocyclone is widely used in industry, because of its simplicity in design, high capacity, low maintenance and operational cost. The separation action of a hydrocyclone treating particulate slurry is a consequence of the swirling flow that produces a centrifugal force on the fluid and suspended particles. In spite of hydrocyclone have many advantage, the application for treatment of urban stormwater case study were rare. We conducted a laboratory scale study on treatable potential of micro particles using hydrocyclone filter (HCF) that was a combined modified hydrocyclone with perlite filter cartridge. Since it was not easy to use actual storm water in the scaled-down hydraulic model investigations, it was necessary to reproduce ranges of particles sizes with synthetic materials. The synthesized storm runoff was made with water and addition of particles; ion exchange resin, road sediment, commercial area manhole sediment, and silica gel particles. Experimental studies have been carried out about the particle separation performance of HCF-open system and HCF-closed system. The principal structural differences of these HCFs are underflow zone structure and vortex finder. HCF was made of acryl resin with 120 mm of diameter hydrocyclone and 250 mm of diameter filter chamber and overall height of 800 mm. To determine the removal efficiency for various influent concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), tests were performed with different operational conditions. The operated maximum of surface loading rate was about 700 $m^3/m^2$/day for HCF-open system, and 1,200 $m^3/m^2$/day for HCF-closed system. It was found that particle removal efficiency for the HCF-closed system is better than the HCF-open system under same surface loading rate. Results showed that SS removal efficiency with the HCF-closed system improved by about 8~20% compared with HCF-open system. The average removal efficiency difference for HCF-closed system between measurement and CFD particle tracking simulation was about 4%.

Evaluation of Internal Phosphorus Loading through the Dynamic Monitoring of Dissolved Oxygen in a Shallow Reservoir (수심이 얕은 저수지에서 용존산소 동적 모니터링을 통한 인 내부부하 평가)

  • Park, Hyungseok;Choi, Sunhwa;Chung, Sewoong;Ji, Hyunseo;Oh, Jungkuk;Jun, Hangbae
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.553-562
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    • 2017
  • In these days, agricultural reservoirs are considered as a useful resource for recreational purposes, tour and cultural amenity for vicinity communities as well as irrigation water supply. However, many of the agricultural reservoirs are showing a eutrophic or hyper-eutrophic state and high level of organic contamination. In particular, about 44.7% of the aged agricultural reservoirs that constructed before 1945 exceed the water quality criteria for irrigational water use. In addition to external loading, internal nutrient loading from bottom sediment may play an important role in the nutrient budget of the aged reservoirs. The objectives of this study were to characterize variations of thermal structure of a shallow M reservoir (mean depth 1.7 m) and examine the potential of internal nutrient loading by continuous monitoring of vertical water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration profiles in 2015 and 2016. The effect of internal loading on the total loading of the reservoir was evaluated by mass balance analysis. Results showed that a weak thermal stratification and a strong DO stratification were developed in the shallow M Reservoir. And, dynamic temporal variation in DO was observed at the bottom of the reservoir. Persistent hypoxic conditions (DO concentrations less than 2 mg/L) were established for 87 days and 98 days in 2015 and 2016, respectively, during the no-rainy summer periods. The DO concentrations intermittently increased during several events of atmospheric temperature drop and rainfall. According to the mass balance analysis, the amount of internal $PO_4-P$ loading from sediment to the overlying water were 37.9% and 39.7% of total loading during no-rainy season in 2015 and 2016, respectively on August when algae growth is enhanced with increasing water temperature. Consequently, supply of DO to the lower layer of the reservoir could be effective countermeasure to reduce nutrient release under the condition of persistent DO depletion in the bottom of the reservoir.

The State of Marine Pollution in the Waters adjacent to Shipyards in Korea - 3. Evaluation of the Pollution of Heavy Metals in Offshore Surface Sediments around Major Shipyards in Summer 2010

