• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 1994

1991년 5월 1일부터 1993년 7월 31일까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에서 시행한 136례의 골반경수술에서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 환자의 나이 분포는 19세에서 55세였고 평균 나이는 31.2세였다. 평균 분만력은 0.96이었으며 거의 대부분의 환자는 2회 이하의 분만력을 보였다. 골반경수술의 가장 많은 적응증은 난관 임신이었고 그 다음으로는 난소낭종이었다. 시술 방법은 주로 난관절제술(58.8%)과 난소난관절제술(16.3%)이었고 입원기간은 평균 2.1일이었고 모든 경우에는 특별한 합병증이 없었다. 이러한 연구결과로 보아 골반경수술은 경제적으로나 사회적으로 또 미용학적으로도 좋은 결과를 보였으며 앞으로 다른 많은 부인과 환자에게 안전하게 적용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2015

A growth trial was conducted to determine the optimal incorporation level of dietary magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, $MgHPO_4$), which was manufactured from swine manure and phosphorus (P), required by juvenile far eastern catfish (Silurus asotus). Graded MHP of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, and 2.0% monocalcium phosphate (MCP) each was added to the basal diet (control) in lieu of cellulose to become the range of available P (AP) from 0.4% to 0.8% of which diets were designated as control, MHP0.5, MHP1.0, MHP1.5, MHP2.0, and MCP, respectively. Control diet contained fish meal (20%), soybean meal (40%), wheat flour (27%), corn gluten meal (5%), fish oil (2%) and soy oil (2%) as main ingredients. Following a 24 h fasting, 540 fish with a mean body weight of 11.8 g were randomly allotted to 6 groups in triplicate, whereby 18 tanks ($0.4{\times}0.6{\times}0.36cm$, water volume of 66 L) were prepared. The feeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Fish group fed the control diet showed the lowest weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) among treatments. The WG was, however, not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of fish group fed MHP0.5. Fish group fed MHP2.0 showed the highest WG and FE of which values were not significantly different from those of fish groups fed diets MHP1.0 and MHP1.5 as well as MCP (p>0.05) except fish groups fed control and MHP0.5. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly decreased with an increase in available P, while alanine aminotransferase did not show a significant difference among treatment. The highest inorganic P in plasma was observed in fish fed MHP2.0. From the present results, a second-order regression analysis revealed that the optimal dietary MHP level and the AP requirement were found to be 1.62% and 0.7%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.335-340
• /
• 2012

The data used came from two trials undertaken under the same climatic conditions (spring-summer). In both trials pluriparious buffaloes were utilized similar in weight, body condition score, and milk production from the previous year. From the first trial the data used was from the sub-period 23-88 DIM provided by seven animals fed ad libitum with diet A (6.69 MJ/kg DM; 158.30 g/kg of crude protein) with a forage/concentrate ratio of 48/52. From the second trial the data used was from the sub-period 33-90 DIM provided by seven animals fed ad libitum with diet B (6.63 MJ/kg DM; 179.50 g/kg of crude protein) and by seven animals fed ad libitum with diet C (5.99 MJ/kg DM; 155.40 g/kg of crude protein), each of the diets had the same forage/concentrate ratio (53/47). A significant difference was found in milk production between group B and C (13.08 vs. 11.56 kg/d, p<0.05), an intermediate production (12.10 kg/d) was noted in group A. A significant difference was found between fat (76.58 vs. 69.24 g/kg, p<0.05), protein (46.14 vs. 43.16 g/kg, p<0.05) and casein (39.94 vs. 34.98 g/kg, p<0.05) of the milk of group B with respect to group A. The milk of group C gave fat values (71.80 g/kg), protein (45.52 g/kg) and casein (39.06 g/kg) statistically equal to those of group B. The milk of groups B and C, in respect to the milk of group A, gave values of $K_{20}$ (1.77, 1.82 vs. 3.68 min, p<0.05), statistically lower and values of $A_{30}$ (48.28, 47.27 vs. 40.64 mm, p<0.05) statistically higher. Two simple linear regressions were calculated where the independent variable (x) was the daily standardized milk production, the dependent variable (y) or the daily intake of net energy or crude protein. Equation 1) NE (MJ/d) = 74.4049+2.8308${\times}$kg of normalized milk; equation 2) CP (kg/d) = 1.4507+0.1085${\times}$kg of normalized milk, both the equations were significant (p<0.05) with determination coefficients of 0.58 and 0.50 respectively. For a production of normalized milk that varies from 9 to 13 kg, the respective energy-protein concentrations fluctuate from 6.09 to 6.78 MJ/kg DM and from 148.00 to 174.46 g/kg DM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.558-563
