• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.767-772
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• 2009

Purpose: Among reasons for reoperations in augmentation mammoplasty, palpable implant, due to thin skin is relatively common, but not easy to correct, especially if thin skin area is wide. The capsule around the implant is a physiologic response to foreign body, naturally formed, and suitable for use as a flap because of its high vascularity. Authors report that capsular flap is very effective and successful method for correction of implant palpability in secondary breast augmentation. Methods: From September 2007 to September 2008, the capular flaps were performed on 5 patients having palpable and wrinkling breast implants due to very thin skin among the cases on whom secondary augmentation mammaplasty had been performed. After the capsular flap was elevated according to thin skin area, the capsular flap was turned down or over to cover the thin skin area and made the thin skin area thick. Results: Post - implant palpable breast wrinkling had been successfully corrected by capsular flaps and breast implants were not palpable any more during the follow - up period(average 9.2 months). All patients who suffered from deformed breast were satisfied. Conclusion: Authors suggest that the capsular flap is a ideal, effective and useful method in management of implant palpability.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.422-428
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• 2007

The columella, nasal tip, lip relationship in the secondary bilateral cleft deformity remains an enigma and a great challenge for the cleft surgeon. A subset of patients with bilateral cleft lip still require columellar lengthening and nasal correction, despite the advances in preoperative orthopedics and primary nasal corrections. An approach to correct this deformity is described. This consists of 1) lengthening the columella, 2) open rhinoplasty, allowing definitive repositioning of lower lateral cartilages, ear cartilage grafting to the tip and columella when necessary, 3) nasal mucosal advancement, 4) alar base narrowing and 5) reconstruction of the orbicularis oris as required. In surgical repair of the cleft lip nose, the timing of the operation(during lip closure, before or after the puberty growth sput), and the operative technique play a key role in the final result. In this study, 13 cleft lip patients who had undergone a secondary cheilorhinoplasty at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital were evaluated to check the proper time and method of the operation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.490-500
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• 1996

The conventional method to deal with current transformer (CT) Saturation is over dimensioning of the core so that CTs can carry up to 20 times the rated current without exceeding 10% ratio correction. However, this not only reduces the sensitivity of relays as some errors may still be present in the secondary current when a severe fault occurs, but also increases the CT size. This paper presents an algorithm for compensating the distorted secondary current of iron-cored CTs under CT saturation using the magnetization (flux-current : .lambda.-i) curve and its performance is examined for fault currents encountered on a typical 345[kV] Korean transmission system, under a variety of different system and fault conditions. In addition, the results of hardware implementation of the algorithm using a TMS320C10 digital signal processor are also presented. The proposed algorithm can improve the sensitivity of relays to low level internal faults, maximize the stability of relays for external faults, and reduce the required CT core cross-section significantly. (author). refs., figs.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.310-315
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• 2008

Authors design a rotary-type small-scaled linear induction motor(LIM) and a performance test machine before manufacturing a real-scaled LIM for a railway transit. The designed LIM is a single-sided, short primary type and its primary has 4 poles. The rated power is 10(kW). In order to analyze characteristics of the LIM, authors use a mixed 2D-3D FEM analysis. 3-D FEM analysis is used for calculating a distribution of eddy-current on the semi-caped AL-sheet of the secondary reaction. Authors calculate a correction factor of conductivity and an equivalent conductivity on the secondary AL-sheet using a normalized eddy-current. The equivalent conductivity which is calculated in this way includes a transverse edge-effect of the LIM. Authors apply the equivalent conductivity on the secondary AL-sheet of 2D-FEM model and get performance characteristics of the LIM. Basic characteristics such as thrust and normal force, input current, efficiency and power factor of the LIM have been analyzed with the variation of frequency and speed. In order to apply an air-gap control system, the variation of the basic characteristics have been analyzed with the air-gap length variation of the LIM. Finally, authors introduce an operation mode using the air-gap control system and conduct a research on feasibility of the system.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2018

Background: $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap technique is one of the most challenging operations to correct horizontal deficiencies in secondary cleft lip deformity. Since its first introduction, the operative method was dynamically modified from simple variation to complete conceptual change, but conventional $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap has many drawbacks in esthetic and functional aspect. Our purpose was reconstructing the symmetry of Cupid's bow and central vermilion tubercle with minimal sequalae. Methods: From 2008 to 2016, this technique was applied to 16 secondary cleft lip patients who had total or more than 60% of unilateral deficiency of Cupid's bow and central lip or tubercle pouting deficiency. A quadrangular-shaped flap was transferred from vermilion including skin and white line of central or contralateral lower lip. Pedicle division and insetting were made at 9 (unilateral) or 10 (bilateral) days after transfer. Secondary lip revision was done with open rhinoplasty after wound maturation. Results: Overall satisfaction was high with modified technique. Scar was minimally noticeable on both upper and lower lip especially. Balanced Cupid's bow and symmetric vermilion tubercle were made with relatively small size of flap compared to conventional $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap. An accompanying benefit was reduced ectropion of lower lip, which made balanced upper and lower lip protrusion with more favorable profile. Conclusion: A new modified $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap technique showed great satisfaction. It is worth considering in secondary cleft lip patient who has central lip shortage and asymmetry of upper lip vermilion border line. Our technique is one of the substitutes for correction of horizontal and central lip deficiency with asymmetric Cupid's bow.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 1999

