• 제목/요약/키워드: Secondary damage

검색결과 465건 처리시간 0.027초

주파수 추적 방식에 의한 이식형 의료기기용 무선전력전달 장치 구현 (Implementation of a Transcutaneous Power Transmission System for Implantable Medical Devices by Resonant Frequency Tracking Method)

  • 임형규;이장우;김동욱;이정현;성기웅;김명남;조진호
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.401-406
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    • 2010
  • Recently, many implantable medical devices have been developed and manufactured in many countries. In these devices, generally, energy is supplied by a transcutaneous method to avoid the skin penetration due to the power wires. As the most transcutaneous power transmission methods, the electromagnetic coupling between two coils and resonance at a specific frequency has been used widely. However, in case of a transcutaneous power transmitter with a fixed switching frequency to drive an electromagnetic coil, inefficient power transmission and thermal damage by the undesirable current variation may occur, because the electromagnetic coupling state between a primary coil and a secondary coil is very sensitive to skin thickness of each applied position and by person. In order to overcome these defects, a transcutaneous power transmitter of which operating frequency can be automatically tracked into the resonance frequency at each environment has been designed and implemented. Through the results of experiments for different coil surroundings, we have been demonstrated that the implemented transcutaneous power transmitter can track automatically into a varied resonance frequency according to arbitrary skin thickness change.

생지황(生地黃) 추출물(抽出物)이 DNCB로 유발(誘發)된 생쥐의 Allergy성(性) 접촉피부염(接觸皮膚炎)에 미치는 영향(影響) (The effect of Rhemanniae radix extract on allergic contact dermatitis on Mice induced by DNCB)

  • 신광식;손정숙;김동은;전원준;정승현;신길조;이원철
    • 대한한의학방제학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.257-279
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    • 2000
  • Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease resulting from specific immunologic to topically applied various allergen. After Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) secondary sensitization, the ICR mice administered Rhemanniae radix extract (RRE) was observed to ascerstain the effect of RRE on allergic contact dermatitis. Purpose of this study was to investigate contact hypersensitivity assay, abdominal skin morphologic changes. Including mast cells and cell-surface glycoconjugates. The change of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25R). ICAM in abdominal skin, lymph node of inguinal region, and electro microscope-morphologic changes of abdominal skin. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The contact hypersensitivity assay, the ear swelling in the RRE had lesser probability than in the ACD Group. 2. In the general morphologic change of skin, hyperplasia of keratinocytes, distribution of vasculogenesis and epidermal lymphocytes infiltration were decreased in the RRE group compared with the ACD group. In epidermal basal layer and prickle layer, cell damage was decreased in the RRE group compared with the group painted with ACD. 3. MasT-cell in dermis was decreased in the RRE group compared with the group painted with DNCB. 4. Distribution of interlukin-2 Receptior positive cell and ICAM positive cell in dermis was decreased in the RRE Group compared with the ACD group. 5. Distribution of helper T-lymphocyte and cytotoxic T-lymphocite in inguinal nodes was decreased in the RRE group, and was observed well in paracortical area and cortical cord. 6. Distribution of apoptotic cell was appeared in the RRE group compared with the ACD group, in skin, dermis. in inguinal nodes, paracortical area observed well. With above results, the restarint of immunosuppression occuring in Allergic contact dermatitis is resulted in the slow progress the effect of Allergic contact dermatitis, and it is thought that ithis fact has a series of relation with apoptosis.

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급성 경막하 혈종에서 응급 두개골 천공의 위치 (Emergency Trephination Site of Acute Subdural Hematoma)

  • 문수현;김근회;권택현;박윤관;정흥섭;서중근
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.659-663
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    • 2000
  • The motality rate of acute subdural hematoma(ASDH) associated with closed head injury is high in spite of recent advances in neurosurgery. Many variables in regard to outcome of ASDH have been assessed. But among them, intracranial pressure(ICP) control and the time interval between injury and operative evacuation are the only things that can be affected by doctor. We introduced a simple method to the management of ASDH for reducing the time interval between injury and operation. When the immediate decompressive operation of ASDH was impossible by any causes, we made a burr hole at the center of hematoma, usually on 2-3cm above temporal squama and 1-2cm behind coronal suture under local anesthesia before main operation. Partial hematoma evacuation was achieved through the burr hole and it was effective in preventing further worsening of patients neurological status before main operation. Prompt hematoma evacuation through the burr hole seemed to be effective in delaying secondary ischemic brain damage and made easy to closing the dura opening and replacement of the bone flap at the end of main decompressive operation. This easy method may reduce the time interval between injury and operation. We represent surgical technique with two cases of ASDH managed with this simple method.

