• 시큐리티연구
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• 제60호
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• pp.283-302
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• 2019

본 연구는 시큐리티요원을 대상으로 감정노동이 피로도에 미치는 영향과 스트레스 대처 방식에 따른 조절효과를 규명하여 시큐리티요원들의 근무환경과 복지수준의 개선을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시큐리티요원 230명을 대상자로 표집하였으나 응답이 불성실한 자료를 제외한 214명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관분석, 중다회귀분석, 위계적회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상의 연구방법과 절차에 따른 자료분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 시큐리티요원의 감정노동이 피로도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 내면행동이 높을수록 피로도가 낮아지는 반면에 표면행동이 높을수록 피로도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시큐리티요원의 감정노동이 피로도에 미치는 영향에서 스트레스 대처방식의 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 적극적 대처가 높은 집단이 감정노동에 따라 피로도가 높아지는 반면 소극적대처가 높은 집단이 더 높은 피로도를 보이는 것으로 조절효과가 나타났다. 따라서 시큐리티요원의 감정노동은 피로도에 영향을 미치게 되고 스트레스대처방식에 의해 달라질 수 있기 때문에 시큐리티요원들이 적극적인 대처방식을 사용할 수 있도록 조직차원에서 종사원들에 대한 관리시스템에 변화를 주어 조직의 성과를 바탕으로 한 자율적인 기업문화를 모색해야 할 시점이다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 1999

신호 교차로의 지체도에 미치는 가장 큰 영향요소중의 하나는 신호연동인데 신호연동지체도 예측모형으로서 T7RANSTY-7F모형과 NETSIM모형이 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 이는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍기법을 이용해야 하는 복잡함과 실행과정이 쉽지않다. 본 연구는 연동지체의 산정을 도로용량편람의 사용예처럼 간편하면서 시뮬레이션모형과 유사한 결과를 갖는 모형을 연구하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 연구의 범위는 차량군을 대상으로한 거시적모형이며 신호교차로 연동지체를 평가하는 해석적 모형이다. 그리고 정상류상태(v/c<1)를 대상으로 하면서 차량군지체만을 산정하는 모형이다. 본 연구방법은 차량군도착으로 형성되는 누적교통량·시간함수에 의한 지체도산정을 적분법으로서 두 개의 도착유형으로 구분하여 산출하였으며 본 연구결과로는 제안모형내에 차량군 연속진행의 도착패턴을 직접적으로 반영하였고 현실 특성에 부합된 차량군형태를 구성하였다. TRANSTY-7F모형과 유사한 결과를 도출하였으며 수계산으로도 적용할 수 있고 기존의 해석적 모형이 결여된 경우에 대한 지체도예측도 가능하였다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2000

Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster virus and Human herpes virus-6 caused central nervous system infections and latent infections but there is no data of the 3 viruses being tested from the same cerebrospinal fluid samples with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis in adults patients. These viruses produced similar neurologic symptoms but difficulties existed in differentiating of etiologic agents and therefore the viruses needed to be detected in the early state. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) in adults, if not treated promptly was fatal. If treated with antiviral drugs in the early phase of encephalitis, neurologic sequales decreased by 65%. Recently, a PCR method for detection of HSVE with CSF was developed. VZV primary and secondary infections caused neurologic symptoms of encephalitis or meningitis. The second frequency of adult encephalitis that caused VZV were reported. HHV-6 caused CNS latent infection that was studied with normal adults brains. But there is no data of HSV, VZV and HHV-6 for aseptic meningitis and encephalitis of Korean adults through etiologic study. We cultured CSFs on HEp-2 cells and simultaneously tested for HSV PCR, VZV nested PCR and HHV-6 PCR with 8 specific primers. The PCR results of CSF from meningitis Korean adults were 13/19 (68.4%) for HSV, 10/19 (52.6%) for VZV and 12/19 (63.2%) for HHV-67/19 (36.8%) cases were triple infected HSV PCR, VZV PCR and HHV-6 PCR positive; 3/19 (15.8%) cases were dual infected HSV PCR and HHV-6 PCR positive; 1119 (0.5%) cases was VZV PCR positive. Strong viral DNA amplification of CSF means a causative virus may be present in aseptic meningitis or encephalitis patients and may cause clinical neurologic symptoms. HSV and HHV-6 viruses detection rate were higher than VZV by PCR with CSFs.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.117-144
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• 2008

