• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7725-7730
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure inside selected public places to provide basic data for the development and promotion of smoke-free policies. Methods: Between March and May 2009, an SHS exposure survey was conducted. $PM_{2.5}$ levels and air nicotine concentrations were measured in hospitals (n=5), government buildings (4), restaurants (10) and entertainment venues (10) in Seoul, Republic of Korea, using a common protocol. Field researchers completed an observational questionnaire to document evidence of active smoking (the smell of cigarette smoke, presence of cigarette butts and witnessing people smoking) and administered a questionnaire regarding building characteristics and smoking policy. Results: Indoor $PM_{2.5}$ levels and air nicotine concentrations were relatively higher in monitoring sites where smoking is not prohibited by law. Entertainment venues had the highest values of $PM_{2.5}$(${\mu}g/m^3$) and air nicotine concentration(${\mu}g/m^3$), which were 7.6 and 67.9 fold higher than those of hospitals, respectively, where the values were the lowest. When evidence of active smoking was present, the mean $PM_{2.5}$ level was 104.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$, i.e., more than 4-fold the level determined by the World Health Organization for 24-hr exposure (25 ${\mu}g/m^3$). Mean indoor air nicotine concentration at monitoring sites with evidence of active smoking was 59-fold higher than at sites without this evidence (2.94 ${\mu}g/m^3$ vs. 0.05 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The results were similar at all specific monitoring sites except restaurants, where mean indoor $PM_{2.5}$ levels did not differ at sites with and without active smoking evidence and indoor air nicotine concentrations were higher in sites without evidence of smoking. Conclusion: Nicotine was detected in most of our monitoring sites, including those where smoking is prohibited by law, such as hospitals, demonstrating that enforcement and compliance with current smoke-free policies in Korea is not adequate to protect against SHS exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the rate of attempts to quit smoking and related factors in Korean adolescent smokers. Methods: The findings of this study were based on the data obtained from the '2015 $11^{th}$ Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey'. The number of subjects was 5,123. Results: 71.7% of adolescent smokers in our study group had made previous attempts to quit smoking. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following significant factors were related to attempts to quit smoking: smoking amount (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.42~2.23), experience of secondhand smoking in family (OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.02~1.32), experience of smoking cessation education in school (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.79~2.35) anti-smoking publicity (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.17~1.55), and close friend's smoking (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.24~2.17). Conclusion: Smoking cessation policies and programs, especially those targeting adolescent smokers, should consider the factors mentioned above when designing new interventions or campaigns.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

Tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are linked to a number of adverse health outcomes. There is a new concept of thirdhand smoke that is residual tobacco smoke contamination remained after the cigarette is extinguished. This paper reviews published studies examining the residual tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke can be attached to various surfaces and reemitted to air for long period of time. The dynamic process can allow thirdhand smoke exposure to tobacco smoke without direct exposure to secondhand smoke. One critical evidence of the thirdhand smoke exposure was significantly high urinary cotinine level of infant who did not have direct secondhand smoke exposure. Potential exposure to new and more potent chemicals generated from chemical reactions between residual tobacco smoke and ambient air pollutants can get more attention. Considering toxicity and exposure route, children are uniquely susceptible to thirdhand smoke exposure. The review provides strong background information for thirdhand smoke but warrant more researches on this issue.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of dental hygiene students on smoking and their state of smoking in an attempt to assist dental hygienists to develop good anti-smoking education programs, as dental hygienists should play a critical role in conducting an anti-smoking campaign and education. The subjects in this study were dental hygiene students in six different colleges located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted from April to June, 2007, the answer sheets from 1,322 students were gathered and analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the reality of smoking, 82.7% were nonsmokers, and 12.2% had been smokers in the past, 5.1% were smokers, which accounted for 5%. Regarding when they started smoking, 47.1% and 35.3% started it in middle school and high school days respectively. So 80% or more began smoking as middle and high schoolers. As to a daily amount of smoking, 36.8% smoked five or less cigarettes, and 22.1% smoked six to 10 cigarettes, 14.7 % smoked 11 to 15 cigarettes. Concerning motivation of smoking, 51.5% did it out of curiosity, and 26.6% intended to get rid of stress. Among the smokers, 80.9% had ever tried to quit smoking, and as for the reason, 51.0 % wanted not to develop a disease in the future, and 25.0% weren't in good health. In regard to what made them fail to give up smoking, 49.0% answered they were increasingly stressed out, and 24.0 % were tempted by others. 2. As to the impact of smoking on the body and illness, the largest group believed it affected unborn babies, and the second largest group was aware of the harmfulness of secondhand smoking. The third largest group thought it exercised an influence on the lung and respiratory ailments, and the fourth largest group believed it was detrimental to health. The fifth greatest group thought tar was harmful to the body. They didn't know well about whether smoking deteriorated the sense of taste, but were well cognizant of the harmfulness of smoking. 3, Their knowledge on the impact of smoking on the body and diseases was evaluated by academic year and in consideration of whether they were smokers or not. And the largest number of them knew the best about smoking's impact on unborn babies and the harmfulness of secondhand smoking, regardless of academic year and whether they were smokers or not. They weren't well aware of its impact on weakening the sense of taste.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2019

