• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.112-121
• /
• 2007

In occasion of soil loss happened in a basin, soil in the near of a stream may flow into the stream easily, but in case that soil is far away from the stream, sediment yield transferred to rivers by rainfall diminishes. To forecast sediment yield of a stream is an essential item for management of basins and streams. Therefore, sediment yield of soil loss produced from a basin is needed to be calculated as accurate as possible. Purpose of the present research is to calculate soil erosion amount in a basin and to forecast sediment yield flowed into a stream by rainfall and analyze sediment yield in the stream. There are various methods that analyze sediment yield of rivers. In the present study, the soil erosion amount was calculated using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) and GRID, and sediment yield was calculated using sediment delivery ratio and empirical methods. DEM data, slope of basin, soil map and landuse constructed by GIS were used for input data of RUSLE. The upstream area of the Yeongsan river basin in Gwangju metropolitan city was selected for the study area. Three methods according to the calculation of LS factor were applied to estimate the soil erosion amount. Two sediment delivery ratio methods for the respective methods were applied and, correspondingly, six occasions in sediment yield were calculated. In addition, the above results were compared by relative amount with estimation by the empirical method of Ministry of Construction & Transportation. Sediment yield calculated in the present study may be utilized for the plan, design and management of dams and channels, and evaluation of disaster impact.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.94-106
• /
• 2011

The muddy water occurrence possibility of reservoir were analyzed by considering GIS based soil erosion model, sediment delivery ratio and effective reservoir capacity. For the purpose, the weakness factors for the establishment of countermeasures of basin were analyzed by evaluating input factors of RUSLE model based on spatial data such as DEM, soil map, landcover map and so on. The potential of soil erosion was estimated considering highland upland. The sediment yields of Chungju-Dam and Soyanggang-Dam showed the highest result in sediment yield using sediment delivery ratio with considering basin area. The sediment concentration of Imha-Dam and Chungju-Dam showed the highest value as 0.791 $kg/m^3/yr$ and 0.526 $kg/m^3/yr$ respectively in sediment concentration with considering effective reservoir capacity. Especially, sediment yield of Imha-Dam was about 2.36 times lower than Soyanggang-Dam, but the sediment concentration was 1.90 times higher preferably, because the effective reservoir capacity of Imha-Dam was about 4.48 times lower. This study calculated sediment concentration using the 10 years mean rainfall event and could consider the aspects of soil, terrain, landcover, cultivation condition and effective reservoir capacity of each basin effectively through the results. Therefore, these quantitative sediment concentration data could be used to estimate the potential of high density turbid water for reservoir and applied with effective tools for the management of reservoir.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1696-1700
• /
• 2007

현재까지 약 100여개국의 나라에서 Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) 가 장기 토양 유실 가능성을 모의하는 데 사용되고 있다. 그러나 RUSLE는 유역에서의 토양 유실 가능성을 모의할 수는 있으나 하천으로 유입되는 유사량을 모의할 수 없으므로, 효과적인 유사량 관리를 위해 유실된 토양 중 얼마나 유역의 최종유출구로 유입되는 유달률(SDR, Sediment Delivery Ratio)을 고려해야 한다. 이를 위해 Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) 이 수계내 임의의 지점에서의 유사량을 구하기 위해 개발되었다. 이 SATEEC은 USLE에 기반을 두고 있으나 공간적으로 분포된 유달률 맵을 산정하기 위해 면적에 따른 유달률 공식을 이용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 경사에 따른 유달률 공식을 사용할 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 SATEEC을 이용하여 강원도 춘천시 남산면 수동리 지역에서의 면적에 따른 유달률 공식을 사용했을 경우와 경사에 따른 유달률 공식을 사용했을 경우에 따른 각각의 임의 수계의 최종 유출구에서의 유사량을 비교하였다. 같은 면적의 소유역을 갖는 각각의 유출구에서의 유사량을 면적에 의한 유달률($SDR_A$) 방법과 하천의 평균경사도를 고려한 유달률($SDR_S$) 식을 사용하여 유사량을 비교하였다. $SDR_S$에 의한 유사량($SY_S$)을 기준으로 하여 $SDR_A$에 의한 유사량($SY_A$)의 비는 $-37.83%{\sim}44.36%$로 큰 차이를 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.256-267
• /
• 2009

