• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.751-754
• /
• 2001

A possibility of using waste plastics as a source of secondary fuel in blast furnace has been of recent interest. The success of this process, however, will be critically dependent upon the optimization of operating systems. for instance, the supply of waste plastics must be reliable as well as economically attractive compared with conventional secondary fuels such as heavy oil, natural gas and pulverized coal. In this work, we put special importance on the improvement of the combustibility of waste plastics as a way to enhance energy efficiency in blast furnace. As experimental variables to approach this target, the effects of plastic particle size, blast temperature, and the level of oxygen enrichment were investigated using a custom-made blast model designed to simulate a real furnace. Lastly, the combustion efficiency of the mixture of waste plastics and pulverized coal was tested. The observations made from these experiments led us to the conclusion that with the increase of both blast temperature and the level of oxygen enrichment, and with the decrease of particle size, the combustibility of waste PE could be improved at a given distance from tuyere. Also it was found that the efficiency of coal combustion decreased with the addition of plastics; however, the combustion efficiency of mixture could be comparable at longer distance from tuyere.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.816-819
• /
• 2010

A study on the required propulsion powers at the EAV2 electric propulsion vehicle using power system such as solar cell, fuel cell and secondary cell is conducted, through which the scenario about available supply power is discussed at the optimum propulsion system weight on the specified flight envelope. In the result, it is noticed that propulsion system weight is 7.06kg and fuelcell 500W and secondary cell 100W are available to flight for glider-type electric vehicle with 6m length, 0.35m width.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.8
• /
• pp.3073-3084
• /
• 2022

The propagation of radiation source uncertainties in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) cask shielding calculations is presented in this paper. The uncertainty propagation employs the depletion and source term outputs of the deterministic code STREAM as input to the transport simulation of the Monte Carlo (MC) codes MCS and MCNP6. The uncertainties of dose rate coming from two sources: nuclear data and modeling parameters, are quantified. The nuclear data uncertainties are obtained from the stochastic sampling of the cross-section covariance and perturbed fission product yields. Uncertainties induced by perturbed modeling parameters consider the design parameters and operating conditions. Uncertainties coming from the two sources result in perturbed depleted nuclide inventories and radiation source terms which are then propagated to the dose rate on the cask surface. The uncertainty analysis results show that the neutron and secondary photon dose have uncertainties which are dominated by the cross section and modeling parameters, while the fission yields have relatively insignificant effect. Besides, the primary photon dose is mostly influenced by the fission yield and modeling parameters, while the cross-section data have a relatively negligible effect. Moreover, the neutron, secondary photon, and primary photon dose can have uncertainties up to about 13%, 14%, and 6%, respectively.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.5 no.4 s.17
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2002

The heat produced by the fission in the fuel of HANARO, 30 MW of research reactor, was transferred from the primary cooling water to the secondary cooling water through heat exchangers. The secondary cooling water absorbing the heat was circulated by secondary cooling pumps and cooled through 33 MW of cooling tower. Each capacity of the three secondary cooling pumps was fifty percent ($50\%$) of full load. The two pumps were normally operated and the other pump was standby. One of the secondary cooling pumps has often made troubles by high vibration. To release these troubles the pump shaft has been re-aligned, the pump bearing has been replaced with new one, the shaft sleeve has been replaced with new one, the shaft and the impeller have been re-balanced representatively and/or the vibration of motor has been tested by disconnecting the shaft of pump. But the high vibration of pump cannot be cleared. We find out the weight balance trouble of the assembly in which the impeller is installed in the shaft. After clearing the trouble, the high vibration is relieved and the pump is operated smoothly. In this paper, the trouble solution shooting method of secondary cooling pump is described including the reason of high vibration

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2001

The heat produced by the fission in the fuel of HANARO, 30 MW of research reactor, was transferred from the primary cooling water to the secondary cooling water through heat exchangers. The secondary cooling water absorbed the heat was circulated by secondary cooling pumps and cooled through 33 MW of cooling tower. Each capacity of the three secondary cooling pumps was fifty percent ($50\%$) of full load. The two pumps were normally operated and the other pump was standby. One of the secondary cooling pumps has often get troubles by high vibration. To release these troubles the pump shaft has been re-aligned, the pump bearing has been replaced with new one, the shaft sleeve has been replaced with new one, the shaft and the impeller have been re-weight balanced representatively or the vibration of motor has been tested by disconnecting the shaft of pump. But the high vibration of pump cannot be cleared. We find out the weight balance trouble of the assembly that the impeller is installed in the shaft. After clearing the trouble, the high vibration is released and the pump is operated with smooth. In this paper the trouble solution of secondary cooling pump is described including the reason of high vibration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 2005

