• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of 29 case series is to report the possibility that a hand acupuncture is effective in relieving headache. Methods : After approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), I analyzed 29 cases medical records of outpatients with headache, who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ oriental medical hospital from December 2008 to December 2010, who have taken a hand acupuncture's treatment without other intervention, and who were diagnosed with one disease of international classification of headache disease second version (ICHD-2). The data was analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine whether a hand acupuncture's treatment differed between before and after treatment's Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) according to types of headache and syndrome differentiation. Statistics program was used SPSS 18.0. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Results : The VAS of patients with headache was reduced after treatment of hand acupuncture from $6.57{\pm}2.04$ to $2.90{\pm}2.04$ for overall headache, from $6.32{\pm}2.05$ to $2.47{\pm}2.03$ for tension-type headache(P<0.001), from $7.10{\pm}2.18$ to $3.70{\pm}1.77$ for migraine(P<0.001), and from $6.00{\pm}1.41$ to $2.50{\pm}3.54$ for headache unspecified. A hand acupuncture produced a decrease in VAS of both ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang(P<0.001) and phlegm turbidity according to syndrome differentiation(P=0.002). No adverse event were encountered in any of the patients. Conclusions : It is suggested that a hand acupuncture may be effective in relieving headache, and could be applicable to first choice of acupuncture treatment for headache.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.396-399
• /
• 2010

Purpose: In hand injury, pedicle is usually damaged by avulsion injury or crushing injury. Because of postoperative pedicle obliteration, it is often hard to save the injured hand and fingers, even after successful replantation. The author introduces three cases of extensive hand injury, and successful results after applicatoin of multiple venous grafts to these patients. Methods: In all cases there was no circulation in any finger. In the first case, some vessels were extracted, so venous graft was applied to two sites of severely damaged venous sites. In the second case, venous grafts were applied to all four digital arteries of all fingers except thumb which got severely crushed, and two sites of dorsal veins. In the third case, venous graft was applied to all four digital arteries of all five fingers, and two sites of dorsal veins and palmar veins each. Results: In all cases, survival of hands and fingers was successful. In the second case, however, amputation in thumb and little finger at DIP joint level was inevitable, because of its severe damage, and the large dorsal defect on index finger was filled with DIEP free flap. Thumb was reconstructed with toe-to-thumb free flap, and additional debulking procedures and contracture release is furtherly needed. In the first case, additional surgery was done, as FDP tendon got re-ruptured, but in long term follow-up, satisfactory range of motion was attained. In the third case, FTSG on dorsal skin region was planned. as flap on dorsal area got partial necrosis. Conclusion: In hand injury, there are many structures to be repaired, but sometimes venous graft is avoided for its long operating time. Even though the length of damaged vessel is enough for anastomosis, the endothelium is often damaged (zone of injury). In extensive hand injury, successful reconstruction would be possible with active venous graft to all vessels suspicious for damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.462-465
• /
• 2002

This paper deals with the problem of synthesis of stable and optimal grasps with unknown objects by 3-finger hand. Previous robot grasp research has analyzed mainly with either unknown objects 2D by vision sensor or unknown objects, cylindrical or hexahedral objects, 3D. Extending the previous work, in this paper we propose an algorithm to analyze grasp of unknown objects 3D by vision sensor. This is archived by two steps. The first step is to make a 3D geometrical model of unknown objects by stereo matching which is a kind of 3D computer vision technique. The second step is to find the optimal grasping points. In this step, we choose the 3-finger hand because it has the characteristic of multi-finger hand and is easy to modeling. To find the optimal grasping points, genetic algorithm is used and objective function minimizing admissible farce of finger tip applied to the object is formulated. The algorithm is verified by computer simulation by which an optimal grasping points of known objects with different angles are checked.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2002

This paper deals with the problem of synthesis of stable and optimal grasps with unknown objects by 3-finger hand. Previous robot grasp research has mainly analyzed with either unknown objects 2-dimensionally by vision sensor or known objects, such as cylindrical objects, 3-dimensionally. As extending the previous work, in this study we propose an algorithm to analyze grasp of unknown objects 3-dimensionally by using vision sensor. This is archived by two steps. The first step is to make a 3-dimensional geometrical model for unknown objects by using stereo matching. The second step is to find the optimal grasping points. In this step, we choose the 3-finger hand which has the characteristic of multi-finger hand and is easy to model. To find the optimal grasping points, genetic algorithm is employed and objective function minimizes the admissible force of finger tip applied to the objects. The algorithm is verified by computer simulation by which optimal grasping points of known objects with different angle are checked.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.121-137
• /
• 2005

The present study aims to examine how the roles of teacher and learners affect the repair patterns of both teacher's and learner's utterances in English as a second language (ESL) classroom discourse. The study analyzed beginning ESL classroom discourse and found that the structure of repair seems to be greatly influenced by the roles of participants in a second language classroom. The teacher's repair work was mainly characterized by self-repair. In contrast, learners' repair sequences were predominantly characterized by other-repair. More specifically, self-initiation by the learner of the trouble source was cooperatively completed by the teacher and the other learners. Other-initiated and other-completed repair was the most prevalent form in the current classroom data, which was carried out by the teacher in both modulated and unmodulated manners. When the trouble sources were mostly concerned with the learners' problems with linguistic competence and information presented in the textbook, other-repair took place in a modulated manner (i.e., recasting and prompting). On the other hand, when dealing with learners' errors with factual knowledge, other-repair was conducted in an unmodulated way (i.e., 'no' plus correction).