A method of estimating pollutant delivery ratios considering watershed physical and meteorological characteristics and flow conditions using SWAT-K watershed model was described, and pollutant delivery characteristics during dry and rainy seasons, for monthly and seasonally, and with flow regimes were investigated for the Chungju dam watershed. Delivery ratios for sediment, T-N, and T-P showed higher values over 100% during dry and winter seasons with low pollutant loads and flows, and showed relatively uniform ones under 100% during rainy and summer seasons with concentrated loads and flows. It was found that mainly wet flows during summer seasons played very important roles in investigating the delivery characteristics of total or nonpoint pollutant loads, because more than 90% of total loads were influenced by nonpoint source, and discharged with the flows. From the results, we could find out the delivery characteristics with various watershed and flow conditions which are difficult to consider by actual measurement, and could get a foothold of estimating more reasonable and scientific allocated loads for water quality standard using the reliable method of estimating delivery ratios with a watershed model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.1581-1585
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 새만금 담수호로 유입되는 유사량과 담수호의 장래퇴적분포를 추정하였다. GIS(Geographic Information System)와 범용토양유실량식(Universal Soil Loss Equation; USLE)을 적용하여 새만금 담수호 상류유역에서 발생하는 토양유실량을 산정하고, 총유실량-유사운송비(sediment delivery ratio) 법을 이용하여 담수호로 유입되는 유사량을 추정하였다. USLE에 의한 총 유실량은 2,804 천ton/yr, 새만금 소유역별 평균 유사운송비는 12%, 담수호 유입유사량은 328 천ton/yr으로 추정되었다. 새만금 담수호의 유효저수량과 유입량에 의한 포착효율(trap efficiency)을 고려하여 담수호에 실제 퇴적되는 양을 추정하고 새만금 담수호의 표고별 장래퇴적분포는 Lara method (USBR method)을 이용하였다. 새만금 담수호의 유사퇴적량은 302 천ton/yr으로 산정되었으며, Lara method에 의한 추정결과 5년, 10년 후 각각 새만금 담수호의 내용적이 0.4%, 0.7% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.52-64
• /
• 2020

The universal soil loss equation (USLE), a model for estimating the potential soil loss, has been used not only in research areas but also in establishing national policies in South Korea. Despite its wide applicability, USLE cannot adequately address the effect of seasonal variances. To overcome this limit, the ArcGIS-based Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion (ArcSATEEC) has been developed as an alternative model. Although the field-scale (< 100 ㎡) application of this model produced reliable estimation results, it is still challenging to validate accuracy of the model estimation because it only estimates potential soil losses, not the actual sediment yield. Therefore, in this study, a method for estimating actual soil loss based on the ArcSATEEC model was suggested. The model was applied to eight watersheds in South Korea to estimate sediment yields. Correction factor was introduced for each watershed, and the estimated sediment yield was compared with that of the estimated yield by LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST). Sediment yield estimation for all watersheds exhibited reliable results, and the validity of the proposed correction factor was confirmed, suggesting the correction factor needs to be considered in estimating actual soil loss.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2011