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Application of Scale-Up Criterion of Constant Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficient ($k_La$) for Production of Itaconic Acid in a 50 L Pilot-Scale Fermentor by Fungal Cells of Aspergillus terreus

  • Shin, Woo-Shik;Lee, Dohoon;Kim, Sangyong;Jeong, Yong-Seob;Chun, Gie-Taek
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.1445-1453
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    • 2013
  • The scale-up criterion of constant oxygen mass transfer coefficient ($k_La$) was applied for the production of itaconic acid (IA) in a 50 L pilot-scale fermentor by the fungal cells of Aspergillus terreus. Various operating conditions were examined to collect as many $k_La$ data as possible by adjusting the stirring speed and aeration rate in both 5 L and 50 L fermentor systems. In the fermentations performed with the 5 L fermentor, the highest IA production was obtained under the operating conditions of 200 rpm and 1.5 vvm. Accordingly, we intended to find out parallel agitation and aeration rates in the 50 L fermentor system, under which the $k_La$ value measured was almost identical to that ($0.02sec^{-1}$) of the 5 L system. The conditions of 180 rpm and 0.5 vvm in the 50 L system turned out to be optimal for providing almost the same volumetric amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) into the fermentor, without causing shear damage to the producing cells due to excessive agitation. Practically identical fermentation physiologies were observed in both fermentations performed under those respective operating conditions, as demonstrated by nearly the same values of volumetric ($Q_p$) and specific ($q_p$) IA production rates, IA production yield ($Y_{p/s}$), and specific growth rate (${\mu}$). Specifically, the negligible difference of the specific growth rate (${\mu}$) between the two cultures (i.e., $0.029h^{-1}$ vs. $0.031h^{-1}$) was notable, considering the fact that ${\mu}$ normally has a significant influence on $q_p$ in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as itaconic acid.

보급형 3D 프린터로 제작한 쇄골 골절 모델을 이용한 정형외과 수술에 대한 유용성과 활용가능성 평가 (Evaluation of Usefulness and Availability for Orthopedic Surgery using Clavicle Fracture Model Manufactured by Desktop 3D Printer)

  • 오왕균
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.203-209
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    • 2014
  • 쇄골 CT 영상을 이용하여 보급형 3D 프린터로 제작된 모델로 사전 수술계획을 실시하여 수술효율에 대한 유용성과 임상적 활용가능성을 평가하였다. CT 영상을 Open Source DICOM Viewer Osirix에서 STL 파일로 변환하여 FDM 와이어 척층가공방식의 보급형 3D 프린터로 환자 맞춤형 쇄골 골절 모델을 제작하였다. 또한, 인체의 좌우 대칭 특성을 이용하여 골절되지 않은 반대편 쇄골의 STL 파일을 Mirror 기법으로 손상되기 전 원형의 모델을 복원, 제작하였다. 모델은 골절의 위치와 크기, 정도가 동일하게 출력되었다. 영상의학과에서 적은 비용과 시간으로 직접 제작한 쇄골 모델을 활용하면 수술시 2차 손상을 줄이고, 최소 침습적 피하금속판 골유합술(MIPO)로 수술효율을 높일 수 있어 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術) (Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop)

  • 김길웅;박광호
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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Long-term postoperative satisfaction and complications in nasal bone fracture patients according to fracture type, site, and severity

  • Choi, Min Hyub;Cheon, Ji Seon;Son, Kyung Min;Cho, Woo Young
    • 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2020
  • Background: It is difficult to completely fix nasal bone fractures with closed reduction, as it is often accompanied by septal cartilage damage, and this often results in postoperative secondary deformities. Thus, patients are often reluctant to undergo closed reduction surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate aesthetic and functional satisfaction, as well as satisfaction with and complications of closed reduction, according to nasal bone fracture type. Methods: The subjects were patients who underwent closed reduction under general anesthesia from January 2017 to December 2018. Based on the modified Murray classification, patients were classified into five groups according to the fracture site, septal fracture, and deviation. A total of 211 patients were sent a web-based survey on postoperative satisfaction and complications, as well as intention for revision and cosmetic surgery. Sixty-one patients (28.9%) responded. Results: There were no significant differences in aesthetic and functional satisfaction or satisfaction with closed reduction according to the fracture type, site, or severity. Postoperative functional complications developed in 14 of 61 patients (22.95%). With 10 out of 24 (41.67%) patients (p = 0.044), the bilateral fracture with septal fracture or prominent septal deviation type had a higher incidence of complications than the other types. Conclusion: The incidence of complications is higher for bilateral fracture with septal fracture or prominent septal deviation compared to the other nasal bone fracture types. Therefore, long-term follow-up after closed reduction surgery for this fracture type can aid in establishing additional postoperative treatment plans and improving patient satisfaction.

