• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2011

The lumbrical muscles contribute to the intrinsic plus position, that is simultaneous metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion and interphalangeal (IP) extension. The strength of the lumbrical muscles is necessary for normal hand function. However, there is no objective and efficient method of strength measurement for the lumbrical muscles. In addition, previous studies have not investigated the measurement of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbrical muscles using ultrasonography (US) and the relationship between lumbrical muscle strength in the intrinsic plus position and the CSA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the measurement method of the CSA of the lumbrical muscles using US and to examine the relationship between maximal isometric strength and the CSA of lumbrical muscles. Nine healthy males participated in this study. Maximal isometric strength of the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles was assessed using a tensiometer in the intrinsic plus position which isolated MCP flexion and IP extension. The CSA of the lumbrical muscles was measured with an US. The US probe was applied on the palmar aspect of the metacarpal head with a transverse view of the hand in resting position. There was no significant difference between maximal isometric strength of the lumbrical muscles, but the fourth lumbrical muscle was stronger than the others. The CSA of the lumbrical muscles was significantly different and the fourth lumbrical muscle was significantly larger than the second lumbrical muscle. There was moderate to good correlation between maximal isometric strength and the CSA of the lumbrical muscles. Therefore, we conclude that maximal isometric strength of the lumbrical muscles was positively correlated to the CSA of the lumbrical muscle in each finger, while the measurement of the CSA of the lumbrical muscles, using US protocol in this study, was useful for measuring the CSA of the lumbrical muscles.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 손 추적과 제스처 인식 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 사용자 손의 3차원 기하학적 정보를 취득하기 위해 별도의 장비를 사용한다. 특히, 기존의 물체 검출 및 추적 시스템들에서 제기 되었던 추적 과정에서의 문제점을 피하기 위해 능동적인 타원체 영역을 만들고 손 추적을 위한 영역을 타원체 영역의 안으로 제한했다. 제안된 시스템은 미리 정의된 기간 동안에 손 위치의 이동평균을 계산한다. 그리고 추적영역은 3차원 공간에 편성된 공분산에 기반한 사용자 손 움직임의 불확실성을 추정하여 통계적인 데이터에 따라 능동적으로 제어하였다. 또한 손 위치가 획득되었을 때, 손 제스처를 인식하기 위해 펼쳐진 손가락을 검출한다. 사용자 인터페이스 체제 기반의 시스템을 구현하여 복잡한 환경에서 다중의 대상들이 동시에 존재하는 경우이거나 일시적인 가려짐이 발생하는 경우에도 정확성을 보여 매우 안정적으로 동작할 수 있음을 보여주며, 약 24-30fps의 프레임 비율로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제2권10호
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• pp.713-722
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 깊이정보를 이용하여 케스케이드 방식에 기반한 실시간 손 영역 검출 방법을 제안한다. 실험 환경 조명 조건의 변화로부터 빠르고 안정적으로 손 영역을 검출하기 위해 깊이정보만을 이용한 특징을 제안하며, 부스팅과 케스케이드 방법을 이용한 분류기를 통해 손 영역 검출 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 깊이정보만을 이용한 특징을 추출하기 위해 입력영상의 중심 깊이 값과 분할된 블록의 평균 깊이 값의 차이를 계산하고, 모든 크기의 손 영역 검출을 위해 중심 깊이 값과 2차 선형 모델을 이용하여 손 영역의 크기를 예측한다. 그리고 손 영역으로부터의 특징 추출을 통한 학습 및 인식을 위해 케스케이드 방식을 적용한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 분류기는 정확도를 유지하고 속도를 향상시키기 위하여 각 스테이지를 한 개의 약분류기로 구성하고 검출율을 만족하면서 오류율이 가장 낮은 임계값을 구하여 과적합 학습을 수행한다. 학습된 분류기를 이용하여 손 영역을 분류하고, 병합단계를 통해 최종 손 영역을 검출한다. 마지막으로 성능 검증을 위해 기존의 다양한 아다부스트와 정량적, 정성적 비교 분석을 통해 제안하는 손 영역 검출 알고리즘의 효율성을 입증한다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.35-47
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• 1979

Wave resistance of a parabolic thin ship, with its boundary layer and wake taken into account, was calculated up to second order. In addition to the double-model source distribution on the centerplane, image sources of the wave potential were calculated to keep the body introduced boundary condition undisturbed. Boundary layer and wake effects on the wave-making resistance were included by generating an irrotational flow which matches that exterior to the boundary layer and wake. For this purpose, the boundary layer and wake were calculated. The wave resistance refined with second-order corrections are found to be very important for wave resistance calculations even at moderate Froude numbers($Fr=0.2{\sim}0.3$). Wave-potential corrections are dominate around the bow. On the other hand, Viscosity plays and important role at the stern with its boundary layer and wake development.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.373-392
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• 2001

The main idea behind the paper is to present two alternative methods of homogenization of the heat conduction problem in composite materials, where the heat conductivity coefficients are assumed to be random variables. These two methods are the Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) technique and the second order perturbation second probabilistic moment method, with its computational implementation known as the Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM). From the mathematical point of view, the deterministic homogenization method, being extended to probabilistic spaces, is based on the effective modules approach. Numerical results obtained in the paper allow to compare MCS against the SFEM and, on the other hand, to verify the sensitivity of effective heat conductivity probabilistic moments to the reinforcement ratio. These computational studies are provided in the range of up to fourth order probabilistic moments of effective conductivity coefficient and compared with probabilistic characteristics of the Voigt-Reuss bounds.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