SATEEC ArcView GIS system was developed using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) modules. In addition, time-variant R and C modules and $R_5$ module were developed and integrated into the SATEEC system in recent years. The SATEEC ArcView GIS 2.1 system is a simple-to-use system which can estimate soil erosion and sediment yield spatially and temporarily using only USLE input data, DEM, and daily rainfall dataset. In this study, the SATEEC 2.1 system was used to evaluate the effects of USLE LS input data considering slope length segmentation on soil erosion and sediment yield estimation. Use of USLE LS with slope length segmentation due to roads in the watershed, soil erosion estimation decreased by 24.70 %. However, the estimated sediment yield using SATEEC GA-SDR matched measured sediment values in both scenarios (EI values of 0.650 and EI 0.651 w/o and w/flow segmentation). This is because the SATEEC GA-SDR module estimates lower SDR in case of greater soil erosion estimation (without flow length segmentation) and greater SDR in case of lower soil erosion estimation (with flow length segmentation). This indicates that the SATEEC soil erosion need to be estimated with care for accurate estimation of SDR at a watershed scale and for accurate evaluation of BMPs in the watershed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.983-990
• /
• 2011

Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been used to estimate potential long-term soil erosion in the fields. However, the USLE does not estimate sediment yield due to lack of module considering sediment delivery ratio (SDR) for watershed application. For that reason, the Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) system was developed and applied to compute the sediment yield at watershed scale. However, the R factor of current SATEEC Ver. 2.1 was estimated based on 5-day antecedent rainfall, it is not related with fundamental concept of R factor. To compute R factor accurately, the energy of rainfall strikes should be considered. In this study, the R module in the SATEEC system was enhanced using formulas of Williams, Foster, Cooley, CREAMS which could consider the energy of rainfall strikes. The enhanced SATEEC system ver. 2.2 was applied to the Imha watershed and monthly sediment yield was estimated. As a result of this study, the $R^2$ and NSE values are 0.591 and 0.573 for calibration period, and 0.927 and 0.911 for validation period, respectively. The results demonstrate the enhanced SATEEC System estimates the sediment yield suitably, and it could be used to establish the detailed environmental policy standard using USLE input dataset at watershed scale.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1920-1924
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 SWAT 모형의 임하댐 유역에 대한 적용을 통하여 토사 유출 모의와 관련된 주요 매개변수들을 보정하고, 보정된 매개변수를 적용하여 유역에 대한 토사 유출을 분석하였다. 모형 구성 자료로는 임하댐 유역 청송, 영양, 부남, 석보, 일월의 1997년부터 2006년까지의 10년간의 강우자료를 사용하였으며 DEM도와 토지이용도, 토양도를 이용하여 유역 모델을 구축하였다. 유출 보정 자료로는 임하댐 일 유입량과 낙동강 오염총량제 지점인 반변과 용전 지점의 일유출량을 이용하였다. 특히, 임하댐에 유입되는 토사량에 대한 토사 유출 성향을 분석하여 유역의 토사 전달율(Soil Delivery Ratio)과 토사 발생지도(Sediment yield map)를 제작하여 각 소유역에 대한 토사 유출 관리를 위한 기초 자료로서 사용하게 될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.862-865
• /
• 2012

유사량은 하천의 단면을 단위시간 동안 통과하는 토사의 양을 의미하며, 하천 구조물의 설계 및 유지관리를 위한 기본자료로 활용된다. 유사량은 하천 유역의 지형적인 특성과 기상요소에 영향을 받으며, 이를 규명하기 위한 많은 연구들이 수행되어 왔다. GIS기반의 유사량 예측모델로서 국내에서는 개정범용토양유실공식과 유사운송비(Sediment Delivery Ratio)를 이용하여 유역단위 유사량을 예측하는 연구가 이루어져왔다. Gavrilovi$\acute{c}$ 모델은 유역의 총 연유사량을 예측하고 토양침식의 정도를 정량화할 수 있는 경험적 모형으로 지질 및 토양, 지형조건, 기후인자(연평균 강우량, 연평균 온도), 토지이용의 6가지 입력변수로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구는 Gavrilovi$\acute{c}$ 모델의 국내 적용성을 검토하기 위한 것으로서, 왕숙천 유역을 대상으로 Gavrilovi$\acute{c}$ 모델을 적용하여 유사량을 산정해본 결과, 실측값을 약 20% 내외로 비교적 근사하게 추정할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.