• /
• 2013

The present study was conducted to estimate energy requirements for maintenance in laying hens by using indirect calorimetry and energy balance. A total of 576 28-wk-old Nongda-3 laying hens with dwarf gene were randomly allocated into four ME intake levels (86.57, 124.45, 166.63 and 197.20 kcal/kg body weight $(BW)^{0.75}$ per d) with four replicates each. After a 4 d adaptation period, 36 hens from one replicate were maintained in one of the two respiration chambers to measure the heat production (HP) for 3 d during the feeding period and subsequent 3 d fast. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was partitioned between heat increment (HI), HP associated with activity, fasting HP (FHP) and retained energy (RE). The equilibrium FHP may provide an estimate of NE requirements for maintenance (NEm). Results showed that HP, HI and RE in the fed state increased with ME intake level (p<0.05). Based on the regression of HP on ME intake, the estimated ME requirements for maintenance (MEm) was 113.09 kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d when ME intake equals HP. The FHP was decreased day by day with the lowest value on the third day of starvation. Except for lowest ME intake level, the FHP increased with ME intake level on the first day of starvation (p<0.05). The FHP at the two higher ME intake levels were greater than that at the two lower ME intake levels (p<0.05) but no difference was found between the two lower ME intake levels. Linear regression of HP from the fed state to zero ME intake yielded a value of 71.02 kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d, which is higher than the extrapolated FHP at zero ME intake (60.78, 65.23 and 62.14 kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d for the first, second and third day of fasting, respectively). Fasting time, lighting schedules, calculation methods and duration of adaptation of hens to changes in ME intake level should be properly established when using indirect calorimetry technique to estimate dietary NE content, MEm and NEm for laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.672-682
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic with and without feed restriction on broilers performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, and feed cost of production from 1 to 56 days of age. Methods: Two hundred and forty unsexed one day-old chicks of Arbor Acres breed were used. Two trials, I and II, were conducted, with 120 birds in both. Each trial was divided into 4 equal groups. The birds in trial I were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment, while the chicks in trial II were fed ad libitum during the first week of age, then subjected to 5 hours/d of feed restriction from the beginning of the second week up to the end of the experiment. In both trials, the birds in group 1 were fed on a control diet while the other groups were given the same control diet supplemented either with a probiotic in group 2, prebiotic in group 3, or synbiotic in group 4. Results: It was found that chicks fed diets supplemented with probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic (with and without feed restriction) exhibited higher body weight and feed efficiency than chicks fed the control diets. The feed additives in both trials did not affect hemoglobin, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, and total cholesterol, except the packed cell volume which was increased in the additive treatments with restriction at the end of the experiment. Moreover, the dietary treatments did not influence the carcass yield. However, the relative weights of liver, gizzard and proventriculus, small intestine and bursa of fabricius were found to be increased. The additives decreased the visible fat in the carcass, with