• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2002

Hypercholesterolemia is one of main causes of coronary heart disease(CHD). Clinical trials demonstrated that lowering serum cholesterol levels would reduce incidence of new cardiovascular events and mortality by primary or secondary preventions. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare efficacy and side effects of lovartatin and simvastatin in treatement of hypercholesterolemia. In Boramae Hospital, patients were included when they have taken lovastatin 20 mg or simvastatin 10 mg for 52 weeks with laboratory monitoring for cholesterol at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 month period. As results, total 128 outpatients were included with their total cholesterol level <240 mg/dl and triglyceride level <400 mg/dl at baseline. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of lovastatin group (n=60) and simvastatin group (n=68) were significantly reduced from baseline (p=0.001). Lovastatin maximally reduced total cholesterol by $23.9\%,\;triglyceride\;by\;12.3\%$, LDL cholesterol by $36.1\;\%$ and increased HDL cholerterol by $7.8\%$ and simvastatin reduced by $24.1\%,\;20.5\%,\;34.3\%\;respectively$ and HDL increased by $11.2\%$. There were no significant differences between lovastatin and simvastatin in mean percent change of lipid levels at 12, 24 and 52 weeks from baseline. Cumulative percentage of patients reaching the target LDL cholesterol concentration by 24 weeks was $61.7\%$ in lovastatin and $64.7\%$ in simvastatin. Average time to reach the target LDL goal was 100.1 days in lovastatin and 99.8 days in simvastatin. Both lovastatin and simvastatin also significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in all subgroups (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease). In this study, treatment efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease was lower than other patients. Considering clinical importance of secondary prevention, more intensive treatment is necessary to decrease LDL cholesterol level of 100 mg/dl or lower in patients with coronary heart disease or other clinical atherosclerotic disease. There were no serious side effects during the study period. Digestive side effects were most frequently reported (lovastatin $8.3\%\;vs\;simvastatin\;8.8\%$). In conclusion, both lovastatin and simvastatin were similar in lipid lowering effects and there was no difference in incidence of side effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.383-387
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• 1999

Background: We analysed simple chest PA and high-resolution CT findings in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax in order to help selecting the kind of treatment, provide a guidline during surgical treatment, and to recognize the bulla which may not be detected by simple radiographs or may be a potential cause of recurrence. Material and Method: We retrospectively analysed the presence and number of bulla in each side, combined pulmonary disease on simple chest films and high-resolution CT, and methods and frequency of the treatment in 70 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax excluing traumatic origin. Result: 45 patients were revealed primary spontaneous pneumothorax, and the remaining 25 patients were revealed secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. All secondary spontaneous pneumothorax were from the longstanding sequelle of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax group was younger(mean:26.0 years old) than secondary group (mean: 44.1 years old). On simple radiography, bulla was detected in 16 patients(30.2%). On HRCT, the bulla was detected in 53 patients(75.7%) of the total 70 patients. In 48 patients(68.6%), the bulla or bleb was noted in ipsilateral side to the pneumothorax, and 34 patients(48.6%) of them showed bulla or bleb bilaterally. 39 patients(55.7%) showed bulla or bleb in contralateral side. The number of bulla or bleb was variable. In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax group, the incidence of multiple(more than 10) bulla or bleb was higher than primary type. Most of the patients were treated by thoracostomy(36 patients) or bullectomy( 7 patients). Conclusion: HRCT was superior to detect bulla and analyse the combined pulmonary disease than simple radiography. Therefore, HRCT can help to determine the mothod of treatment, provide a guidline during surgical treatment, and notify the bulla as a possible cause of recurrent pneumothorax.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