  • Kim, Kwang-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.223-233
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    • 2015
  • In order to evaluate the pollution of heavy metals in offshore surface sediments around shipyards in Korea, surface sediment samples were collected at eleven stations around four major shipyards located in the southeastern coast of Korea in summer 2010 and nine kinds of heavy metals such as copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), chrome(Cr), arsenic(As), mercury(Hg), iron(Fe) and aluminum(Al) in sediments were analyzed. The concentrations of Cu at all sampling stations were in the range of 47.10~414.96 mg/kg and exceeded TEL(Threshold Effects Level) 20.6 mg-Cu/kg of Korean marine environmental standards for offshore sediments and ERL(Effect Range-Low) 34.0 mg-Cu/kg. The concentrations of Cu at seven stations around four shipyards were 65.18~414.96 mg/kg and exceeded PEL(Probable Effects Level) 64.4 mg-Cu/kg of Korean marine environmental standards for offshore sediments. The concentration of Cu at one station around B-shipyard was 414.96 mg/kg and exceeded ERM(Effect Range-Median) 270.0 mg-Cu/kg. The concentrations of Zn at all stations were in the range of 135.09~388.79 mg/kg which exceeded ERL 150.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentrations of Zn at seven stations around four shipyards were 157.57~388.79 mg/kg and exceeded PEL 157.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentration of Zn at one station around B-shipyard was 388.79 mg/kg and was approaching ERM 410.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentrations of Cd at all stations were in the range of 0.11~0.54 mg/kg and were below TEL 0.75 mg-Cd/kg and ERL 1.2 mg-Cd/kg. The concentrations of Pb at all stations were in the range of 18.04~105.62 mg/kg. The concentrations of Pb at two stations around B-shipyard were 73.87~105.62 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 44.0 mg-Pb/kg and ERL 46.7 mg-Pb/kg, and were below PEL 119.0 mg-Pb/kg and ERM 218.0 mg-Pb/kg. The concentrations of Cr at all stations were in the range of 51.26~85.39 mg/kg. The concentration of Cr at one station around B-shipyard was 85.39 mg/kg and exceeded ERL 81.0 mg-Cr/kg. The concentrations of As at all stations were in the range of 8.70~22.15 mg/kg which exceeded ERL 8.2 mg-As/kg and were below ERM 70.0 mg-As/kg. The concentrations of As at eight stations around A-shipyard, B-shipyard and D-shipyard were 14.93~22.15 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 14.5 mg-As/kg and were below PEL 75.5 mg-As/kg. The concentrations of Hg at all stations were in the range of 0.02~0.35 mg/kg. The concentrations of Hg at three stations around A-shipyard were 0.11~0.13 mg/kg which were almost equal to TEL 0.11 mg-Hg/kg. Those at two stations around B-shipyard were 0.27~0.35 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 0.11 mg-Hg/kg and ERL 0.15 mg-Hg/kg, and were below PEL 0.62 mg-Hg/kg and ERM 0.71 mg-Hg/kg. The concentrations of Fe and Al at all stations were in the range of 2.90 3.66 % and 3.12 6.80 %, respectively. These results imply that heavy metals such as copper, zinc, lead, arsenic and mercury were likely to be transferred to marine environment from shipyards, especially from B-shipyard.

Evaluation of Aquatic Ecological Characteristics in Sinpyongcheon Constructed Wetlands for Treating Non-point Source Pollution (비점오염원 저감을 위한 신평천 인공습지의 수생태학적 특성 평가)

  • Seo, Dong-Cheol;Kang, Se-Won;Lim, Byung-Jin;Park, Jong-Hwan;Kim, Kap-Soon;Lee, Jun-Bae;Kim, Hyun-Ook;Heo, Jong-Soo;Chang, Nam-Ik;Seong, Hwan-Hoo;Cho, Ju-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.400-407
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    • 2011
  • To evaluate the aquatic ecological characteristics in Sinpyongcheon constructed wetlands for treating nonpoint source pollution, the removal rates of nutrients in water, the total amounts of T-N and T-P uptakes by water plants, and chemical characteristics of T-N and T-P in sediment were investigated. The concentrations of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P in inflow were 0.07~1.47, 0.60~2.65, 0.50~4.60, 1.38~6.26 and $0.08{\sim}0.32mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 14%, 6%, 18%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. The maximum amount of T-N uptake by water plants in August was $813mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $1,172mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. The maximum amount of T-P uptake by water plants in August was $247mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $359mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. Organic matter, T-N, and T-P contents in sediments were high in the order of $1^{st}$ bed > $2^{nd}$ bed > $3^{rd}$ bed. Microbial biomass C/N/P ratios in sediments in $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, and $3^{rd}$ were 78~110/3~6/1, 73~204/1~6/1, and 106~169/1~6/1, respectively.

