• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5127-5132
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify associations of internal motivation, perceived health competency, and health literacy with primary and secondary cancer prevention. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted with a sample of 2,700, 30-69 year olds, proportionally extracted from Gangwon Province, South Korea. The dependent variables were actions in primary and secondary prevention and the explanatory variables were 13 questions in three areas: internal motivation (4 items), perceived health competency (4 items), and health literacy (5 items). Result: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that internal motivation, perceived health competency, and health literacy positively impacted primary prevention after controlling for gender and age. As internal motivation, perceived health competency, and perceived literacy increased by 1 point, primary prevention scores increased by 0.11, 0.11, and 0.07 points, respectively. In addition, logistic regression results for secondary prevention showed that health literacy had a positive impact on secondary behavior. As health literacy increased by 1 point, the odds ratio of the practice of secondary prevention was 1.4 times higher. Conclusion: This study suggests that primary and secondary prevention of cancer are significantly related to intrinsic motivation factors, perceived health competency, and actual health literacy. Health literacy concepts that cover the capacity of health management in comprehensive areas need to be applied to education and promotion for improvement of primary and secondary prevention of cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4639-4643
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• 2012

The burden of lung cancer in terms of mortality is the highest among all types of cancers globally. The present study aimed to evaluate lifestyle related habits, clinico-pathological profile and treatment details of lung cancer patients who were registered at Malabar Cancer Centre (MCC), Kerala, during the calendar year 2010. A retrospective evaluation was made from medical records to gather data from 281 registered lung cancer cases in 241 males and 40 females, with a male to female ratio of 6.03: 1. Approximately 89% of the cases were above 50 years of age. Among males about 91% of the cases were smokers and 62% of them had a chronic smoking habit. Adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, non-small cell carcinomas and small cell cancers accounted for 10.7, 13.9, 17.0 and 5.7% respectively. Out of 281 cases around 67% were diagnosed with distant metastasis and the remainder had regional lymph node involvement. However, no statistically significant difference was observed for secondary site of tumor according to gender. As majority of the cases reported at MCC were in an advanced stage of the disease, histology of the secondary site from supraclavicular lymph nodes or liver was taken for diagnosis. Initiation of population based screening for early detection of cancer, and primary and secondary prevention strategies for reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption are high priorities to reduce the lung cancer burden in Kerala.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2545-2549
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in women worldwide. Persistent infection with a human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause for cervical cancer. Vaccination and Pap smear screening are the best methods for prevention of the disease. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the knowledge and views of upper secondary school female students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, toward prevention of cervical cancer. This study was conducted from April 2009 to September 2009 in 8 schools in Kuala Lumpur area using pre-tested and validated questionnaires. Results indicated that the respondents had low knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention although the majority of students (80.4%) had heard about the disease. The level of knowledge of cervical cancr and its prevention was significantly higher among students from the science stream (p<0.001) compared to students from the art stream. Most students (69.3%) agreed to take the vaccination if the service was available in schools. A high percentage of students (82.2%) agreed that the vaccination should be compulsory to the students. In conclusion, most students had low knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention but they had positive attitude toward vaccination and agreed that vaccination should be compulsory. Therefore, suitable educational programmes should be developed to improve the knowledge of secondary school students on the prevention of cervical cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2007

목적: 만성 골수성 백혈병이나 말성 림프구성 백혈병에서 이차성 암의 위험은 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 백혈병을 비롯한 혈액질환을 가진 환자에서 우리나라에서 가장 흔한 암 가운데 하나인 위암의 위험이 증가하는지 조사하여 혈액질환 환자를 대상으로 위암에 대한 보다 적극적인 검진이 필요한지 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 응고장애나 면역저하와 같은 수술에 관련된 위험인자가 있을 수 있는 혈액질환 환자에서 위암 수술이 안전하게 이루어질 수 있는지에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 지난 15년가 성모병원에서 백혈병 및 다발성 골수종, 재생불량성 빈혈로 진단받은 8,376명의 환자를 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 총 9예의 이차성 위암이 확인되었다. 감염이나 출혈등 수술관련 합병증은 발생하지 않았으며, 조기에 발견된 경우 재발도 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 위암의 빈도가 일반인에 비해 크게 증가하지 않아 혈액질환 환자에서 이차성 위암의 감시를 위한 집중적인 프로그램이 따로 도입되어야 할 필요성은 없는 것으로 생각되며, 혈액질환 환자의 위암 수술에 있어 합병증도 크게 증가하지는 않는 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2239-2244
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate the effects of secondary left-sided portal hypertension (LSPH) on the radical operation rate of patients with pancreatic cancer and systemically evaluate the prognosis of patients with LSPH secondary to pancreatic cancer after radical surgery. Materials and Methods: The data of patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent laparotomy over a 15-year period in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital from Jan. 1, 1997, to Jun. 30, 2012 was retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 362 patients with pancreatic cancer after laparotomy were selected, including 73 with LSPH and 289 without LSPH. Thirty-five patients with LSPH (47.9%) and 147 without non-LSPH (50.9%) respectively underwent radical operations. No significant difference was found between these two groups regarding the total resection rate and stratified radical resection rate according to different pathological types and cancer locations. The mean and median survival time of patients after radical operation in LSPH group were $13.9{\pm}1.3$ months and 14.8 months, respectively, while those in non-LSPH group were $22.6{\pm}1.4$ months and 18.4 months, respectively(P<0.05). Conclusions: Radical operations for pancreatic cancer and secondary LSPH are safe and effective. Because high-grade malignancy and poor prognosis are closely associated, the decision for radical surgery should be made more meticulously for the patients with pancreatic cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2325-2327
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• 2016

