• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2002

First, during Jin and Sui dynasty, It is possible that the theory of the contraindications of needling according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon, affected considerably to the practise of acupuncture and moxibustion, but the detailed situations are unknown. Only, there are some records of the process about circulation of the self-guarding energy and demon by a periodicity of 30 days in the "The prescriptions of Fan-Wang" by Fan-Wang in Jin dynasty and "Hua Tuo Fa" by a nameless person. But the theory differs form the theory of "Huang Di Xia Mo Jing" in some respect. Also, there is the contraindications of needling to abscesses according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon by every year in the "Liu Juan Zi Gui Yi Fang". but the book has no specific rule in use. Second, during Tang dynasty there were a vasty development on the contraindications of needling according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon. In the medical works in Tang dynasty, the contents of the contraindications of needling are included in various periodicities and directions such as 12 regions according to the year, 9 regions according to the year, 9 palaces in the body according to the year, whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon according the four seasons, every 10 days, every 12 days, every 30 days, and every dozen hours. Also, during Tang dynasty period, the contraindications of needling according to whereabouts of the self-guarding energy and demon were formulated through several adjustments and modifications by many medical scholars. Third, the period between Jin and Tang dynasty, because of historical situations, the documentary data are insufficient in the study of the recommendations and contraindications on the acupuncture, moxibution, and herb medicine according to the specific days and times. And the detailed informations are unknown. Only but once in Tang dynasty the considerable and theoretical adjustments were performed in the "Qian Jin Yao Fang". In Song dynasty, there were also much theoretical fluctuations in the study of the choice of the favorable or the injurious days and times or directions in the acupuncture, moxibustion and the prescription and processing of herbs. Fourth, contraindications on the acupuncture, moxibution, and herb medicine did not include acute and serious disease among the effect province, only include chronic and not serious disease. If the doctors had treated a surgical patients and abscess patients with deeply attached contraindications on the acupuncture, moxibution, and herb medicine, the patients would have became more serious. So the theory was not used for treatment by doctor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.529-544
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• 2018

In this research, the significance and practice on life of Dasan Jeong Yak-Young's family is reviewed. Articles, letter, poetry written by Dasan and research papers regarding to him are mainly referred for the research. Family life consciousness is divided into three sections in terms of family, food clothing and shelter life, and the economy of the family. Dasan's family life consciousness has been organized with self-management, temperance, thrift, sharing and giving for family and others. He emphasized practical efforts in daily life to realize sense of family life. First, Dasan sought self-managing and temperance as follows. He suggested attitude of careful speech and behavior, filial duty, peace within a family, reading, and training the body and mind including nice and independent temperament with being in good shape. Second, Dasan has been taught to practice the following to save money. It is important to be diligent, to live a simple life, to work hard on one's work, and to avoid extravagant behavior and heavy drinking. Third, Dasan emphasized to practice rational sharing and giving. It is to adapt to the environment, to live within one's means, to cope with difficult circumstances, not to have desire, and to practice giving. Dasan's family life consciousness includes the rules and values for implementing a welfare society. The welfare society is a society that shares good values and practices norms. In the future, the content of education should be developed to provide education about Dasan's family life consciousness. I hope this study can provide an opportunity that the moral teachings of Dasan can be handed down and practiced in relation to family life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.287-294
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based internet program for nutritional assessment and diet management of patient having hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidermia were classified by hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The program consisted of four parts according to their functions and contents. The first part explained the metabolism of lipids and defined the hyperchotesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The second part is to assess the general health status such as body weight, obesity index, basal metabolic rate and total energy requirement by the input of age, sex, height, weight and degree of activity. This part also provides the Patient with menus lists and 1 day menu suitable to his weight, activity and the status of hyperlipidemia and offers the information for food selection, snacks, convenience foods, dine-out, behavioral modification, cooking methods, food exchange lists, and information on energy and nutrients of foods and drinks, and top 20 foods classified by nutrients. The third part is designed to investigate diet history of patient, that is, to find out his inappropriate dietary habit and give him some suggestions for appropriate dietary behavior. This part also offers on-line counseling and frequently asked Questions. The fourth part is evaluating their energy and nutrients intake by comparing with recommended dietary allowance for Koreans or standardized data for patient with hyperlipidemia. In this part, it is also analyzing energy and nutrients of food consumed by food group and meals, and evaluating the status of nutrient intake. These results are finally displayed as tabular forms and graphical forms on the computer screen.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.92-103
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• 2011

