• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2011

Biomechanical analysis of arm motion during steering was performed using a motion analysis technique. Three-dimensional position data for each part of arm are fed into an interactive model combining a musculoskeletal arm model and the mechanical steering system to calculate joint angles and torques using inverse kinematic and dynamic analyses, respectively. The analysis shows that elbow pronation/supination, wrist flexion/extension, shoulder adduction/abduction, and shoulder flexion/extension have significant magnitudes. Sensitivity analysis of the arm joint motion with respect to seating posture and steering wheel configuration is carried out to investigate the qualitative influence of the seating posture and driver's seat configuration on the steering behavior.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.874-881
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• 2011

Driver's cab shall be designed ergonomically to provide the comfort for a driver to gather the information from the equipments and to operate the equipments effectively. The typical three design factors effected on the comfort are the access of driver's cab, freedom of movement inside the cabs and visibility condition. All control equipments shall be arranged so that those which are most often used or are of critical importance are the most convenient to the driver. The layout of driver's cab shall maximize the use of available space to be rugged and easily maintained. The visibility for the running direction along the track shall be secured. The visibility condition apply the seating position of the driver. Not only the environment condition(temperature, humidity, rattle, etc) but also the construction of driver's cab can be ergonomic design factor.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1995

Abutment dies which resemble the actual size and shape of crown abutment is essential in most of the research area of fixed prosthodontics like marginal accuracy, crown seating, behavior of luting agent and so on. Seeing the large portion of research is done with round shaped dies in different size and cone angles, the necessity of research on the crown abutment is self-evident. 500 molar abutments were collected randomly through the commercial dental laboratoy, regrdless of their position in the dental arch, sex, and age. The measurements of 22 points of a die were done, and the results were as fogbows : 1. The height of the molar dies was $3.9{\pm}1.2mm$ 2. The bucco-lingual width was $8.9{\pm}1.2mm$ at the base, and $7.4{\pm}1.2mm$ at the occlusal. 3. The desio-sistal width was $8.2{\pm}1.2mm$ at the base, and $7.0{\pm}1.3mm$ at the occlusal.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1974_1975
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• 2009

The chairbound, handicapped person often requires a cushion to distribute the supportive forces over the largest area possible in order to reduce the risk of the development of a pressure sore. Pressure sores are areas of damaged skin caused by staying in one position for too long and can cause serious infections, some of which are life-threatening. When sitting upright, the greatest proportion of body weight is centerd over the ischial tuberosities. So, it is important that comfortable seating and largest distribution of pressure to prevent pressure sores. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop the physical pressure measurement device and orthodontic chair to prevent pressure sores.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the level of recognition and utilization of Korean physical therapists for assistive technology. Methods: The subjects of this study were 218 physical therapists who worked in various institutions in Seoul, Kyonggi-do, and Choongchung area. A questionnaire was developed using a related article. Simple descriptive statistics were used for respondent characteristics, and for the level of recognition and utilization. Results: The physical therapists reported having a less-than-average level of recognition and utilization for assistive technology. They were cognizant that the use of assistive technology devices were used mainly for specific outcome such as mobility, seating and position, and ADL. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that physical therapists need more opportunities for training in assistive technology. For effective clinical applications of assistive technology, there should be continuous support, such as college education, continued education, and related seminars.

• Advances in Automotive Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of sitting position of the driver on the whiplash neck injury have been analyzed experimentally by using hybrid III series 50 percentile male crash test dummy. A testing platform consisting of vehicle ground, driver foot rest, driver seat and a 3-point seatbelt has been prepared. This testing platform and the instrumented crash test dummy are prepared for tests according to the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol. The prepared test set-up has been exposed to 3 different acceleration-time loading curves defined in the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol by performing sled tests. 9 different sled tests have been performed with the combinations of 3 different seating positions of the crash test dummy and 3 different acceleration-time loading curves. The sensor data obtained from the crash test dummy and high-speed videos taken are analyzed according to the injury assessments criteria defined in the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol and the criticality of the whiplash injury is defined. It is seen that the backset distance of the driver head with the headrest and the height difference of the top of the head of the driver with the headrest have a great importance on whiplash injuries.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Purpose: This study sought to identify the utilization and confidence in assistive technology (AT) for pediatric physical therapists (PPTs) and pediatric occupational therapists (POTs) for the purpose of improving the utilization of AT in clinics. Methods: The subjects of this study were 167 therapists (98 PPTs and 69 POTs) who work at general hospitals, welfare centers, facilities for the disabled, and special education schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The frequency analysis and chi-squared test were used. Results: This study found that both PPTs and POTs recognize that AT benefits infants with disabilities; however, they show low confidence in using AT. Applications of AT are concentrated on wheelchairs for mobility and assistance with seating position, with orthotics/prosthetics for both purposes. POTs were found to use a wider variety of AT devices. While both PPTs and POTs frequently select/recommend devices, both groups are less involved with delivery methods, manufacture of devices, and education on AT use. Conclusion: These findings show the actual conditions of utilization and confidence in AT of PPTs and POTs deeply involved with AT, and emphasize that AT training is essential for pediatric treatment by comparing domestic and foreign studies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2015

This paper statistically reviewed for the USNCAP frontal crash test results carried out by NHTSA. Vehicle samples were selected on total 20 vehicles which were included on 15 vehicles for MPV&SUV and 5 Pickup. The results was summarized as followings. The performance for the driver was better than the passenger's in the average sense. There exist distinctions between the driver and the passenger on the USNCAP front test procedure, for example dummy size, seating position and airbag style. Therefore these differences originated in the statistical results. Main effect was Neck injury for crash performance on both dummies on the average value. Root cause of neck injury was different for each dummy, ie, the driver caused from Nte & Ntf, but the passenger did absolutely Nte mode. Reliability evaluated from the standard deviation was highly dependent upon chest injury on the driver and neck injury on the passenger. Restraint system was also summarized.

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.22-25
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• 2016

This dissertation tried to analyze passenger behaviors after an accident with the possibilities of a variety of accidents open reflecting the phases of the times of increasing interests in safety of passengers as the use of means of transportation such as cars and airplanes is increasing. Because a lot of data on head-on collisions, broadside collisions and reverse side collisions have been gathered through lots of experiments and interpretations, I chose to study a relatively unfamiliar subject, dropping collision. For example, I tried to study passenger behaviors in seating position after a dropping collision in preparation for falling accidents due to recent frequently-occurring sinkholes, driver's carelessness or mechanical problems. I used MADYMO, passenger behavior interpretation program, and experimented with 2 meters high Drop Test device which I made in person to increase the reliability of the results. On the basis of these, I compared the real experiments with interpretations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Crane operators usually work with their necks bent forward in a seating position for a long period. They have complained of their musculoskeletal stress at their necks. The objective of this study was to find the level of stress at the neck when crane operators bend their neck forward during their work. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory where subjects bent their necks forward for 1 minute and took a rest for 0.5 minute and repeated this performance for 60 minutes. Subjective evaluation using Borg's CR-10 scale and electromyography (EMG) were used to check the level of the stress at the neck. Subjects reported that the level of pain at the end of 60 min. experiment was close to the extreme pain(level 8.95). The EMG level(amplitude) increased 80% on the average and the center frequency of EMG shifted to the lower frequency level which indicated fatigue of neck muscles. Thus, it was found that there is quite much neck stress for crane operators when they maintain their neck posture of bending forward for a long time during their work. This information will be a basis in searching for an intervention measure for the crane operators' neck stress.