• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.292-303
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• 2021

Studies that relate the structure of tropical regrowth vegetation to soil properties are generally lacking in the literature. This study proposes three indices for assessing the structural regeneration of secondary forests. They are: (1) the tree diameter class, (2) the plant life form and (3) the woody/herbaceous plants ratio indices. They were applied to assess the regeneration status of forest regrowth vegetation (aged 1-10 years), derived savanna regrowth vegetation in south western Nigeria, and to secondary forests in different stages of succession in Columbia and Venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico in South and Central America and semi-arid savanna in Ethiopia and seasonal deciduous forest successional stages in India. In all the cases, the indices increased with increasing age of regrowth vegetation and hence, with increasing structural complexity of regenerating vegetation. The tree diameter class index increased from 32.1% in a 9-year secondary forest to 69.0% in an 80-year-old secondary forest in Columbia and Venezuela and from 0.4% in a 1-year fallow to 20.9% in 10-year regrowth vegetation in southwestern Nigeria. In semi-arid savanna in northern Ethiopia, the woody/herbaceous plants ratio index increased from 18.1% in a 5-year protected grazing enclosure to 75.1% in 15-year protected enclosure, relative to the status of 20-year enclosure. The indices generally had correlations of 0.6-0.90 with species richness and Simpson's/Margalef's species diversity, implying that they are appropriate measures of ecosystem development over time. The proposed indices also had strong and positive correlations with soil organic carbon and nutrients. They are therefore, significant indicators of fertility status.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.559-575
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• 2012

본 연구는 2010년 세계문화유산 잠정목록에 등록된 국가사적 제57호 남한산성을 대상으로 과거 문헌자료와 현장조사를 통해 식생구조 변화를 밝히고 역사 문화적 가치가 높은 남한산성의 식생복원을 위한 관리방안을 수립하고자 실시하였다. 남한산성 식생의 비오톱 분석 결과 대상지 면적 $2,611,823m^2$ 중 참나무류림이 40.8%이었고, 천이 가능성이 높은 소나무림이 16.5%로 청량산 일원과 서문에서 북문 일원, 남문에서 청량산 사이의 산 능선에 분포하고 있었다. 천이 가능성이 낮은 소나무림은 4.7%로 남한산초등학교 뒤 산림에 주로 분포하고 있었고, 천이가 진행중인 소나무림은 2.9%, 도태중인 소나무림은 2.1%였다. 19년간 식생구조 변화 분석 결과 소나무림${\rightarrow}$소나무 및 참나무류 혼효림${\rightarrow}$참나무류림${\rightarrow}$서어나무림으로 천이가 예측되었고, 시간이 경과함에 따라 참나무류의 세력이 확대되었다. 남한산성 소나무림의 식생 관리방안은 식생구조 특성을 고려하여 관리권역을 구분하였고, 관리권역은 소나무림 경관유지지역 $553,508m^2$, 소나무림 경관복원지역 $114,293m^2$, 적극적 관리지역 $205,306m^2$, 자연천이 유도지역 $1,169,973m^2$이었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2006

In case of leaving artificial slopes resulting from large-scale constructions, there may be secondary damage caused by soil loss due to erosion and collapse. Furthermore, slope-restoring constructions have a few problems such as monotonous landscape and difficult succession of secondary vegetation due to reckless use of exotic grass, despite attaining the initial purpose of revegetation. To settle this problem, selected plants deemed to be proper for revegetation were used on one of thin vegetation base methods, CODRA SYSTEM, and made seeding mixture experimental plots considering germination rates differing in each season. Native herbs, native shrubs and exotic herbs contents were increased by 30% and 50% respectively, centered on seeding quantity(30g/$m^2$) used as design standard in the seed spray method, in order to figure out proper quantity for revegetation in each season.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1983

