• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2005

Since the Agreement on Commercial Arbitration was signed by the Governments of South and North Korea last year, there has been quite a few discussions on the way for implementing the Agreement in both public and private sectors. The Department of Justice of South Korea was quite active in making the draft of arbitration rules representing the South Korean views in alliance with the Department of Reunification of South Korea and recently held an informal seminar to preview their draft. On the other hand, the Korea Arbitration Association, a main body of commercial arbitration which are composed of professors and lawyers, were carefully watching the steps and the draft made by the Department of Justice. The reasons are to assure that not only shall the commercial arbitration rules comply with comment norms of international arbitration but shall it be made to meet the needs of enterprises investing in the Special Economic District of Kaesung City in North Korea. The concerns of the Korea Arbitration Association can be accomplished if the Department of Justice would modify the provisions pointed out in the seminars. Five general principles shall be brought into the attention in promulgating the commercial arbitration rules. First, it should comply with the Agreement on Commercial Arbitration signed by South and North Korea. Second, it should accept common rules contained in UNCITRAL arbitration rules. Third, it should boost the promptness of proceedings when a case was filed. Fourth, it should feature unique aspects of trade between South Korea and Korea by differentiating it from purely international trade between a country and a country. Lastly, it should combine the respective rules of both South and North Korea, currently in effect. With the above five principles accomplished, it should be noted that the Agreement on Commercial Arbitration the upper authority of arbitration rules, mandates the following features. It declared that arbitration be processed by three arbitrators. Single arbitrator is not permitted. Arbitration can be adopted even if an arbitration clause does not exist in an agreement by the parties, provided that the dispute arose out of the scope of the Agreement on investment Guarantee signed by South Korea and North Korea. It excluded quick and simplified procedures even if the amount of claim in arbitration is minimal. All the procedures should take a formal procedure. It let the double administration offices operate. One is to sit in Seoul of South Korea and the other is to sit in Pyongyang of North Korea. This would intimidate the fastness of procedures. With the above principles and the features considered, each provision in the draft by the Department of Justice should be reviewed and suggested for change.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Salicornia europaea (glasswort) is succulent, annual, halophytic plant mainly distributed throughout reclaimed land or salt marsh. It has strong tolerance to salt so that it plays the part of the pioneer species in the first succession. According to domestic and foreign studies, S. europaea contains plenty of minerals and antioxidant in the body. Since people take note of an availableness of this plant as health diet, the natural growth sites are threatened. In addition to development of salt marsh and sea shore, imprudent harvest has a bad effect to S. europaea population maintenance. To seek ways to preserve the population of this plant, we carried out the continuity of seed germination and restoration test. Seokmo Island, Daebu Island, Youngjong Island and Sudokwon landfill in Korea are selected sites for research. Result of germination continuity shows that most S. europaea seeds germinate on March but no more after July. However the germination was occurred after that time in the greenhouse. So we concluded that no germination after July is a matter of environmental condition not the number of remaining seeds. Also germination was seldom occurred in the spot where seeds production was not happened. In result of continuity test of seed germination by soil depth, germination was occurred vigorously only in top soil. From these results, we note that most S. europaea germinate in the early spring, and germination is finished by July. And this rapid germination speed makes the number of seeds in soil seed bank rare. If a large number of S. europaea in some area are harvested after July, the number of this species will dramatically decrease in that area the following year. In Seokmo Island, we carried out reintroduction experiment by sowing S. europaea seeds. On the first year, a small number of S. europaea settled and they produced seeds successfully. On April 2010, the second year, we observed many S. europaea in seed sowing sites. And we found out that plowing is more efficient than treatment sea water for settlement of S. europaea.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1037-1049