자전거 사고 위치 추적 및 알림 시스템 (Bicycle Accident Position Tracing and Alarm System)

  • 김장원
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2014
  • 고유가 시대에 대체 에너지를 찾고, 개인의 건강 증진 추세에 따라 점점 자전거를 이용하는 사람이 증가하고 있고, 이에 따라 자전거 교통사고 또한 증가되고 있다. 자전거 교통사고의 경우, 탑승자에게 사고의 충격량이 고스란히 전달되기 때문에 신체적 위험도가 높다. 그렇기 때문에 스스로 사고를 신고하기 어려워 사고에 대한 신속한 대응을 하지 못 할 수가 있다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 사고 발생 시 자전거에 장착된 사고 알림 장치를 통해 사고를 감지하고 감지된 신호를 바탕으로 GPS 장치에 의해 사고 위치 확인 후, 스마트폰의 어플리케이션을 이용하여 문자전송 및 사고위치 정보를 전송함으로서 탑승자의 안전성을 향상시키는 목적으로 자전거 사고 알림 시스템을 개발하였다. 그리고 실험을 통해 사고 발생 이후 2차 피해를 막기 위한 신속한 사고 대응 방법을 구축하여 구현한 시스템의 효율성을 확인할 수 있었다.

용접형과 무용접형 하지철물의 수평변위 추종능력에 관한 연구 (A Study on Horizontal Displacement Following Ability of Welded and Non-welded Building Hardware)

  • 이돈우;곽의신;손수덕;이승재
    • 한국공간구조학회논문집
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2016
  • Building hardware joints are welded in most cases, which have risks of fire and explosion. Besides, the secondary damage of the destruction of the welded parts can be caused by the horizontal displacement of the structure due to earthquake or wind load. This paper compared the horizontal displacement following abilities of welded building hardware and non-welded building hardware. To do this, We conducted actual formation shake table test, and checked on the horizontal displacement following ability of structure by comparing their responses to earthquake load. We made the 2m-high framework to examine the responses of the actually constructed building hardwares, and analyzed the displacement responses of the welded-typed, non-welded-typed, and cruciform bracket building hardwares. We conducted the test by increasing acceleration rate until displacement reached 40mm corresponding to allowable relative story displacement II. The result of the test showed that the building hardware using welding work made cracking and breakage on welded connections of welded building hardware, but non-welded building hardware with no use of welding work and cruciform bracket building hardware make no problem, and that non-welded building hardware is superior to that of the welded building hardware in the horizontal displacement following ability due to earthquake or wind load.

Superoxide Dismutase가 백서의 실험적 치은염과 3T3 섬유모 세포의 활성에 미치는 영향 (THE EFFECT OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ON EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS AND ACTIVITY OF 3T3 FIBROBLAST)

  • 김윤성;유형근;강현구;신형식
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.222-238
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    • 1995
  • Inflammatory cells may produce active species of oxygen in antimicrobial defense. While such species can directly damage surrounding tissue, their major secondary role may be to mediate important components of the inflammatory response. Superoxide dismutase, antioxidant, have significant anti-inflammatory properties in rheumatoid arthritis, ischemic tissue injury and gastrointestinal disease. Increased oxidative product formation diseases. And superoxide dismutase produced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis is resistant to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocyte. The purpose of this study was to investigate on the effects of superoxide dismutase in 3T3 fibroblast and in experimental gingivitis in the rats. The effect of superoxide dismutase(SOD) to cell morphology and cell activity was measured in cultured mouse 3T3 fibroblast. After experimental gingivitis were induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPb) and bovine serum albumin(BSA), injection of SOD were done. WBC count and histologic findings were observed at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days. The results were as follows; 1. There was a little difference between LPS treated groups and SOD treated groups in 3T3 fibroblast morpholoy. 2. There was no difference between only SOD treated groups (except SOD 150U at 3days) and control in 3T3 fibroblast activity. 3. LPS $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ and SOD treated groups (except 150U) had decreased 3T3 fibroblast activity and no significant difference at 3 days. 4. LPS $5.0{\mu}g/ml$ and SOD treated groups were significantly increased cell activity of 3T3 fibroblast than control group at 1 day(P<0.05). 5. In LPS induced gingivitis, the number of leukocytes in SOD treated was significantly decreased than in saline treated at 1 day(P<0.05). 6. In histopathologic findings of LPS or BSA induced gingivitis, inflammatorycell infiltration in SOD treated groups were less than in saline treated group at 1, 2 and 3 days.

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