This report is a series of the investigation of the secondary vegetation and succession at the forest fire area in Dangji-Dong of Kyungsang-pookdo province. The forest fires occurred on April 8, 1982. This investigation was carried out from June 18, 1982 to May 29, 1983 once in each season. Before to fires, the Pinus densiflora was dominant and the woody plants of understory were mainly composed of the Quercus serrata, Q. dentata, Lespedeza maritima and L. macimowiczii. Compared with the florstic composition between the unburned and burned areas after the fires, the floristic composition of unburned area comprises: 79 families, 194 genera, 223 species, 26 varieties and 6 formae (255 kinds of vascular plants). The index of similary shows 0.77 (S$\Phi$renson:1948) in this area. The analyses of the life-form compositions in the unburned and burned area show 32.9% and 29.3% in dormancy form (H), 42.4% and 37.7% in disseminule form($D_1$), 80.8% and 82.2% in radicoid form ($R_5$), and 57.7% and 61.8% in erect form(e) respectively. The biological type shows H-$D_1$-R5-e, which is common in both areas, and erect form is generally prevailing in these communities.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2009

Owing to the industrialization, the urbanization and cultivation abandonment actual condition, the most abandoned farmlands increased. Those results have occurred inefficient land use and destruction of agricultural ecosystem with the secondary succession. The research for the abandoned farmlands of Korea is fundamental phase. Also, the researches to restore abandoned farmlands are something yet to develop and not established the restoration for ecological value of abandoned farmlands. The objective of research revealed the ecological functions of abandoned farmlands and it presented an application plan. The research method divided in the literature and case study. Using abandoned farmlands, Japan government tries to create the ecological parks for the conservation of a vulnerable plant species, dragonfly biotope, environmental education and research, etc. Accordingly, the goal for the abandoned farmlands coulds be set suitably to Korean situation as of Japanese styles which are characterized by man-made biotopes.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 1993

소백산국립공원 희방계곡의 삼림군집구조분석을 위하여 25개소에 조사구(1개 조사구당 500$m^2$면적)를 설치하고 식생조사를 실시하여 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification 분석과 ordination기법의 일종인 DCA와 CCA를 적용하였다. DCA에 의해 군집은 4개로 분리되었고. 나뉘어진 군집은 소나무군집, 신갈나무-소나무군집, 신갈나무-노각나무-서어나무군집, 신갈나무-당단풍군집이었다. 환경인자와 조사지 및 수종과의 관계를 분석한 CCA에서는 토양환경이 변화되지 않은 2차 천이 초기단계를 나타내었다. 두 기법에 의해 추정된 천이과정에서 교목상층은 해발 800m이하에서 소나무$\longrightarrow$신갈나무, 졸참나무$\longrightarrow$서어나무(노각나무) 순이었고, 교목하층 및 관목층에서는 진달래, 철쭉, 개옻나무$\longrightarrow$쪽동백나무, 생강나무$\longrightarrow$함박꽃나무, 참개암나무 순으로 추정되었다. 환경인자의 ordination분석에서는 천이가 진행될 수록 수분과 유기물의 토양성질들이 양호하여졌다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.385-394
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• 2001

An attempt to clarify the landscape structure of urban areas was carried out in the greenbelt around Seoul, Korea's metropolis. By means of aerial photographs and a field survey, a vegetation map including land-use pattern was made. Landscape structure was described by analyzing this vegetation map and the results of phytosociological survey. Landscape element types identified were (1) secondary forest, (2) plantation, (3) cultivated field, (4) urbanized area, (5) graveyard, and (6) bare rock. Vegetation units, resulting from the phytosociological analysis, included Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Q. aliena, and Alnus japonica communities. Plantations were composed of Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa, P. rigida, Larix leptolepis, P. koraiensis, and Castanea crenata stands. Patches near to human settlements in the lower zones of the mountains were fragmented and small but they became larger towards the higher mountain zones. On the other hand, the number of patches was fewer and their size was larger in Mt. Cheonggye more distant from the principal residential area, larger in size, and higher in elevation compared with the other 2 mountains, Mt. Daemo and Mt. Acha. Floristic composition of Mongolian oak(Q. mongolica) stand distributing in the upper part of each mountain, in which artificial interference is rare, showed a difference among those study areas different in parent rock and disturbance regime. But that of black locust(R. pseudoacacia) stand located in lowland of mountainous area, in which artificial interference is frequent was similar to each other. As the results of analyses on the frequency distribution of diameter classes of major species, dominant landscape elements, Mongolian oak forest showed different responses depending on artificial interference as continuous maintenance and retrogressive succession in the sites far from and near to the residential areas, respectively. On the other hand, black locust stands showed a probability to be restore to the native oak forest through progressive succession.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1985