Lots of virtual communities and online businesses presently derive their primary sources of revenues through advertising, but nevertheless are plagued with marginal profitability though they might possess a significant user base. In the light of the need for an efficacious business model, there have been recent insights of an online community in particular reaping profits through an innovative and lucrative revenue generation method that earns by selling digital items. There have been some obvious evidences (e.g., Cyworld, SecondLife, Habo Hotel, etc.) that online communities can be profitable through their unique business model of selling digital items. However, there is lack of understanding about the motivation of purchasing digital items. This study tries to identify the main motivators of digital item purchases based on social/individual identity theory and self-presentation theory. "Digital items", otherwise known as "virtual assets", may include online avatars, accessories for the avatars, decorative ornaments like furniture, digital wallpapers, skins, background music and virtual weapons used for Internet games. These digital items are employed by users for representation and articulation in the online space, especially to create and enhance their online profiles in web pages and games. Prices for digital items typically range from a few cents to a few dollars each. Based on the theoretical framework like social identity theory and self-presentation theory, we developed the research model and proposed seven hypotheses. An analysis of 225 members of Cyworld found that digital item purchase intention in virtual world is affected by both members' need for self-presentation and need for affiliation. We also found that the need for self-presentation is significantly increased by innovativeness of members, community group norm, and community involvement. We concluded that the need for self-presentation could be a key variable for profitable business model in online community service industry. However, neither individual self-efficacy nor the need for affiliation significantly influenced the need for self-presentation which triggers purchase intention of digital items. In term of the theoretical and practical contribution, this study can be a pioneering empirical research that investigates the purchase intention of digital items based on social identity theory and self-presentation theory in the online context. Also, the findings of our study are valuable and practical for practitioners in the market who wish to adopt or improve the business model of selling digital items in an online community. From the findings, it can be seen that innovativeness of users, community group norm, and community involvement are three significant factors that influence need for self-presentation of users which ultimately leads to their intentions to buy digital items. These findings put forth that virtual community providers and online businesses selling digital items should prioritize their efforts and focus on these three factors if they want to increase the sales of these digital items and generate greater revenues. This study provides important implications for academic researchers and practitioners to understand why the community members pay money for their digital items in virtual world and how the practitioners can increase the sales of digital items in an online community. A couple of limitations of the study and future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.396-401
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• 1997

변형식 흉곽 성형술은 폐절제 후 잔여 폐가총장을 채울 수 없는 경우나 농흉이 합병된 경우 폐 절제 후 이차적으로 실시하거나 폐 절제와 동시에 또는 그 이전에 시행된다. 원광대학병원 흉부외과에서는 1990년 3월부터 1995년 8월 까지 폐암종 3예와 폐결핵에 의한 이차성 병변 5예 (2예에서 기흉, 2예에서 아스페루질루스종에 의한 각혈, 떼는 기관지루를 동반한 농흉)에서 폐엽 절제술에 부가적으로 변형 흉곽성형술을 시행하고 조기 및 만기적인 임상 결과를 관찰하고 폐의 부분절제시 변형 흉곽성형술의 적절한 시행방법과 임상적 의의에 대해서 알아보았다. 술식에 있어서 1 번 늑골을 보존하는 대신 폐첨을 늑골로부터 박리하고 2, 3, 4번의 늑골을 골막외로 절제하였다. 4예에서 변형 흉곽성형술이 폐 절제와 동시에 시행되었고,다른4예에서는 폐 절제 후 1내지 8일째에 시행되 었다. 흉곽 성형술 후 재원기간은 평균 13일 (범 위, 10-26일)이었으며 2차 흉곽 성형술을 시 행한 2 예를 제외한 6예에서 술후 4 내지 10일 (평균 6일)에 흉관의 발거가 가능하였다. 흉곽성형술은 폐 절제 후 발생하는 합병증인 농흉의 치료를 위해 이차적으로 시행되는 경향\ulcorner 있으 나, 폐의 부분 절제 (전폐 절제를 제외한 폐엽 절제 및 폐염의 부분절제)후 잔여 폐의 용적이 적거나 폐 실질로부터 공기 누출이 심한 경우, 폐 절제와 동시에,또는 절제 후 조기에 변형 흉곽성형술을시행함 으로써, 빠른 늑막 유착을 유도하고 만기에는 흉곽 변형이 없이 잔여 폐의 확장을 얻을수 있을것으로 사료된다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.378-382
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• 2000