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 배설에 대한 소집단 모델링 기반 탐구 활동에서 나타나는 중학생들의 대화적 논변활동 과정에서 담화 이동 흐름과 합의에 이르는 추론 과정을 심층적으로 탐색하는 것이다. 참여 학생들은 영재원 중학교 학생들 17명이며, 3~4명이 한 소집단을 이루었다. 배설에 대한 소집단 모델링 활동 중에서 치킨을 먹은 후 체내에서 생성되는 노폐물(암모니아)는 우리 몸에서 어떻게 될지 설명하는 초기 모델을 형성하는 활동을 대상으로 분석이 이루어졌다. 학생들의 모델링 활동 중 논변적 상호작용을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 우선, 최초의 주장이 나타나는 잠정적 합의하기, '질문하기'와 '의미 명확히 하기'가 나타나는 불확실성 해결하기와 같은 공통적인 논변활동 단계가 나타났고, 다양한 주장이 존재한 소집단에서는 합의하기 단계가 추가적으로 나타나 '주장변경하기'의 담화 이동이 나타났다. 합의에 도달하기 위해 협력적으로 다른 사람의 논변에 참여했다는 측면에서 대화적 논변활동이 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 학생들의 논변활동에서 불확실성 해결하기 단계에서 비판적 질문을 하는 과정과 합의하기 단계에서 주장을 정당화하는 추론 과정에서 소집단 합의가 일어나도록 하는 대화적 논변활동 과정을 확인할 수 있었다. 비판적 질문을 통해 기존의 주장이 강화되거나 탈락되어 학생들은 자신의 주장을 변경하거나 새로운 주장을 제시하기도 하였다. 소집단 합의가 나타나는 순간의 추론을 분석해보면, 학생들은 개인 경험에 근거한 추론을 위한 자료 출처보다 과학적 사실에 근거한 추론을 위한 자료 출처를 선호하였으며 다양한 논변의 정당화 분석틀로 정당화를 하여 소집단 주장을 공고히 하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 과학 수업에서 대화적 논변활동 맥락을 이해하고 반영할 수 있는 교육적 함의를 제공해줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.116-132
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to find out how laws related to the nursing profession can be improved by analyzing the rules and regulations concerning nursing. Furthermore, to help settle legal matters in the process of doing nursing work. The data used for the study are the Health and Medical Act, the Maternal and Child Health Act, the School Health Act, the Special Act for Health and Medical Service in Rural Areas, the Industrial Health & Safety Act and the Notice on Nursing Professional Courses analyzed by age and content. The results of the study are as follows : First, basic nursing practice includes 'nursing care for recuperation and assistance in medical treatment and in special areas including the pre-vention of disease, maintenance of health, control of environment, and other therapeutic activities. It is suggested that the phrase 'assistance in medical treatment' should be eliminated as it limits the basic nursing practice to the assistance of the medical treatment. Second, Article 56 of the Health & Medical Act prescribes a special nurse but it does not prescribe a specific job. Accordingly, the new provison concerning the specific jobs of a special nurse should be added or a job guide should be inseated. Third, it is prescribed that those who have completed the training course after obtaining a license are qualified to be a midwife, a special nurse and a nurse practitioner working in special areas. However, school nurses, occupational health nurses and maternal and health workers are required to obtain a nurse license, but not to take an additional training course. Nurses working in special areas should be legally recognized as nurse specialists. The regulations to control various qualification standards consistently should be established. Fourth, the qualifications and types of nurses by area prescribed by Article 54 of the Health and Medical Act are not consistent with those of special nurses as recognized by affiliated organizations of the Korean Nurse Association and some hospitals. Accordingly, the qualifications and types of special nurses should be adjusted in consideration of special nurses. Fifth, as Article 16, Paragraph 2 of the Health and Medical Act does not prescribe the type and scope of first - aid treatment that nurses can provide, the first-aid treatment of nurses might be considered as an unlicensed practice. The specific regulations regarding these matters should be established. Sixth, the contents of the nursing record, which are prescribed by Article 21 of the Health and Medical Act as a duty, include 1) matters concerning body temperature, pulse, breath and blood pressure 2) matters concerning drug prescription 3) matters concerning input and output 4) matters concerning the treatment and nursing care (Article 17 of the Enforcement Regulations, Health and Medical Act). However, these matters are limited to basic nursing care and assistance in medical treatment. The new recording methods on nursing process are suggested to be adopted legally. Seventh, the prescription right entrusted to nurses which are prescribed by the School Health Act, the Special Act on Health and Medical Service for Rural Areas, and the Industrial Health and Safety Act are not consistent with the rights of nurses as prescribed by the Health and Medical Act. New regulations prescribing the partial right for medical treatment entrusted to nurses in consideration of the restraint of time and place in emergency situations should be established.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.22-37
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• 1974