Introduction to the Benthic Health Index Used in Fisheries Environment Assessment (어장환경평가에 사용하는 저서생태계 건강도지수(Benthic Health Index)에 대한 소개)

  • Rae Hong Jung;Sang-Pil Yoon;Sohyun Park;Sok-Jin Hong;Youn Jung Kim;Sunyoung Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.779-793
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    • 2023
  • Intensive and long-term aquaculture activities in Korea have generated considerable amounts of organic matter, deteriorating the sedimentary environment and ecosystem. The Korean government enacted the Fishery Management Act to preserve and manage the environment of fish farms. Based on this, a fisheries environment assessment has been conducted on fish cage farms since 2014, necessitating the development of a scientific and objective evaluation method suitable for the domestic environment. Therefore, a benthic health index (BHI) was developed using the relationship between benthic polychaete communities and organic matter, a major source of pollution in fish farms. In this study, the development process and calculation method of the BHI have been introduced. The BHI was calculated by classifying 225 species of polychaetes appearing in domestic coastal and aquaculture areas into four groups by linking the concentration gradient of the total organic carbon in the sediment and the distributional characteristics of each species and assigning differential weights to each group. Using BHI, the benthic fauna communities were assigned to one of the four ecological classes (Grade 1: Normal, Grade 2: Slightly polluted, Grade 3: Moderately polluted, and Grade 4: Heavily polluted). The application of the developed index in the field enabled effective evaluation of the Korean environment, being relatively more accurate and less affected by the season compared with the existing evaluation methods like the diversity index or AZTI's Marine Biotic Index developed overseas. In addition, using BHI will be useful in the environmental management of fish farms, as the environment can be graded in quantified figures.

Evaluation of Channel-forming Discharge for the Abandoned Channel Restoration Design of Cheongmi Stream (청미천 구하도 복원 설계를 위한 하도형성유량 산정)

  • Ji, Un;Kang, Jun-Gu;Yeo, Woon-Kwang;Han, Seung-Won
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.42 no.12
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    • pp.1113-1124
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    • 2009
  • The abandoned channel restoration is one of methods to enhance the environmental function and ecological habitat as well as the functions of water-utilization and flood control. The channel-forming or dominant discharge must be evaluated and defined to design the cross-sectional and plane geometries of the stable and equilibrium channel for the abandoned channel restoration project. In general, bankfull discharge, specified recurrence interval discharge, and effective discharge have been used to decide the channel-forming discharge. In this study, bankfull discharge, specified recurrence interval discharge, and effective discharge were calculated and compared for the abandoned channel restoration site of Cheongmi Stream and their relations to historical bed changes were analyzed. The bankfull discharge, 488 $m^3/s$, of the abandoned channel restoration site of Cheongmi Stream was calculated using HEC-RAS data and ranged between 1.5-year and 2-year recurrence discharges. Also, the effective discharge evaluated with the sediment rating curve and mean daily discharge data is greater than the bankfull discharge. According to the survey data of 1994 and 2008, the bed elevation of the study reach was decreased over time. It is indicated that the channel bed is changing to the stable condition to allow the effective discharge.

Performance Evaluation of Backwash Hydrodynamic Separator Filter for Treatment of Micro Particles (역세척 Hydrodynamic Separator Filter를 이용한 미세입자 제거 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Bang, Ki-Woong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.10
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    • pp.694-701
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    • 2012
  • The main purpose of this study is to evaluate of backwash system of hydrodynamic separator filter (HSF) with solar powered submerged pumps. It consists of a photovoltaic solar array, control electronics, battery, and two submersible pump powered by a 12 voltage DC motor. The laboratory scale study on treatable potential of micro particles using backwash HSF that was a combined with perlite filter cartridge and backwash nozzles. Since it was not easy to use actual storm water in the scaled-down hydraulic model investigations, it was necessary to reproduce ranges of particle sizes with synthetic materials. The synthesized storm runoff was made with water and addition of particles; ion exchange resin partices, silica gel particles, and commercial area manhole sediment particles. HSF was made of acryl resin with 250 mm of diameter filter chamber and overall height of 800 mm. Four case test were performed with different backwashing conditions and determined the SS removal efficiency with various surface loading rates. The operated range of surface loading rate was about 308~$1,250m^3/m^2/day$. It was found that SS removal efficiency of HSF using two submersible pumps improved by about 18% compared with HSF without backwash. Nonpoint control devices with solar water pumping systems would be useful for backwashing the filter in areas with not suppling electricity and reduce filter media exchange cost.