저자들은 1988년부터 1998년까지 시행한 252예의 유리피판술 중 9예에서 미세혈관 문합부의 혈전 등의 이유로 실패하였으며, 이들 중 두경부 및 하지의 7예에서는 첫 수술 4-16일 사이에 제 2의 유리피판술을 성공적으로 시행하여 환부를 치유시키고, 처음에 계획하였던 수술적 목표를 달성하였다. 수부의 2예는 환자 및 보호자와 충분한 상의하여 원거리 피판과 피부이식 등 고식적인 치료 방법을 선택하였다. 수부의 경우는 다른 부위보다 고식적 치료 방법이 덜 부담되었던 것으로 생각되었으며, 두경부와 하지는 환부의 특성상 제 2의 유리 피판술이 최선의 선택으로 생각되었다. 유리 피판술이 실패한 환부에서 계속된 제 2의 유리 피판술을 시행하는 것은, 처음의 수술보다 면밀한 술전 계획과 준비, 완벽한 수술, 수술후의 철저한 환자 관리가 요구되었으나, 이들 환부의 처치에 매우 효과적이고 환자의 기대에 부응할 수 있는 방법이라고 생각된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.577-584
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• 2002

We have employed two methods to remove slime at the end of the sampler in clay layers. The first method is a sampling process that harnesses low pressure to clean up the ground around the sampler tip. The second method, in consideration of a disturbed layer, involves a technique of inserting the sampler 50 cm deep into the ground before cleaning up the verge of the sampler by using high pressure. Physical and mechanical properties of these two methods have been compared and analyzed to investigate how different sampling methods affect degree of disturbance. The first method shows little disturbance since the unconfined compression test results in quite greater E$\_$50//q$\_$u/ in the first method than in the second method. On the other hand, the consolidation test results in a slightly greater compression index in the second method than in the first method, when their indexes are compared in the same depth. This suggests that the second method demonstrates less disturbance than the first method does. It is assumed that the second method may reduce disturbance slightly, However, we suspect that choosing any of the two methods would not obtain a considerable difference in sampling.

• 인문언어
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• 제6권
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• pp.185-211
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• 2004

Korean linguistics or linguistics In Korea has the viviparous limitation that on the one hand, it was influxed from Europe and Japan and on the other hand, these days the American linguistics takes the initiative in Korea. That's why Korean linguistics cannot be free of the problems of 'dependence/independence', 'central/marginal', etc. It calls for two conditions to study the nature of Korean itself and to establish the independence of Korean linguistics in this situation. The first condition is that we should reveal some peculiarities of Korean in itself. The second condition is that we should reveal universals of Korean by comparing it objectively with other languages which are typologically and genealogically different. 1 think the first is important but the latter is more important. To meet the second condition, we analysed the expansion structure of NP in Korean and French, and suggested a new tree-diagram for describing equivalently the NP structure of the two languages. As for VP structure, we suggested some possibilities of comparing the final endings in Korean with personal pronouns in French, and of comparing the prefinal ending 'si' in Korean with the second plural pronoun 'vous', etc. As a result of the comparison of Korean and French, we came to conclusion that Korean is a inflectional agglutinative language while French is a agglutinative inflectional one. In other words, they are same in 'typus', are different in 'topos'. This may be a surprising/unexpected conclusion. But this, we think, can lead us to much closer approach to the nature of the two languages Korean and French.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3901-3905
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• 2015

Objective: Our aim was to investigation the roles of MHC class I chain-related gene A(MICA) and natural killer cell group 2D(NKG2D) in human renal cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The expression of membrane MICA (mMICA) on renal cells and NKG2D on NK cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM); the content of sMICA were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the distribution of mMICA on renal tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry; the interaction between MICA and NKG2D was observed by antibody closed method. Results: Our results showed that the expression of mMICA in renal cancer tissues was significantly higher than in controls, where the soluble MICA was not expressed. Cytotoxic activity of NK cells was significantly reduced after exposure to NKG2D and MICA antibodies (P<0.05), and serum containing sMICA can obviously lower the function of NKG2D (P<0.05). Conclusions: The interaction of mMICA and NKG2D play important roles in mediation of cytotoxicity of NK cells in RCC. On the other hand, sMICA may mediate tumor immune escape through down- regulated NKG2D expression.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2011

Purpose: Neurofibromas may present as multiple or solitary lesions. Although there is no predilection site for solitary lesions, they are rare on the hand. In addition, solitary intramuscular neurofibromas are a very rare pathological type. Here, we report a rare solitary intramuscular neurofibroma in the hand. This paper examines the clinical characteristics of intramuscular neurofibroma arising from the lumbricalis in order to enable a correct diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A 32-year-old male presented with a painless mass on the palm. The physical examination revealed a $3{\times}2$ cm protruding mass that was non-tender to palpation. The vascular and sensory examinations were unremarkable, while the motor examination showed mild difficulty with flexion and extension. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enhancing solid mass between the thenar eminence and second metacarpophalangeal joint. The diagnosis of an intramuscular neurofibroma was confirmed following surgical excision and histological evaluation. Results: The pathological examination was consistent with a neurofibroma, with delicate fascicles and loose fusiform cells in a fibrous stroma, with oval or spindle-shaped nuclei and scant cytoplasm. The background matrix was pale staining and had focal myxoid stroma. There was no significant nuclear pleomorphism and no mitoses. Immunohistochemistry with S-100 was slightly positive. At the 6-month follow-up, motor and sensory function were intact and the range of motion was full. Conclusion: A neurofibroma is a rare tumor of the hand, especially the intramuscular type. Hand surgeons should consider the diagnosis of this tumor based on the examination and imaging.