포도 '캠벨얼리'에 있어서 2차지에 결실되도록 하기 위해서 만개후 13일부터 10일 간격으로 신초의 기부로부터 3, 6, 9마디의 눈을 각각 남기고 하계절단 처리를 한 결과, 액아 발아는 7~8일, 발아 후 개화까지는 19~25일 소요되었다. 하계 절단처리시기별 2차지의 화수수는 만개 후 13일 절단처리가 2.8개, 만개 후 23일 및 33일 절단처리가 3.2개로 차이가 없었다. 1차지의 기부에서 3번째 마디의 눈에서 발달한 2차지의 화수수 2.0~2.4개, 화수장 9.3~10.4cm 정도로 발달이 미약했으나, 6번째와 9번째 마디의 눈에서 발생한 2차지의 화수수 3.1~3.8, 화수장 12~14.9cm였고, 특히 6번째 마디의 눈에서 발생한 2차지에서 화수발달이 가장 충실하였다. 만개 후 13일에 절단 처리한 6, 9번째 눈에서 발생된 2차지의 수확기 과실형태 및 특성은 1차지의 과실과 차이가 없었으며, 나머지 만개 후 23일이나 33일 처리는 2차지의 과실 형태는 양호하였으나 성숙기간이 짧아 품질이 낮았다. 따라서 2차지의 과실 결실을 위한 하계 전정의 적기는 만개후 13일이고, 절단하는 마디의 위치는 1차지의 기부로부터 6번째 마디임이 구명되었다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2017

본 연구는 초등수학수업의 개선을 목표로 초등교사의 수학수업에 대한 인식을 조사함으로써 이후 수학수업개선의 방향 설정에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 수학수업분석 강의를 수강하는 초등교사의 수학수업에 대한 생각을 조사하였다. 특히 조사대상 교사들은 수학수업분석에 관심이 있을 뿐 아니라 실제 현장에서 타교사의 수학수업 분석 및 컨설팅 경험이 있는 교사들로, 조사대상 교사들이 가진 수학수업에 대한 생각들이 다른 교사들에게도 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 측면에서 이들이 가진 수학수업에 대한 인식은 중요한 의미를 가진다. 강의 수강 전에 수학을 중요 교과라고 생각하는 이유, 초등학생들이 수학을 싫어하고 어려워하는 이유, 현재 초등학교 수학교육이 제대로 이뤄지지 않은 이유, 바람직한 수학수업의 모습과 이를 위한 변화 등에 대해 서술형 문항을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석하여 이후 수학수업의 변화에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2010

This study was conducted to suggest potential future directions in the effective operations of food safety information on the internet. This study consisted of two sections. The first section was a survey that was performed by 186 dieticians in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. The second section was the assessment of the quality of food safety information on the internet. 163 web sites that provided food safety information on three major searching engines using the search words 'food safety' and 'HACCP' were investigated. The trained panels evaluated the contents of the web sites using a 3-point scale assessment tool. The data collected data from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed using the SPSS package program (version 14.0). The results of this analysis were as follow. The primary purpose of internet usage by detitians was to search for information (87.2%). In addition, the detitians' satisfaction degree of food safety information on the internet was 3.17 out of 5 points. The operators of web sites that were evaluated by the researchers were business and industries (76.1%), public organizations (15.3%), and individuals (8.8%). The following four items, update of content, offer scientific basis or explanation of content, offer useful information and new informations, should be improved immediately. Among evaluation items, six items were shown to be significantly different according to the operators of web sites. The evaluation scores of web sites that were operated by public organizations were significantly higher than those of web sites operated by individuals or business and industries. In conclusion, regular and consistent qualitative evaluation of web sites is needed to improve the quality of information that is provided via the internet. In addition, web sites that provided information on food safety should be actively operated by public organizations.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