more decreasing effect in the additive groups with restriction. The lowest feed cost per kg of weight gain was observed in the birds fed diets supplemented with synbiotic, probiotic and prebiotic. Feed restriction improved the feed conversion ratio, economic return, but decreased the feed intake, serum total cholesterol and visible fat in comparison with non-restricted groups. Conclusion: The biological feed additives could be routinely added to broiler diets, especially when a feed restriction program is followed. Finally, it can be recommended to restrict feed, and add probiotic or synbiotic to increase weight, improve feed conversion rate and reduce feed cost of production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권9호
• /
• pp.1458-1463
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was done to evaluate the effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation in a total mixed ration (TMR) on the lactation performance, blood parameters, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Methods: Twenty-four cows (body weight $647{\pm}11.7kg$) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with six cows per group. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (CON); CON+17.5 g of top dressed SSL (treatment [TRT] 0.05); CON+35 g of SSL (TRT 0.1); and CON+70 g of SSL (TRT 0.2) per 35 kg TMR. Results: The highest level of SSL supplementation (TRT 0.2) significantly improved milk yield during the second period compared to the TRT 0.05 group (5 to 8 wks; 33.28 vs 31.09 kg/d), during the third period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (9 to 13 wks; 32.59 vs 30.64 and 30.01 kg/d) and during the overall experimental period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (1 to 13 wks; 33.43 vs 32.06 and 31.40 kg/d), respectively. No negative effects on hematological or biochemical parameters were observed due to SSL supplementation. Considering both the milk fat and protein content, the total milk price was set at 1,073.60 (TRT 0.05), 1,085.60 (TRT 0.1), 1,086.10 (TRT 0.2), and 1,064.20 (CON) won/L, with consequent total milk profits of -1.7%, 5.4%, and 3.5% for the TRT 0.05, TRT 0.1, and TRT 0.2 diet, respectively, compared to those in the CON diet. Conclusion: The milk sales revenue related to SSL supplementation of the TRT 0.1 diet was increased by up to 5.4% compared to the milk sales revenue of the CON diet. Therefore, 0.1% SSL supplementation might be effective and profitable during the mid-lactation period of cows, without producing adverse effects.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a model based on f the learning objectives in adult health nursing curriculums. The model can be eventually reflected in Korean National Nurse's Licensing Examination (KNNLE). Methods: The model was developed through a series of practical analysis by the task force team from June to October, 2011. The research team conducted the data synthesis and analysis from the learning objectives of adult health nursing drawn from selected national and international universities, from the adult health nursing areas in KNNLE, and from the current disease prevalence from clinical data in the representative university hospitals in Korea. Results: The current disease prevalence and mortality rates are on the increase especially for malignant neoplasm, heart diseases, suicide and diabetes. The items on the KNNLE of adult nursing are categorized by body systems into digestive system (15%), introduction (13.8%), respiratory system (11.3%), and cardiac system (11.3%). While the current system-based learning objectives covers extensive areas of adult health nursing, the core items are required to be selected based on core competences and core learning objectives to restructure the items of KNNLE. The first revised model is to consolidate and restructure the items microscopically in the subjects of adult health nursing by system. The second proposed model from macroscopic perspective is to build a comprehensive scheme of nursing curriculum by encompassing 8 subjects under current KNNLE and adjust the number of items accordingly. Conclusion: The items of KNNLE need to be gradually redesigned by considering the intervention need at clinical practice and the modified learning objectives of adult health nursing. Based on the job analysis on core competences for newly employed nurses performed by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing, it is necessary to establish the core learning objectives of adult health nursing and set up standards for core items in KNNLE.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권20호