Purpose : Since Mendoza(1990)'s report that long term methylprednisolone pulse therapy by Mendoza protocol (MP therapy) is a good treatment option in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS), there have been reports of the effects of this therapy in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. However, no studies have been performed on the effects of MP therapy in steroid- dependent nephrotic syndrome and secondary nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effects of long term MP therapy in primary and secondary nephrotic syndrome in which previous treatment options were not effective. Methods : We chose 10 children who were diagnosed with steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome(SD-MCNS), who had shown frequent relapse during the immunocompromised or cytotoxic therapy Period, and 6 children with FSGS and 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome children, who had shown no response during the previous therapy period. We treated these patients according to Mendoza protocol involving infusions of high doses of methylprednisolone, often in combination with oral cyclophosphamide for 82 weeks. Results : In all the 10 children with SD-MCNS, complete remission was visible on average of $18{\pm}9$ days after MP therapy was started. However, all these children relapsed during or after MP therapy. In these children, the mean relapse rate prior to MP therapy was $2.1{\pm}1.0$ relpases/year, which was reduced to $1.4{\pm}0.9$ relapses/year during MP therapy(P>0.05) and rose to $2.7{\pm}1.0$ relapse/year after MP therapy. Of the 6 children with FSGS, 4 children($67\%$) showed complete remission, of whom 3 children($50\%$) remained in the remission status during the follow up period, $1.2{\pm}0.7$ years, after the end of MP therapy. 2 children($33\%$) showed no response. All of the 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome showed remission and remained in the remissiom status during the follow up period, $1.7{\pm}0.6$ years The only side effect of MP therapy was transient hypertension in 10 children of ail subjects during the intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone. Conclusion : We conclude that although long term MP therapy is not effective in the treatment of SD-MCNS, it is an effective therapy against intractable FSGS and secondary nephrotic syndrome. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ; 5 : 117-24)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the skin disease in Sanghanron"傷寒論" and Geumgweyoryak"金匱要略". Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak containing the skin disease and analysis of Woo, Oh, Sung, Zhang, etc. We drew a parallel between skin disease from Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak pruritus was related to psychogenic pruritus and similar to skin disease caused by decrease of sweating, dry skin in cholinergic urticaria, atopic dermatitis and eczema, etc. in western medicine. 2. In Geumgweyoryak ichthyosis was caused by woman's disease, after menopause, chronic disease and malnutrition and related to winter itch and xerotic eczema in western medicine. 3. In Sanghanron Goose bumps, keratosis follicularis, acute and chronic urticaria and cold urticaria were occurred because of poorly managed fever care and side effect of antibiotic. 4. In Geumgweyoryak red face was similar to face flushing and side effects, which is after drug and laser treatment on face, in western medicine. 5. In Geumgweyoryak urticaria was, in a broad sense, skin disease with pruritus and secondary infection resulted from scratch. Skin diseases with pruritus are similar to urticaria, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, nummular eczema, lichen simplex chronicus, prurigo nodularis, neurodermatitis and internal disease with pruritus in western medicine. 6. In Geumgweyoryak spots in the skin were caused by fever and similar to allergic purpura and SLE symptom in western medicine. 7. In Geumgweyoryak bullous disease with yellowish discharge was similar to eczema, pustule, atopic eczema, etc. in western medicine. 8. In Geumgweyoryak repeated inflammation of oral cavity, genitals, eyes and skin was similar to Behcet's disease in western medicine. 9. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak boil was similar to abscess and acute lymphadenitis in western medicine caused by oily foods and infections. 10. In Geumgweyoryak swelling and boil were occurred in a poor health. Damage from metalic material could cause a convulsion and was similar to tetanus in western medicine. Conclusion : We analyzed the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and explanations about skin disease. As a results, we found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of the skin disease in Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of the skin disease.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.140-144
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• 1996

Despite the incidence of tuberculosis has been greatly reduced with chemotherpy, it is still a common disease in Korea. The pharyngeal and laryngeal tuberculosis usually result from direct contamination of the laryngeal or pharyngeal mucosa by sputum heavily laden with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, secondary infection from the lungs via lymphatic or hematogenous routes, or a primary affection from inhaled tubercle bacilli. Recently the authors experienced a pharyngolaryngeal tuberculosis and report this case with brief literatures review.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.252-255
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• 2016

We reported the two cases of olecranon osteomyelitis secondary to the iatrogenic chronic relapsing septic olecranon bursitis. Infection was well eradicated by excision of the infected bursa and curettage of the eroded olecranon under the coverage of antibiotic therapy

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.247-249
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• 2002

A 6-month-old female Pekingese was euthanized due to poor progrosis after 1 month history of neurologic signs that include depression, ataxia, urination and defecation difficulty. At necropsy, no significant gross abnormalities were noted Histologically, neuronal vacuolation was noted in the brain, primarily cerebellum and occasionally in the brain stem area. Neuronal necrosis and secondary axonal swelling were also observed. Differential diagnoses were able to rule out other diseases which can induce neuronal vacuolation such as lysosomal storage disease, prion infection, and postvaccinal change.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-125
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• 1980

Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP) is defined as a disease of young dogs due to developmental abnormality in which there is a seperation of the anconeal process from the diaphysis of the ulna, leading to a front leg lameness and secondary osteoarthritis. A six -year-old German Shepherd dog was presented because of intermittent right front leg lameness. Diagnosis was made of ununited anconeal process with moderate osteoarthritis by radiographic examination. Surgical removal of ununited anconeal process and curettage of osteoarthritic growth within the elbow joint relieved significant clinical signs despite of size and age of the dog.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.90-95
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• 1999

Dermoids are rare disease which arise during embryogenesis. They are the most common variety of teratomas occurring in the head and neck region and most arsies in the nasopharynx or oropharynx. They are invariably benign and derived from only two germinal layers, ectoderm and mesoderm. They usually present as repiratory distress and swallowing difficulty at or soon after birth. Treatment consists of surgical resection. We recently experienced a case of a neonatal nasopharyngeal dermoid which led to severe airway obstruction and feeding difficulty and necessitated the endotracheal intubation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.542-545
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• 1990

Benign esophagobronchial fistula without esophageal atresia is a relatively rare disease. Fistula between the esophagus and bronchi may be congenital, traumatic, inflammatory or neoplastic. In our country, several case reports have been presented and the causes were either congenital, spontaneous, or inflammatory, such as, tuberculosis and diverticulum of esophagus. A 36 year old man experienced cough secondary to swallowing a Korean soup, frequent URIs and dyspnea. Esophagobronchial fistula was diagnosis by the esophagogram. Treatment was by resection with mid-lobectomy of the Rt. lung. After surgery, the patient`s general condition was stable.