Thermal creep properties of the advanced zirconium fuel claddings named by HANA alloys which were developed for high burn-up application were evaluated. The creep test of HANA cladding tubes was carried out by the internal pressurization method in temperature range from 350 to $400^{\circ}C$ and in the hoop stress range from 100 to 150 MPa. Creep tests were lasted up to 800 days, which showed the steady-state secondary creep rate. The creep resistance of HANA fuel claddings was affected by final annealing temperature and various factors, such as alloying element, applied stress and testing temperature. From the results the microstructure observation of the samples before and after creep test by using TEM, the dislocation density was increased in the sample of after creep test. The Sn as an alloying element was more effective in the creep resistance than other elements such as Nb, Fe, Cr and Cu due to solute hardening effect of Sn. In case of HANA fuel claddings, the improved creep resistance was obtained by the control of final heat treatment temperature as well as alloying element.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2015

This study is aimed to study combustion characteristics of low $NO_X$ burner using petroleum cokes as fuel. The petroleum coke, which is produced through the oil refining process, is an attractive fuel in terms of its high heating value and relatively low price. But petroleum coke is a challenging fuel because of its low volatile content, high sulfur and nitrogen content, which give rise to undesirable emission characteristics and low ignitability. The petroleum cokes burner is operated at fuel rich condition, and overfire air are supplied to achieve fuel lean condition. The low $NO_X$ burner is designed to control fuel and air mixing to achieve air staged combustion, in addition secondary and tertiary air are supplied through swirler. Air distribution ratio of triple staged air are optimized experimentally. The result showed that $NO_X$ concentration is lowest when overfire air is used, and the burner function at a fuel rich condition.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.277-282
• /
• 2006

With the aim of achieving half the regulated value of EURO-3 Emission Regulations, an ultra low emission motorcycle has been developed based on a motorcycle with an 1800 $cm^3$, horizontal opposed 6-cylinder engine. For the fuel supply system, an electronically controlled fuel injection system was applied. For the emission purification system, three-way catalysts, a feedback control system with a LAF(Linear Air-Fuel ratio) sensor, and a secondary air induction system were applied. To reduce CO and HC emissions during cold starting, an early catalyst activation method combining RACV(Rotary Air Control Valve) and retarded ignition timing was applied. After the catalyst activation, air-fuel ratio was controlled to maximize the purification ratio of the catalyst according to vehicle speed. For the air-fuel ratio control system, the LAF sensor was used. Furthermore, fine adjustment by the LAF feedback control reduced torque fluctuation due to the air-fuel ratio change. As a result, smooth ride feeling was maintained. Owing to these technologies, half the regulated value of EURO-3 has been achieved without any negative impact to the large-scaled motorcycles' drivability. This paper presents the developed ultra low emission technologies including the control method using an LAF sensor.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.365-369
• /
• 2022

Operating and decommissioning nuclear power plants generates radioactive waste. This radioactive waste can be categorized into several different levels, for example, low, intermediate, and high, according to the regulations. Currently, low and intermediate-level waste are stored in conventional 200-liter drums to be disposed. However, in Korea, the disposal of intermediate-level radioactive waste is virtually impossible as there are no available facilities. Furthermore, large-sized intermediate-level radioactive waste, such as reactor internals from decommissioning, need to be segmented into smaller sizes so they can be adequately stored in the conventional drums. This segmentation process requires additional costs and also produces secondary waste. Therefore, this paper suggests repurposing the no-longer-used spent nuclear fuel casks. The casks are larger in size than the conventional drums, thus requiring less segmentation of waste. Furthermore, the safety requirements of the spent nuclear fuel casks are severer than those of the drums. Hence, repurposed spent nuclear fuel casks could better address potential risks such as dropping, submerging, or a fire. In addition, the spent nuclear fuel casks need to be disposed in compliance with the regulations for low level radioactive waste. This cost may be avoided by repurposing the casks.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2015.12a
• /
• pp.213-214
• /
• 2015

Breakup and ignition of single droplet were experimentally investigated using two independent Nd-YAG lasers. The emulsified fuel was made from n-dodecane and water while varying the relative volumetric fraction. As a result of visualization, breakup and ignition behaviors were dependent on the fraction. Luminosity from the secondary droplets increased as the water fraction decreased. Ignition did not occur below 80% of the n-dodecane fraction.