• 수면정신생리
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2018

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs or arms and uncomfortable paresthesia in the legs. Treatment of RLS can be various depending on the causes, severity, and frequency of the symptoms. In the case of secondary RLS, it is important to identify and manage the cause of RLS. Dopamine agonists have been used as firstline treatments for primary RLS treatment. However, due to augmentation, which is a common side effect of dopamine agonists, recent treatment guidelines are changing to prefer to anticonvulsants such as pregabalin and gabapentin. Iron, opioid, or benzodiazepine may be used when anticonvulsants or dopamine agonists are not adequately treated. Because RLS is a chronic disease, it is essential to establish a long-term treatment plan considering both efficacy and side effects.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권5호
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• pp.389-391
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• 2010

Spinal epidural emphysema is rare and has been described secondary to following medical intervention, such as lumbar puncture and epidural analgesia, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, degenerative disk disease, epidural abscess, and trauma. Rarely, it occurs after chest tube placement. We report a case of spinal epidural emphysema incidentally noted on HRCT after chest tube placement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2012

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare and benign condition that generally occurs in young generations without any precipitating factor or underlying disease. The purpose of this study is to review our experience in dealing with this entity and detail a reasonable course of assessment and management. Methods: From December 1999 to May 2012, 32 spontaneous pneumomediastinum patients were managed in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the result of management. Results: Patients ranged in age from 10 to 38 years, with the mean age of $18.3{\pm}5.6$ years. Twenty-five patients were men and seven were women. Initial WBC count was $10,039{\pm}2,993/{\mu}L$ and thirty-one patients underwent computed tomography. Twenty-two patients underwent esophagography and results were shown to be normal. Twenty-five patients were admitted in the hospital and the mean duration of admission was $3.4{\pm}2.0$ days. All patients were managed conservatively and discharged without any complications. Conclusion: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign condition combined with mild inflammatory signs and secondary causes must to excluded to avoid unfavorable outcomes and select proper management modality.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2016

In Korea, tuberculosis is still common disease. Central nervous system tuberculosis can manifest in a variety of forms, including tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous cerebritis, tuberculoma, tuberculous abscess, and miliary tuberculosis. Although intra-axial tuberculomas are the more common type of CNS tuberculosis, extra-axial lesions are rarely encountered. En plaque tuberculoma is an extremely rare presentation of intracranial tuberculosis with mimicking primary or secondary meningeal neoplasia. We describe a rare case of an en plaque tuberculoma accompanied by tuberculous meningitis and tuberculomas.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Variceal bleeding results in significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The guidelines for the management of variceal bleeding are well established in adults but not in children as there have been insufficient pediatric studies of this disorder. In addition, the adult guidelines for treatment of variceal bleeding cannot be applied directly to children as the etiology and natural course of this disease differs between children and adults. Examples of recommended treatments in children include endoscopic variceal ligation as secondary prophylaxis for biliary atresia whereas a meso-Rex shunt operation for extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. In this review, we discuss prophylaxis options and some technical aspects of endoscopic management for variceal bleeding in children.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.503-505
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• 2006

Purpose: Cutis verticis gyrata(CVG) is a morphologic syndrome, typically occurring on the scalp, characterized by varing development of permanent folds and furrows conferring a corrugated or convoluted appearance which resembles the outer surface of the cerebrum. Cutis verticis gyrata can be categorized into primary and secondary types according to various etiologic factors and associated conditions which cause disease process. Methods: We report a case of essential primary cutis verticis gyrata in a 24-year-old male who did not have any other underlying or associated conditions. Results: After we made an incision to the galea aponeurotica of patient's scalp four times under local anesthesia, we dissected along the subapponeurotic layer and adjusted the flaps each other, and then sutured the flap. Conclusion: After the operation, the clear margin disappeared and it did not recur.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

Channelopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from the dysfunction of ion channels located in the membranes of all cells and many cellular organelles. These include diseases of the nervous system (e.g., generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia, and hyperkalemic and hypokalemic periodic paralysis), the cardiovascular system (e.g., long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), the respiratory system (e.g., cystic fibrosis), the endocrine system (e.g., neonatal diabetes mellitus, familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis, and familial hyperaldosteronism), the urinary system (e.g., Bartter syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia), and the immune system (e.g., myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica, Isaac syndrome, and anti-NMDA [N-methyl-D-aspartate] receptor encephalitis). The field of channelopathies is expanding rapidly, as is the utility of molecular-genetic and electrophysiological studies. This review provides a brief overview and update of channelopathies, with a focus on recent advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms that may help clinicians better understand, diagnose, and develop treatments for these diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2015

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infection that spreads along the fascial planes, causing subcutaneous tissue death characterized by rapid progression, systemic toxicity, and even death. NF often appears as a red, hot, painful, and swollen wound with an ill-defined border. As the infective process continues, local pain is replaced by numbness or analgesia. As the disease process continues, the skin initially becomes pale, then mottled and purple, and finally, gangrenous. The ability of NF to move rapidly along fascial planes and cause tissue necrosis is secondary to its polymicrobial composition and the synergistic effect of the enzymes produced by the bacteria. Treatment involves securing the airway, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, intensive care support, and prompt surgical debridement, repeated as needed. Reducing mortality rests on early diagnosis and prompt aggressive treatment.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2016

Objectives : In pediatrics, one of the most difficult thing might be medication because infant or child cannot take medicine easily. In traditional medicine, Korean taffy or paste preparations sometimes prescribed. Xiao'eryaozhengzhijue was published by Qianyi in 1119 and is specialized for pediatrics text. So I tried to research paste preparations in Xiao'eryaozhengzhijue. Methods : I derived paste preparations from Xiao'eryaozhengzhijue ; paste preparations named on it, and used as paste preparations etc. Results : 1. There were external and internal application of paste preparations. 2. Diverse secondary materials were used for making paste preparations. 3. Several chief complains were recorded in Xiao'eryaozhengzhijue. Conclusions : Paste preparations are really useful way to disease of pediatrics because infant or child cannot take his or her medicine easily. Through the research, I could find out the facts that there are diverse shapes of paste preparations and usages of paste preparations in Xiao'eryaozhengzhijue.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

Carica papaya is an important medicinal plant used in the management of different disease conditions. Phytochemical screening was carried out using different chemical test, Percentage yield and total phenolic content was evaluated using Folin Ciocalteu method in different solvent system; methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and n-hexane respectively. The phytochemical screening of the studies showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, carbonhydrate, anthraquinone and alkaloids. The percentage yield of crude extract and total polyphenol content was high in methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate when compared with n-butanol and n-hexane. The studies show that Carica papaya leave extracts is a potent source of secondary metabolites. The use of the plant in the management of diseases is justified.