Secondary deformities of the lip and nose in individuals with repaired unilateral and bilateral clefts may vary in severity, depending on the state of the original defect, the care taken in the initial surgical procedure, the pattern of the patient's facial growth, and the effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic technique. Because each patient has a unique combination of deformities, their surgical reconstruction usually requires the modification and combination of several surgical techniques. Residual lip deformities after primary repair may be esthetic or functional and include scars, skin shortage or excess(vertical and transverse), orbicularis oris muscle malposition or diastasis. The key to accurate repair of secondary cleft lip deformities is a precise diagnosis. This requires observation of the patient in animation and repose. The quality of the scar is not the only factor determining the overall appearance of the lip. Observing the patient in the animated position is critical to assess muscular function. Factors that require precise analysis include lip length, the appearance of the Cupid's bow and philtrum, and nasal symmetry. Only after this detailed analysis can a decision be made as to wether a major or minor deformity exists. We report successful cases using various techniques for the secondary lip deformities.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.553-560
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical risk according to the applicator heterogeneity, mislocation, and tissue heterogeneity correction through a dose verification program during brachytherapy of cervical cancer. We performed image processing with MATLAB on images acquired with CT simulator. The source was modeled and stochiometric calibration and Monte-Carlo algorithm were applied based on dwell time and location to calculate the dose, and the secondary cancer risk was evaluated in the dose verification program. The result calculated by correcting for applicator and tissue heterogeneity showed a maximum dose of about 25% higher. In the bladder, the difference in excess absolute risk according to the heterogeneity correction was not significant. In the rectum, the difference in excess absolute risk was lower than that calculated by correcting applicator and tissue heterogeneity compared to the water-based calculation. In the femur, the water-based calculation result was the lowest, and the result calculated by correcting the applicator and tissue heterogeneity was 10% higher. A maximum of 14% dose difference occurred when the applicator mislocation was 20 mm in the Z-axis. In a future study, it is expected that a system that can independently verify the treatment plan can be developed by automating the interface between the treatment planning system and the dose verification program.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Purpose: The nasal bones are the most common fracture sites of the facial bones, and a careful reduction may still result in secondary deformities, such as saddle nose, deviated nose, hump nose etc, requiring secondary cosmetic rhinoplasty. Therefore, this study examined the clinical characteristics of nasal bone fractures to propose guidelines for patient selection and surgical procedures to achieve more satisfactory results and to prevent secondary deformities with simultaneous augmentation rhinoplasty and bony reduction. Methods: The study was based on 26 out of 149 nasal bone fracture patients who underwent simultaneous augmentation rhinoplasty with bony reduction between May 2008 and April 2009. Retrospective analysis was performed according to the clinical data, surgical techniques and postoperative results. Results: Of the 26 patients, there were 15 males and 11 females. The incidence according to the Stranc's classification revealed that 62% of patients were injured by a frontal impact and 38% by a lateral impact. Frontal impact plane I (50%) was the most frequent type. At the follow up, 18 (81.2%) out of 22 patients were satisfied with their postoperative outcome, and the remaining 4 patients were fair. No one was dissatisfied. However, 5 cases in 3 patients (23%) had some complications; minimal implant deviation in 2 cases, minor irregularity on the nasal dorsum in 2 cases and palpable implant movement under palpation in 1 case. None of these cases required surgical correction. Conclusion: With the proper guidance, simultaneous augmentation rhinoplasty with bony reduction can prevent secondary deformities and satisfy the cosmetic outcomes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.470-476
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• 2012

Background The whistle deformity is one of the common sequelae of secondary cleft lip deformities. Santos reported using a crossed-denuded flap for primary cleft lip repair to prevent a vermilion notching. The authors modified this technique to correct the whistle deformity, calling their version the cross-muscle flap. Methods From May 2005 to January 2011, 14 secondary unilateral cleft lip patients were treated. All suffered from a whistle deformity, which is characterized by the deficiency of the central tubercle, notching in the upper lip, and bulging on the lateral segment. The mean age of the patients was 13.8 years and the mean follow-up period was 21.8 weeks. After elevation from the lateral vermilion and medial tubercle, two muscle flaps were crossed and turned over. The authors measured the three vertical heights and compared the two height ratios before and after surgery for evaluation of the postoperative results. Results None of the patients had any notable complications and the whistle deformity was corrected in all cases. The vertical height ratios at the midline on the upper lip and the affected Cupid's bow point were increased (P<0.05). The motion of the upper lip was acceptable. Conclusions A cross muscle flap is simple and it leaves a minimal scar on the lip. We were able to reconstruct the whistle deformity in secondary unilateral cleft lip patients with a single state procedure using a cross-muscle flap.

• Vascular Specialist International
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.88-93
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to compare surgical revisions and balloon angioplasty after surgical thrombectomy on thrombosed dialysis access as a first event. Materials and Methods: Records of patients undergoing creation of arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) at the Gachon University Gil Medical Center between March 2008 and February 2016 were reviewed. Among them, patients who underwent treatment on first-time thrombotic occlusion after AVG creation were identified. Outcomes were primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency. The patency was generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and patency rates were compared by log-rank test. Results: A total of 59 de novo interventions (n=26, hybrid interventions; n=33, surgical revisions) for occlusive AVGs were identified. The estimated 1-year primary patency rates were 47% and 30% in the surgery and hybrid groups, respectively. The estimated primary patency rates were not different between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.73). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of 6 and 12 months for primary-assisted patency rates were 68% and 57% in the surgery group and 56% and 56% in the hybrid group. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of 12 and 24 months secondary patency rates were 90% and 71% in the surgery group and 79% and 62% in the hybrid group. There were no differences in the estimated primary-assisted and secondary patency rates between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of primary patency (P=0.73), primary-assisted patency (P=0.85), and secondary patency (P=0.78). However, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty can give more therapeutic options for both surgeons and patients.