Purpose: In Korea, trauma is the $3^{rd}$ most common cause of death. The trauma treatment system is divided into pre-hospital and hospital stages. Deaths occurring in the pre-hospital stage are 50% of the total death, and 20% of those are deaths that are preventable. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to calculate the preventable death rates caused by trauma in our current pre-hospital system, to analyze the appropriateness of the treatment of traumatized patients and to draw a conclusions about the problems we have. Methods: The study was done on traumatized patients who expired at the emergency department from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2009, at the Korea University Medical Centers in Anam, Guro and Ansan. The data on the patients were reviewed retrospectively based on characteristics, conditions on admission and trauma severity. The patient's RTS (revised trauma score) and ISS (injury severity score) was calculated. Preventable death rate was calculated by TRISS (the trauma score-injury severity score). Results: A total of 168 patients were enrolled. All patients were intubated and underwent CPR. Of the total, 72% patients were male, and traffic accidents were the most common form of trauma (52.4%), falls being second (28.6%). Head injury, solitary or multiple, was the most common cause of death (55.4%). Thirty-eight (38, 22.6%) deaths were preventable. The 22.6% preventable death rate consisted of 15.5% potentially preventable and 7.1% definitely preventable deaths. Based on a logistic regression analysis, the relationship between the time intervals until transfusion and imaging and death was statistically significant in the hospital stage. In the pre-hospital stage, transit time from the site of the injury to the hospital showed a significant relationship with the mortality rate. Conclusion: One hundred sixty-eight (168) patients died of trauma at the 3 hospitals of Korea University Medical Center. The TRISS method was used to calculate the preventable death rate, with a result of 22.6%. The only factor that was significant related to the preventable death rate in the pre-hospital stage was the time from injury to hospital arrival, and the time intervals until transfusion and imaging were the two factors that showed significance in the hospital stage. Shortening the time of treatment in the field and transferring the patient to the hospital as quickly as possible is the most important life-saving step in the pre-hospital stage. In the hospital stage, the primary survey, resuscitation and diagnosis should proceed simultaneously.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1990

The regulation of neurotoxicants has usually been based upon setting reference doses by dividing a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) by uncertainty factors that theoretically account for interspecies and intraspecies extraploation of experimental results in animals to humans. Recently, we have proposed a four-step alternative procedure which provides quantitative estimates of risk as a function of dose. The first step is to establish a mathematical relationship between a biological effect or biomarker and the dose of chemical administered. The second step is to determine the distribution (variability) of individual measurements of biological effects or their biomarkers about the dose response curve. The third step is to define an adverse or abnormal level of a biological effect or biomarker in an untreated population. The fourth and final step is to combine the information from the first three steps to estimate the risk (proportion of individuals exceeding on adverse or abnormal level of a biological effect or biomarker) as a function of dose. The primary purpose of this report is to enhance the certainty of the first step of this procedure by improving our understanding of the relationship between a biomarker and dose of administered chemical. Several factors which need to be considered include: 1) the pharmacokinetics of the parent chemical, 2) the target tissue concentrations of the parent chemical or its bioactivated proximate toxicant, 3) the uptake kinetics of the parent chemical or metabolite into the target cell(s) and/or membrane interactions, and 4) the interaction of the chemical or metabolite with presumed receptor site(s). Because these theoretical factors each contain a saturable step due to definitive amounts of required enzyme, reuptake or receptor site(s), a nonlinear, saturable dose-response curve would be predicted. In order to exemplify this process, effects of the neurotoxicant, methlenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), were reviewed and analyzed. Our results and those of others indicate that: 1) peak concentrations of MDMA and metabolites are ochieved in rat brain by 30 min and are negligible by 24 hr, 2) a metabolite of MDMA is probably responsible for its neurotoxic effects, and 3) pretreatment with monoamine uptake blockers prevents MDMA neurotoxicity. When data generated from rats administerde MDMA were plotted as bilolgical effect (decreases in hippocampal serotonin concentrations) versus dose, a saturation curve best described the observed relationship. These results support the hypothesis that at least one saturable step is involved in MDMA neurotoxicity. We conclude that the mathematical relationship between biological effect and dose of MDMA, the first step of our quantitative neurotoxicity risk assessment procedure, should reflect this biological model information generated from the whole of the dose-response curve.