Objectives: Young adulthood represents a critical developmental period during which the use of tobacco may begin or cease. Furthermore, differences in smoking behaviors between younger (aged 18-24 years) and older (aged 25-34 years) young adults may exist. This study aimed to characterize patterns related to current smoking in younger and older young adults. Methods: This study used data acquired from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2014. A total of 2069 subjects were categorized as younger (712 subjects) and older (1357 subjects) young adults. The chi-square test was used to assess the relationships between smoking status and socio-demographic, health-related, and smoking-related factors. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the factors affecting current smoking in these age groups. Results: The current smoking prevalence was 18.3% among the younger young adults and 26.0% among the older young adults. Sex, education level, occupation, perceived health status, alcohol consumption, and electronic cigarette use were related to current smoking in both age groups. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and stress levels showed significant relationships with smoking in younger and older young adults, respectively. Conclusions: Strong correlations were found between the observed variables and smoking behaviors among young adults. Determining the factors affecting smoking and designing interventions based on these factors are essential for smoking cessation in young adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of current smoking and the factors that influence current smoking among male high school students in Korea according to school type. Methods: Data were extracted from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2017) and multiple logistic regression was used based on complex sample analysis. The study sample comprised of 15,777 male high school students: 12,583 from general high schools (GHS) and 3,194 from specialized vocational high schools (SVHS). Results: The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher in SVHS students (19.6%) compared to GHS students (12.6%). Low academic achievement, depressive symptoms, current drinking, and high household economic status were commonly associated with current smoking in male students from both school types. However, exposure to secondhand smoking at home, non-exposure to anti-smoking advertisement, exposure to tobacco advertisement, participation in smoking prevention or cessation education were related to current smoking in GHS students, while living in rural area was associated with current smoking in SVHS students. Conclusion: To reduce current smoking among male high school students, it is necessary to develop smoking prevention policies reflecting the factors associated with current smoking that are different by school type.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is supposed to figure out the keyword network from 2009 to 2018 with social network analysis and provide the research data that can help the Korea government's policy making on smoking cessation. Methods: First, frequency analysis on the keyword was performed. After, in this study, I applied three classic centrality measures (degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality) with R 3.5.1. Moreover, I visualized the results as the word cloud and keyword network. Results: As a result of network analysis, 'smoking' and 'smoking cessation' were key words with high frequency, high degree centrality, and betweenness centrality. As a result of looking at trends in keyword, many study had been done on the keyword 'secondhand smoke' and 'adolescent' from 2009 to 2013, and 'cigarette graphic warning' and 'electronic cigarette' from 2014 to 2018. Conclusion: This study contributes to understand trends on smoking cessation study and seek further study with the keyword network analysis.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2011

Objectives: This study is to identify factors associated with intention to quit smoking among male adult smokers in 13 communities of Korea. Methods: Data from 2010 Community Health Survey (CHS) in 13 communities of Honam region, Korea, were analyzed. Multiple logistic analysis method was used to determine the influence of selected factors on the intention to quit smoking among male smokers. Results: Residential area, smoking amounts per day, exposure to secondhand smoking, past attempts to quit, walking activity, brushing teeth after lunch, and stress were found to be independently associated with intention to quit smoking. Socio-demographic factors including age, marital status, educational level, and monthly income were not associated. Conclusions: Identifying factors associated with intention to quit smoking provides possibilities for shaping effective policies and programs for increasing smoking cessation in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2017

Objectives: We examined the prevalence of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke among middle-school students in Korea using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in 2013. Methods: The GYTS in Korea was conducted between July and August 2013 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were collected using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire from a nationally representative sample of middle-school students aged 13-15 years in sampled classrooms. Results: The GYTS in Korea was completed by 4235 students aged 13-15 years in 43 middle schools. Approximately one in five of the students (17.8%) reported that they had tried cigarettes in the past, while 5.2% reported currently being cigarette smokers. Current cigarette smoking was higher in boys (7.5%) than in girls (2.6%). Of the students, 29.7% had been exposed to secondhand smoke at home, 47.4% inside enclosed public places, and 53.9% in outdoor public places. Of the current cigarette smokers, 25.7% bought their cigarettes from a store despite a law prohibiting this. Additionally, 58.0% of students noticed point-of-sale tobacco advertisements or promotions, 66.8% of current cigarette smokers wanted to stop smoking, and 70.9% of students had been taught about the dangers of tobacco use in school. Conclusions: These findings provide an opportunity to develop, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive tobacco control policy. The results suggest that youth have relatively easy access to cigarettes and are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke in public places, as well as to point-of-sale tobacco advertisements and promotions. Strict enforcement of the ban on tobacco sales to youth, expanding smoke-free areas, and advertising bans are needed to reduce tobacco use among youth.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.188-191
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• 2014

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a disease characterized by an acute febrile onset, eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and a dramatic response to corticosteroids. Although many studies have reported a close relationship between direct cigarette smoking and AEP, few studies have identified an association between passive smoking and AEP. Here, we report a case of AEP in a 19-year-old female with cough, fever, and dyspnea after 4 weeks of intense exposure to secondhand smoke for 6 to 8 hours a day in an enclosed area.