Ginseng has been used as a general tonic agent to invigorate human body. In the present study, we isolated novel glycolipoproteins from ginseng that activate $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^-$ channel (CaCC) in Xenopus oocytes and transiently increase intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) in mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. We named the active ingredients as gintonin. Gintonin exists in at least six different forms. The native molecular weight of gintonin is about 67 kDa but its apparent molecular weight is about 13 kDa, indicating that gintonin might be a pentamer. Gintonin is rich in hydrophobic amino acids. Its main carbohydrates are glucose and glucosamine. Its lipid components are linoleic, palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids. Gintonin actions were blocked by U73122, a phospholipase C inhibitor, 2-aminoethxydiphenyl borate, an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor antagonist, or bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N0,N0-tetracetic acid acetoxymethyl ester, a membrane permeable $Ca^{2+}$ chelator. In the present study, we for the first time isolated novel gintonin and showed the signaling pathways on gintonin-mediated CaCC activations and transient increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Since $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ as a second messenger plays a pivotal role in the regulation of diverse $Ca^{2+}$-dependent intracellular signal pathways, gintonin-mediated regulations of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ might contribute to biological actions of ginseng.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.471-478
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• 2016

The purpose of this study to examine the effect of 12 hours fasting resistance exercise on metabolic efficiency and fatigue of middle-aged female for 8 weeks. 50 middle-aged female target group pre-test exercise group(EX) and the control over the homogeneity in the control group(CON) were selected for this purpose divided into two groups. Exercise group(EX) is maintained after 8 weeks four times weeks 12 hours fasting resistance was performed for 60 minutes, the control group(CON) were compared to a normal life with the group of the exercise group(EX). Resistance applied to the exercise group(EX) were using free weights and a fixed mechanism applied around the upper and lower body exercise program for heart muscle, exercise intensity based on the 70% 1RM until 4 weeks, 5-8, which was performed by the aid program set to 80%. Through this procedure were as follows. First, 12 hours fasting resistance exercise showed the significance of the interaction effect in metabolic efficiency, blood pressure(SBP, DBP), fat, fasting glucose, fasting insulin(p<.01). Second, 12 hours fasting resistance exercise showed the significance of the interaction effect in the treatment program in which lactic acid, uric acid(p<.01).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.177-186
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• 2004

Introduction : Recent studies Suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its related cortical activation. Anther study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture stimulation. In ttis study, we investigated a new acupoint $KI_6$ (照海), which was known as motor-related acupoint and obtained an evidence that the stimulation of $KI_6$ resulted in either negative or positive BOLD response to stimulation. Methods & Results : 1. Subjects and paradigms : Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed on five healthy (aged 22-23 yrs) in this study. First, the paradigm of acupuncture stimulation was that the acupuncture needle was inserted in acupoints $KI_6$, which is located in lateral side of the foot and then continuously twisted(補瀉를 除外한 捻轉法) for 70 seconds for 10 cycles of activation. During rest period (70 seconds), the needle was completed removed from acupoint. Total 60 cycles were performed and 10 images were obtained per cycle. Second, nonacupoint was randomly selected and the same paradigm was performed as acupoint stimulation. The stimulation protocol comprised 10 cycles of alternating. activation and rest (10 images per cycle). Total 60 cycles were performed and each cycle take about 1.5 sec for motor task. Subjects take an at least 15 minutes break before starting anther paradigm. 2. fMRI mapping : Multi-slice functional images were obtained on a 1.5T Magnetom Vision MRI scanner (Simens Medical, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with high performance whole-body gradients. The BOLD T2 * - weighted images were acquired with acho planar imaging sequence (TR = 1.2 sec, TE = 60 msec, and flip angle = $90_{\circ}$). The other sequence parameter are : FOV = 210 mm, matrix=$64{\times}128$ or $64{\times}64$, slice number=10 and slice thickness = 5 or 8 mm. the anatomic images were obtained with Spin-echo T1-weighted images. The resulting images were then anaiyzed with STIMULATE (CMRR, U. of Minnesota) to generate functional maps using a student T-test (p < 0.005) and cluster analysis. Both positive and negative response were evaluated. Conclusions : We have observed the activation of the motor cortex by stimulating motor-related acupoint ($KI_6$). Among five subjects, negative BOLD response was shown in four and positive response in one. All subjects showed positive response to conventional finger flexion-extension task. To understand the detailed mechanisms of correlation between acupuncture stimulation and BOLD fMRI changes and two typs of response, further study strongly required.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 1999