Through the examination of hospitalized patient's records, this study purports to determine. the extent to which nursing record behaviors meet general expectations held for nursing records and the differences in nursing record behavior in relation to different nursing categories, period of recording and hospitals with different management patterns. Nursing record behaviors of 802 patient's records in four hospitals in Seoul were examined. by use of a check list, which was prepared by the author as an instrument for the study. Data obtained from this examination were processed into percentage values for percentage. test and chi-square test in order to determine their significance. Results are as follows; 1. Records pertaining to treatment ranked highest among all care categories in their extent of coverage, averaging 65.6 percent. 2. Of the treatment category records, records of medication led others at 94.3 percent. followed by records of test and collection of specimens at 59.9 percent. diet at 58.8 percent and treatment at 41.0 percent. 3. Records in the category of physical assessment and care averaged 44.1 percent, the second highest next to treatment category records, 4. Of the records in the category of physical assessment and care, records in vital signs. placed first at 98.9 percent, followed by sleep at 76.2 percent, body weight at 74.7 percent, symptoms and signs at 69.3 percent, rest at 44.5 percent, hygiene at 39.7 percent, activities and participation at 16.9 percent, positions at 10.3 percent, level of consciousness at 9.8 percent and physiological dysfunction at 1.1 percent in that order. 5. Records in the category of psychological assessment and care averaged 3.2 percent, the lowest of the -three major categories. 6. Of the records in the category of psychological assessment and care, records on emotional responses ranked top at 10.5 percent, followed by self-concern at 2.1 percent, adjustment at 2.0 percent, family, occupational and social relations at 0.7 percent and preferences. and interest at 0.5 percent in that order. 7. Records in relation to the category of specific conditions were found in 9.1 percent of the total records. 8. Of the records in the category of specific conditions, consultation and transfer records, stood first at 25.0 percent, followed by precautionary measurements at 1.4 percent and isolation at 0.9 percent 9. A great difference in nursing record behavior was observed between the first week of hospitalization and the last week, with the first week's recordings much higher than the last week in the categories of treatment and specific conditions (p<0.01). and of physical assessment and care (p <0.05). 10. A big difference was also observed among the hospitals (p<0.01). 11. A big difference was also observed between the government-run hospitals and the private hospitals in the categories of physical assessment and care and specific conditions in the first week of hospitalization (P<0.05l), and in the category of psychological assessment and care in the last week (P<0.05). 12. Between the hospitals established with foreign aid and the other hospitals, the difference in nursing record behavior was significant only in the category of physical assessment and care both in the first week and the last week (P<0.01). 13. The average nursing record behavior in all care categories stood at 45.1 percent in the extent of its coverage in relation to the general expectations.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.377-388
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on changes in the vital signs of patients about to undergo an operation. The patients listened to the music at a time when they were feeling preoperative anxiety up until the preanesthesia was given in the operating room. The subjects for this study were selected from sixty patients to undergo operations, who were hospitalized at Dong Eui hospital in Pusan city. They were assigned to two groups, thirty to the experimental group and thirty to the control group. The subjects were from 20 years old to 69 years old, and had no other problem except the one requiring the operation, and no premedication. The data were collected during the period from July 1 to September 30, 1993. The method used in this study was to measure state-anxiety on the ward in the morning of the operation, and vital signs immediately before leaving for the operating room. Vital signs were measured immediately before the anesthesia was given and after the experimental group had listened to the music during the ten minutes needed to prepare the operation setting. The control group just waited during ten mimutes. Vital signs were check again before the anesthesia was given. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, mean±SD, p-value, and t-test using the SPSS progrom. The results of this study are : 1. Systolic blood pressure taken in the operating room was elevated, over the level measured on the ward, by 5.00 ± 15.26㎜Hg in experimental group and 18.67±14.56㎜Hg in control group. (t=-3.5496, p=.0008) 2. Diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 6.67±12.95㎜Hg in experimental group and 18.67±12. 