• /
• pp.9033-9038
• /
• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for locally advanced left sided breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy. DIBH immobilizes the tumor bed providing dosimetric benefits over free breathing (FB). Materials and Methods: Ten left sided post mastectomy patients were immobilized in a supine position with both the arms lifted above the head on a hemi-body vaclock. Two thermoplastic masks were prepared for each patient, one for normal free breathing and a second made with breath-hold to maintain reproducibility. DIBH CT scans were performed in the prospective mode of the Varian real time position management (RPM) system. The planning target volume (PTV) included the left chest wall and supraclavicular nodes and PTV prescription dose was 5000cGy in 25 fractions. DIBH-3DCRT planning was performed with the single iso-centre technique using a 6MV photon beam and the field-in-field technique. VMAT plans for FB and DIBH contained two partial arcs ($179^{\circ}-300^{\circ}CCW/CW$). Dose volume histograms of PTV and OAR's were analyzed for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT. In DIBH mode daily orthogonal ($0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) KV images were taken to determine the setup variability and weekly twice CBCT to verify gating threshold level reproducibility. Results: DIBH-VMAT reduced the lung and heart dose compared to FB-VMAT, while maintaining similar PTV coverage. The mean heart $V_{30Gy}$ was $2.3%{\pm}2.7$, $5.1%{\pm}3.2$ and $3.3%{\pm}7.2$ and for left lung $V_{20Gy}$ was $18.57%{\pm}2.9$, $21.7%{\pm}3.9$ and $23.5%{\pm}5.1$ for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT respectively. Conclusions: DIBH-VMAT significantly reduced the heart and lung dose for left side chest wall patients compared to FB-VMAT. PTV conformity index, homogeneity index, ipsilateral lung dose and heart dose were better for DIBH-VMAT compared to DIBH-3DCRT. However, contralateral lung and breast volumes exposed to low doses were increased with DIBH-VMAT.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2006

느타리는 4극성 자웅이주성으로 단포자분리주는 단핵으로 자실체를 형성하지 못하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 단포자분리주는 2종류로 구분되었는데 하나는 자실체를 완전히 형성하지 못하는 AHF형 (abortive homokaryotic fruiting, AHF) 이며, 나머지 하나는 원기형성 후 완전한 자실체로 발달하는 PHF형 (Pseudo- homokaryotic fruiting, PHF)이었다. 느타리 8개 계통으로부터 단포자분리주 155개를 얻어 단핵체 자실체를 유도하여 이중에서 102개임성체를 얻었으며, 이는 65.8%에 해당되었다. 단핵 자실체는 이핵체 모균주에 비해 대부분 자실체가 빈약하였으나 일부 모균주와 유사한 크기의 자실체도 발생하였다. 이들 단핵 임성균주를 이용하여 계통간 교잡조합 11개에서 535 교잡체와 비임성균주간 교잡체 79개를 얻어 톱밥병재배를 하여 자실체 생산력을 모균주와 조사 비교하였다. 자실체 생육일수는 임성주가 비임성주간 교잡 집단에 비해 빨랐다. 병당 유효경수는 임성체간 교잡주가 모균주나 비임성교잡체보다 많았으며, 대길이도 두 집단에 비해 길었다. 그러나 대굵기와 자실체 개체중은 3개 집단간 거의 차이가 없었다. 단핵 임성체간 교잡주 집단의 병당 자실체 수량이 비임성간과 모균주 집단보다 높은 경향이었다. 모균주 집단의 자실체 수량지수를 100으로 하였을 때 임성체간 교잡체 집단은 105, 비임성간 교잡체 집단은 86으로 나타났다. 특히 $2194{\times}2344$ 조합은 59.95%, $2194{\times}2730$ 조합은 27.39%, $1982{\times}2504$ 조합은 22.43% 양친균주보다 자실체 수량이 증수되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 단핵 임성체를 이용한 우수 균주개발 가능성은 높다고 할 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 1976

1976년 6월 20일에 해운대 동백섬 연안에서 채집된 황아귀의 자어를 재료로 하여 초기생활사에 따른 형태변화 과정중 등지느러미 이극, 배지느러미, 색소포 및 소화관의 발적과정과 아가미, 새조 및 치아등의 형성과정에 관하여 관찰하였다. 1. 제1등지느러미 제1극의 원기는 부화직후인 2.7mm 전후에 생겨나 6.30mm 전후에서 극의 형태로 분화되며, 제2극은 5.82mm 전후에 원기가 나타나고 제3극은 6.45mm 전후에서 원기가 나타나 분화되는 것같다. 2. 배지느러미는 2.7mm 전후에 가슴지느러미의 바로 뒤쪽에서 원기가 나타나고, 처음에는 반원형으로 솟아나듯 하든 것이 차츰 발달함에 따라 뒤쪽으로 향해 곤봉상으로 길어지고, 전장 6.35mm 전후에서 전장의 1/2 정도의 크기로 발달하며, 가는 두 줄의 지느러미 줄기가 나타난다. 3. 색소포의 발달은 특히 미부에 있어서 2단계로 구분할 수 있는데, 부화직후(2.7mm 전후) 미부에 불규칙 9열로 분포하는 경우와 시일이 경과함에 따라 전장 4.25mm전후에는 뚜렷한 3개의 색소포군을 형성하는 경우를 들 수 있다. 4. 소화관은 부화직후인 2.7mm 전후에 창자의 시흔이 나타나기 시작하며 전장 5.4mm 전후에 난황이 축소되면서 창자의 굴곡등 소화관의 윤곽이 뚜렷해질 뿐만 아니라 입도 열리는 것 같다. 5. 아가미는 전장 6.35mm 전후에 시흔이 보이며 발달하기 시작하고 치아는 전장 6.25mm 전후에 원기가 나타나고 새조는 6.45mm 전후에 5개의 새조골을 볼 수 있다.