This report is a part of the investigations of the secondary vegetation successions carried out and the analysis of soil properties in the burned areas of forest. The fires-crown fire and surface fire-were occurred at April, 1978 and February, 1984. The investigations were carrited out from August 10. 1983 to September 25, 1984. The burned areas studied are located in southern slope of Mt. Ssalibagu (above sea-level, 590m), So-myon, Sungju-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea. The results are as follows: The floristic compositions of the burned area at the 5th year after the fires were 85 families, 250 genera, 321 species and 53 varieties. Among them, 85 families, 127 genera, 129 species and 30 varieties were found in the currently burned area. In all the sampling sites (10*10cm), 31 and 57 species were found in the currently burned and in the 5th years after the fires, respectively. Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Quercus serrata and Festuca ovina were dominant species in the both areas. Biological spectra in both the burned areas showed $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type. Degree of the succession(DS) was 412-884 in the 5th years passed burned area and it was high level. Species diversity index(H) was 0.59~1.13 and evennes index(e) was 0.43~0.79, these indexes between both areas were different considerably. Indexes of similarity between both areas were different, too, but that between $B_1$ and $B_6$ was the highest (CCj=0.5). Probably this phenomenon is due to the great numbers of the pine trees appeared simulataneously. Content of the organic matter, N, P, K and Ca of soil in the burned area at the 5th years after the fires was lower than that of soil in the currently burned area.

• 지질공학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.397-409
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• 2018

일본 시코쿠 서부의 이즈미 퇴적분지는 중앙구조선의 굴곡부(사쿠라기 굴곡) 서쪽에 널리 분포하고 있다. 시코쿠 서부의 이즈미 퇴적분지의 형성 메커니즘은 아직 잘 알려지지 않고 있다. 이즈미 퇴적분지의 층서는 일반적으로 굴곡부를 향해서 퇴적시기가 젊게 퇴적되는 경향을 보인다. 이 특징은 비대칭 pull-apart 퇴적분지와 비슷하다. 그래서, 이즈미 퇴적분지가 비대칭 pull-apart 퇴적분지인지에 대한 연구를 아날로그 모델실험을 이용하여 수행하였다. 실험을 실시하여 길이 60 cm, 폭 20 cm 정도의 퇴적 분지가 형성되었다. 모래 표면에는 퇴적분지를 감싸듯 2차 단층으로 정단층이 나타났다. 또한, 변위방향과 평행한 단면에서는 퇴적한 층이 개방성의 굴곡부를 향해서 층리가 젊어져 가는 구조가 보였다. 변위방향과 수직단면에서는 주로 단층과 반대의 경사를 가진 선상(listric) 정단층이 확인되었다. 이 결과는 이즈미 시코쿠 서부의 퇴적분지와 매우 유사하며, 이즈미 시코쿠 서부의 퇴적분지가 비대칭 pull-apart퇴적분지의 가능성을 지지하는 것이다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-102
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• 1996

한반도 난대기후대의 식생구조를 연구하기 위하여 남해안 도서지방의 상록활엽수림 지역에 52개 조사구를 설치하였다. 난대상록활엽수림은 지리적 격리와 인위적 교란에 의해 지역간 식생구조가 매우 상이하였다. 조사지의 식생들은 대체적으로 자연적 식생천이가 이루어진 상록활엽수림 집단, 장기간 훼손되었거나 관리되어온 상록활엽수림 집단, 그리고 상록활엽수종으로 천이되고 있는 조림식생 집단으로 구분되었다. 52개 조사구에서 80% 이상의 상재도를 보인 수종은 후박나무, 사스레피나무, 마삭줄, 생달나무, 광나무 등이었다. 난대기후대의 극상군락이라고 추정되는 육박나무군락은 주도와 애도에 잔존하고 있었다. 과거 교란이 있었던 해안지역에서는 구실잣밤나무로 이차천이가 예상된다.