Gall bladder cancer is generally fatal. The high morbidity and mortality due to gall bladder cancer exerts a significant impact on efforts towards cancer control in high risk populations of the World and a rationale program for control of gall bladder cancer mortality has remained as an unmet need in these populations. Currently there are no effective strategies for controlling gall bladder cancer mortality. This mini review is to highlight the need and feasibility for secondary prevention of gall bladder cancer by screening in high risk populations. A way forward is to assess the role of secondary prevention of gall bladder cancers by conducting randomized-controlled screening trials in high risk populations.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report two cases which suggest Oryeongsan as a pharmacological treatement option for cancer-induced secondary lymphedema. Methods : The cases were two female patients with peripheral edema. The first was diagnosed with cervical cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastasis and suffered from bilateral edema of the lower extremities. The second was a breast cancer patient with right arm lymphedema, which was aggravated after a weekly regimen of chemotherapy. Oryeongsan was orally administered for 3-4 days to both patients. Results : The symptoms in lower extremities and body weight of the cervical cancer patient decreased. The breast cancer patient did not lose body weight, but pain in upper extremities was reduced. Conclusions : Oryeongsan may potentially be an option for secondary lymphedemas, including cancer-induced lymphedema.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3705-3709
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• 2016

Esophageal cancer is one of the top leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Malaysia. To date, neither the prevalence nor incidence of esophageal cancer nationally have been recorded. Esophageal cancer remains a major and lethal health problem even if it is not common in Malaysia. The late presentation of esophageal cancer makes it a difficult and challenging medical problem. Therefore, more governmental and non-governmental organizations of Malaysia should emphasize primary and secondary prevention strategies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7123-7127
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine the utility of secondary circulating prostate cells for predicting early biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and compare the results with the Walz nomagram. Materials and Methods: A single centre, prospective study of men with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy between 2004 and 2014 was conducted, with registration of clinical-pathological details, total serum PSA pre-surgery, Gleason score, extracapsular extension, positive surgical margins, infiltration of lymph nodes, seminal vesicles and pathological stage. Secondary circulating prostate cells were obtained using differential gel centrifugation and assessed using standard immunocytochemistry with anti-PSA. Biochemical failure was defined as a PSA >0.2ng/ml, predictive values werecalculated using the Walz nomagram and CPC detection. Results: A total of 326 men participated, with a median follow up of 5 years; 64 had biochemical failure within two years. Extracapsular extension, positive surgical margins, pathological stage, Gleason score ${\geq}8$, infiltration of seminal vesicles and lymph nodes were all associated with higher risk of biochemical failure. The discriminative value for the nomogram and circulating prostate cells was high (AUC >0.80), predictive values were higher for circulating prostate cell detection, with a negative predictive value of 99%, sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 75%. Conclusions: The nomagram had good predictive power to identify men with a high risk of biochemical failure within two years. The presence of circulating prostate cells had the same predictive power, with a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value. The presence of secondary circulating prostate cells identifies a group of men with a high risk of early biochemical failure. Those negative for secondary CPCs have a very low risk of early biochemical failure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.801-809
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to assess the additional neutron effective dose during passive scattering proton therapy. Monte Carlo code (Monte Carlo N-Particle 6) simulation was conducted based on a precise modeling of the National Cancer Center's proton therapy facility. A three-dimensional neutron effective dose profile of the interior of the treatment room was acquired via a computer simulation of the 217.8-MeV proton beam. Measurements were taken with a $^3He$ neutron detector to support the simulation results, which were lower than the simulation results by 16% on average. The secondary photon dose was about 0.8% of the neutron dose. The dominant neutron source was deduced based on flux calculation. The secondary neutron effective dose per proton absorbed dose ranged from $4.942{\pm}0.031mSv/Gy$ at the end of the field to $0.324{\pm}0.006mSv/Gy$ at 150 cm in axial distance.