Cardiovascular disease is very prevalent in Korea, and many risk factors, if properly identified are possibly corrected. However, the study results on prevalence and distribution of risk factors may not be reliable while the risk factors of disease are always issued on health promotion projects conducted recently in a community. The subjects of this study were 854 adults who participated in the health and nutrition survey in a community. They were aged between 20 and 69 and sampled representatively. This study intended to estimate the prevalence and the distribution of risk factors of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure levels were estimated at $123.9{\pm}2.2mgHg(men)$, $117.9{\pm}1.7mgHg$(women), and $80.4{\pm}1.5mg(men)$, $74.9{\pm}1.1mgHg(women)$, respectively. Glucose level was estimated at $99.1{\pm}2.3mg/dl$ in men, and $95.7{\pm}1.7mg/dl$ in women. The estimated level of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were $183.4{\pm}3.8mg/dl(men)$, $181.7{\pm}3.1mg/dl(men)$, and $122.0{\pm}4.5mg/dl(women)$, and body mass index was estimated at $24.0{\pm}0.4kg/m^2$ in men and $23.9{\pm}0.4kg/m^2$ in men and $23.9{\pm}0.3kg/m^2$ in women. The prevalence of hypertension was 20.5% for men, and 14.4% for women. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated to 6.9% for men, and 6.1% for women. The estimated prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 3.8%(men), 3.9%(women). The rate of obesity was estimated to 28.5%(men), 28.4% (women), respectively. The levels of blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol were higher in men than in women in almost all the almost ate groups. The prevalence of hypertension for men is about 20%. It was found that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus for males aged between 40 and 59 was rapidly increased. The risk factor with highest prevalence was obesity, and hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the second and third most prevalent.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-46
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• 2018

This study is to suggest the bibliographic description of RDA & KCR4 cataloging rules for FRBRizing the aggregates based on aggregates modeling. It is to suggest bibliographic description of RDA & KCR4 cataloging rules of aggregates through analyzing FRBR and LRM aggregates modeling and comparing RDA and KCR4 cataloging rules about aggregates. First, it is to describe the bibliographic records based on object oriented model, and to describe both aggregates works and separate works appropriately. Second, in case of aggregates by one person, family, or corporate body, collective title as aggregates work and separate works in aggregates must be regulated in RDA. In KCR4, collective titles rules should be regulated for aggregate works and separate works should be described. Third, aggregates of works by different persons, families, or corporate bodies should be accessible by aggregates work and separate works, and aggregates of works by different persons, families, or corporate bodies without collective title should be accessible by each of the works in both RDA and KCR4. Fourth, augmentation aggregates could be accessible by main work's expression, the expression of aggregates work, and separate expressions of the augmentation. This study will contribute to FRBRize the aggregates by suggesting bibliographic description of RDA & KCR4 cataloging rules.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of modified Interactive Metronome (IM) program which is applicable to clinical practice based on the IM protocol on the behavioral symptoms, timing and motor function of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method : This study used one-group pretest-posttest research design. 13 ADHD children aged 7-12 years in Busan were participated in this study. The participants were underwent 24 sessions of 30 minutes intervention, 3 times a week. Evaluations were performed before- and after the intervention. Measurements used in this study were Korean-ADHD Rating Scale for behavior symptom, Long Form Assessment (LFA) for the timing, and second version of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) for the motor function. Results : There was a significant improvement in hyperactivity / impulsivity among the behavioral symptoms, and there was a statistically significant improvement in timing, hand coordination, and body coordination. Conclusion : Modified IM program for clinical application has significant effect on improving behavioral symptoms, timing and motor function of children with ADHD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2011

Background: The rising prevalence of asthma worldwide may be associated with the rising prevalence of obesity in developed nations. Although several studies have suggested a relationship between asthma and obesity, controversy still remains. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity and asthmatic factors such as atopy, eosinophilia, serum total Ig E and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in chronic cough patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational study in two centers done between January 2007 and June 2008. The subjects included individuals who had a chronic cough. We examined body mass index (BMI) to measure obesity and pulmonary function. We did a metacholine provocation test for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a skin prick test for atopy, and tests for blood eosinophils and serum IgE. Results: A total of 1022 subjects were included. Airway hyperresponsiveness was not related with obesity (p=0.06), and atopy incidence was significant higher in non obese patients (p=0.00). There was no significant difference in serum IgE and blood eosinophil counts between obese and non obese patients. Forced expiratory volue in one second ($FEV_1$)/forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly reduced in obese patients (p=0.03), but FEV1 and FVC were no significant difference between obese and non obese patients. Conclusion: There is no relationship between obesity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The nonobese group appears to have more atopy. The relationship between obesity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy need further investigation.