79㎜Hg in control group. (t=-3.6100, p=.0006) 3. Pulse was elevated by 2.931±9.44 / min in experimental group and 8.03±8.37 /min in control group. (t=-2.2144, p=.0307) 4. Respiration was elevated by 0.60±1.35 /min in experimental group and 1.57±1.48 /min in control group. (t=-2.6409, p=.0106) 5. Body temperature was down by 0.13±1.91'c in experimental group and elevated by 1.13±1.11'c in control group. (t=-3.1471, p=.0026) Thus, in this study there was a statistically significant difference in the change in the vital signs between the experimental group treated with music therapy and the control group which received no treatment. Because music therapy is valuable to decrease the anxiety of patients facing operations, the result of this study support its effect in relieving anxiety as a valuable nursing intervention. From this study, the following recommendations can be made : First, it is necessary to further study music therapy to develope a better system and determine optimal time. Second, it is necessary that more detailed re-search on measurement of changes in vital signs be done to determine changes over time intervals.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2000

The propose of the study is to try to support the practice of caring suitable for our cultural emotion by cognating the meaning of caring related to health which is melted in korean culture. Concrete purposes were as followings; to first, confirm the caring of civilian in Kangwon-do, to secondly search the caring in the traditional culture idea, and to thirdly present the conceptual frame about the caring. The methodology of this research is the ethnography to use the depth interview and the participative observation. The geographical area of this research was in Wichon-ri, Songsan- myon, Study participants were, 6men and 18women, totally 24 persons. Their average age was 72.6 years old. The period of data collection was from January, 1998 to April, 1999, which original data became saturation. Data collection was done after accept allowance of the participants, their stories were recorded in cassettee, by the way of the Spradley analysis was applied and adjusted. The results which was analyized as domain, category and property were as following; First, the category was the life serving other persons, which is the for mind, the benefiting one, the comprehensive one, the respective one, on soon. Second, the category was the controling life, and its property was the moderate mind, that is, vegetables were tried to be fed moderately, pleasantly and comfortable. Thirdly, the category was the eagerness life, and the properties were diligent mind, and mind which accomplished the complete resposibility. Fourth, the category was a happy life, and the properties were positive mind, satisfying one, thankful one, one of their ancestors benefit, and supplicatory one. Fifth, the category was the accepting life, and the properties were the submissive mind, resign one. Sixth, the category was the joint life all together and the properties were the harmonized mind, and the mutual helping one. Seventh, the category was the ruling life, and the properties were the pure mind, the ones which controls the body, the mind, the nature; which could surely confirmed the source of the life that lived with the nature, the native idea of our people. Eighth, the category was the retaining life, and the properties were the inherits the native custom, and the one that keep public morals. According to the result of examining the caring in ethnography, the general caring was performed the conceptual frame about the caring which is related to health was found in the principle of consideration, harmony, compliance, and transcendence.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

범죄로부터 국민에 대한 안전의 보장은 사회계약에 의한 국가의 존재이유이며, 국민에 대한 국가의무로서, 헌법적 권리인 국민행복추구권의 보장에 핵심적인 과제이다. 보복범죄 근절을 위한 논의의 결론은 첫째 형사사법절차에서 범죄피의자 체포 시 적용되는 미란다원칙에 상응하는 범죄피해자, 범죄신고자, 증인 등에게 범죄신고나 증언 후 보복범죄에 대한 위험 유무를 확인하는 절차를 의무화하고, 이를 어길 경우 처벌하는 방안을 강구해야 한다. 둘째는 보복범죄에 대한 현행법의 보호대상을 확대 적용하고 정보보호를 강화하는 등 관련법과 제도의 개선이다. 셋째 보복범죄위험평가지표를 개발하고, 평가결과를 계량화하여 심화단계 별 신변안전에 대한 구체적인 조치방법과 책임을 명시하여야 한다. 넷째 범죄피해자 및 증인에 대한 적극적인 신변안전조치 제도의 확대 시행과 선진기법의 개발과 적용이다. 마지막으로 사법기관 근무자들의 인식전환이다. 범죄의 초동수사 단계에서부터 출소자 심리검사를 통한 보복의 가능성 진단과 조치에 이르기까지 형사사법기관의 총체적 협조와 공조체계가 구축되어야 하며, 보복범죄발생의 원인규명과 관련자의 직무상 문제점 발생 시 책임을 규정해야 한다. 등이다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 장애인의 신체활동량 증가를 위해 다양한 디바이스를 적용한 운동중재 동향을 분석하고, 특히 인구고령화로 인한 장애인 노년층 증가에 따른 시대적 니즈에 부합하는 융합형 디바이스 활용 운동중재를 제안하고자 하였다. 장애인에게 적용 가능한 융합형 디바이스 활용 운동중재는 첫째, 가상현실 기반 게이미피케이션을 이용한 운동중재방식, 둘째, 밴드, 시계 등과 같은 착용형 또는 신체부착형의 웨어러블 디바이스 기반 운동중재의 두 가지 유형으로 구분될 수 있다. 장애노인들에게 즐거움과 환경적 제한의 최소화, 개별화가 용이한 융합형 디바이스를 활용한 운동중재를 위해서는 편리한 조작과 간편한 운영규칙, 손쉬운 장치 설치 및 착용 방식, 미숙한 디바이스 활용능력을 보완해줄 수 있는 지도자와 같은 구성요건이 필요하며, 인지능력과 신체적 기능의 현저한 저하를 경험하게 되는 장애인 노년층의 일상생활수행능력 유지 및 향상을 위해서는 일상생활에서 친숙하게 경험할 수 있으면서도 흥미를 유발할 수 있는, 경험이 가능한 신체활동 게임이나 신체활동량 증가를 위한 다양한 디바이스의 활용이 필요하며, 이는 장애를 가진 노인의 긍정적인 신체활동 변화를 가져올 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 건강체력, 우울 및 삶의 질 변인 간의 통합적 인과성을 규명하고자 한다. 자료 수집은 서울·경기 소재의 노인복지관과 노인정에서 동의를 얻은 자발적 참여자 385명을 대상으로 인구통계학적 특성과 인지기능, 삶의 질 및 우울의 설문지와 하체·상체 근력, 동적평형성 및 민첩성, 악력과 전신지구력을 측정하여 자료를 수집하였다. 이에 일련의 절차를 걸쳐 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 인지기능과 건강체력, 우울 및 삶의 질 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 노인의 인지기능과 건강체력, 삶의 질 및 우울의 통합적 관계성에 대한 결과 모든 변인 간에 통계적으로 유의성이 나타났다. 셋째, 노인의 건강 체력이 삶의 질과 우울에 미치는 영향에서는 인지기능의 부분 매개효과가 나타났다.