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.66-84
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop STEAM hand-on activity task for middle school manufacturing & automation unit. This study was conducted following three stages. First of all, I carried out documents research and requirements analysis. And the goals for STEAM hand-on activity were set at this stage. Second, topics for STEAM hand-on activity were selected, and the organized for designing hand-on activity related STEAM in the development step. Finally, pilot and field test were conducted in order to amend and/or complement in improvement step. The theme and/or title of the hand-on activities were 'Making the print using wood', 'Making the close up photography & telephoto lens for smart phone'. The STEAM hand-on activities were designed for ten hours for each subject respectively. Each hand-on activity consists of problem situation, objectives statement, materials and tools, an evaluating criteria, related knowledge, portfolio and so on.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2019

Background Few scales are currently available to evaluate changes in hand volume. We aimed to develop a hand grading scale for quantitative assessments of dorsal hand volume with additional consideration of changes in skin texture; to validate and prove the precision and reproducibility of the new scale; and to demonstrate the presence of clinically significant differences between grades on the scale. Methods Five experienced plastic surgeons developed the Hand Volume Rating Scale (HVRS) and rated 91 images. Another five plastic surgeons validated the scale using 50 randomly selected images. Intra- and inter-rater agreement was calculated using the weighted kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Paired images were also evaluated to verify whether the scale reflected clinical differences. Results The intra-rater agreement was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.922-0.974). The interrater ICCs were excellent (first rating, 0.94; second rating, 0.94). Image pairs that differed by 1, 2, and 3 grades were considered to contain clinically relevant differences in 80%, 100%, and 100% of cases, respectively, while 84% of image pairs of the same grade were found not to show clinically relevant differences. This confirmed that the scale of the HVRS corresponded to clinically relevant distinctions. Conclusions The scale was proven to be precise, reproducible, and reflective of clinical differences.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.73-88
• /
• 2018

The present study examined how processing features of visual information near the hand would affect task switching. Recent studies reported enhanced cognitive control of visual information presented the near hands. To investigate the enhancement of cognitive control based on the relationship between hand proximity and attention, we implemented 2 experiments. In the task switching performance experiment, the hand proximity effect depended on modality of cue and target. The first experiment showed that stimuli near the hand received greater cognitive control than stimuli far from the hand, resulting in smaller switch cost. The result could rule out the feature-binding problem, which identifies reduced switch cost as the cause instead of hand proximity. Our results show that hand proximity actually reduced switch cost. In the second experiment, we examined the effects of hand nearness, modality, and their interaction on switch cost. In task switching, the target was always visual, and the cue was presented either visually or auditorily. In addition, we manipulated the cue-target interval to observe the preparation effect of cue. The results showed that a visual cue near the hand reduced switch cost by shortening task preparation time. Also, modality switching between an auditory cue and visual target was remarkable in a hand-near condition. The results for the visual cue could be interpreted as a benefit of rapid visual attention orienting. On the other hand, the results for the auditory cue could be interpreted as the cost of interference of modality switching by slower attentional disengagement of stimuli near the hands. Finally, modulation of switch cost by attention induced by hand nearness was discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.11
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for increased understanding of detailed customer needs by age group, and also to improve customer satisfaction. The survey was conducted from August $30^{th}$ to September $15^{th}$, 2017. The poll was conducted with 302 persons aged from 20's to 50's by using convenience-sampling method and self-administration method for survey. The results were analyzed by frequencies, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlations, and through multiple regression analysis. The study results are briefly summarized as follows. First, the overall age group's interest of hand's health was robustly high. Second, in the 20s and 30s age groups hand care interest and self-hand care (r=.284, p<.01) increased with improved hand health condition. In the 40s and 50s age groups there were positive correlations between hand health condition and Information recognition(${\beta}=.246$, p<.1), Product use(${\beta}=.312$, p<.05), and Professional Hand Care(${\beta}=.354$, p<.000). This study indicates that hand care concern and management behaviors change with age. Therefore, further research and more specific follow-up are required for improvement of the awareness of healthy hands.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we propose a real-time approach for detecting and tracking a hand region by analyzing depth images. We build a hand model in advance. The model has the shape information of a hand. The detecting process extracts out moving areas in an image, which are possibly caused by moving a hand in front of a camera. The moving areas can be identified by analyzing accumulated difference images and applying the region growing technique. The extracted moving areas are compared against a hand model to get justified as a hand region. The tracking process keeps the track of center points of hand regions of successive frames. For this purpose, it involves three steps. The first step is to determine a seed point that is the closest point to the center point of a previous frame. The second step is to perform region growing to form a candidate region of a hand. The third step is to determine the center point of a hand to be tracked. This point is searched by the mean-shift algorithm within a confined area whose size varies adaptively according to the depth information. To verify the effectiveness of our approach, we have evaluated the performance of our approach while changing the shape and position of a hand as well as the velocity of hand movement.