• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2019

Objectives: The condition of the skin is greatly influenced by seasonal changes. We wanted to know the seasonal change of skin condition and to find out the difference in the efficacy of Seoshiokyongsan (SSOOS) CP soap in spring and autumn. We are to help people who use soap to make a wise choice in choosing a cleanser according to the season. Methods: To investigate the seasonal skin condition, this experiment was conducted to examine the skin condition of spring and autumn in 20 students at A university. To compare the seasonal efficacy of Seosiokyongsan (SSOOS) CP soap, we had skin test 10 students in spring and autumn. We made herbal fermented soaps using SSOOS and distributed them to experiment participants. We let them wash their face in the morning and evening for 6 weeks using herbal fermented soap. Prior to the experiment, their skin condition was checked and assessed using A-ONE Smart One-Click Automatic Facial Diagnosis System three times at 3-week intervals. After the experiment, the changes of skin were measured and analyzed through facial analysis test. Results: In spring and autumn, the oil of T zone and U zone was significantly less and the water content was significantly higher in autumn than in spring. In the case of using the SSOOS CP soap, water content increased and oil content decreased in spring, oil content and elasticity increased in autumn. Conclusion: There is a difference in the skin condition according to the season and SSOOS CP soap showed difference in efficacy in spring and autumn. So we should pay attention to seasonal soap selection.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metacognitive strategy on conceptual acquisition ofvseasonal change and self-efficacy when it was applied to 6th grade elementary students. This study consists of 2 classes, 76 students in the 6th grade of elementary school, which were divided into the experimental group (38) and the control group (38). First, a pre-test was administrated to check students' levels of metacognitive self-regulation and self-efficacy prior to getting planned lessons and then an instruction program was developed based upon the metacognitive instruction model and students' conception. The control group was exposed to traditional methods mainly using the textbook and teacher's guide book. The experimental group employed a metacognitive learning strategy program and activities with metacognitive questionnaires. After the planned lessons, the students were tested with post-tests about the conception of seasonal change and self-efficacy. One month later the students were tested again with another test to determine the continuation effect. The results were as follows: First, the group that used metacognitive conceptual change instruction did better in forming and continuing to maintain the scientific seasonal change conceptions compared to the control group. Second, the high and intermediate group taught by metacognitive conceptual change instruction was higher in the level of self-regulation than the control group. However, it was not verified in the low group. Third, the group which used metacognitive conceptual change instruction showed a higher level of self-efficacy than the control group did.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 1998

Nowadays light therapy is accepted practice in the treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder. The author reviewed the practical aspects of light therapy, latest treatment research on optimal parameters of light therapy and the mechanisms of action of light therapy. Therapeutic efficacy of light therapy using light visors & dawn simulators has been suggested but further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy. The treatment most strongly supported by research studies is light therapy using a light box to administer bright white light (2500 lux for 2 hours or 10000 lux for 30 minutes). Although some patients may be selective responders to morning light exposure, the optimal timing of light exposure still remains controversial. In practice, generally the duration of exposure can be increased or decreased as necessary and also the timing of exposure can be splitted (e.g. AM/PM usage) if optimal response is obtained. For most, a positive response of light therapy is usually noted within $4{\sim}5\;days$ and optimal response is obtained within 2 weeks. Generally the relapse of symptom occurs within days of discontinuation of light therapy, so to prevent relapse, light therapy should be continued throughout the winter season for typical seasonal affective disorder. Side effects of light therapy appear to be mild and well tolerated. Several theories for the mechanisms of action of light therapy at the basis of seasonal affective disorder had been suggested but remain still controversial. Further studies on the optimal parameters and the mechanisms of light therapy help us to better understand and treat not only seasonal affective disorders but also chronobiological disorders and nonseasonal affective disorders.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

Purpose : We conducted a prospective comparative clinical study to determine the field efficacy of the 2010-2011 influenza vaccines [Influenza virus strains; A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2), B/Brisbane/60/2008] in healthy Korean children under 18 years of age. Methods : In this study, we enrolled subjects aged between 6 months and 18 years and divided them into 2 study groups: a group who received the influenza vaccines (407 subjects), and a control group who did not receive the influenza vaccines (230 subjects). Ours was a multicenter study that involved 7 hospitals, including the Korea Cancer Center Hospital. The study was conducted between September 2010 and February 2011. We collected nasal wash or throat swab samples from subjects who presented with acute febrile respiratory or influenza-like illnesses at the hospital. We used PCR to confirm the presence of the influenza virus in the respiratory samples and characterize the virus type. Results : In this study, we collected 22 respiratory samples from the influenza-vaccinated group and found 3 cases of influenza virus infection. Similarly, we collected 21 samples from the control group and found 12 cases of influenza virus infection among 10 subjects during the study period. We determined the field efficacy of the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccines to be 83.2% in healthy Korean children and adolescents. Conclusion : In this study, we determined the field efficacy of the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccines in healthy Korean children and adolescents. We found that the field efficacy of 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccines was adequate.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2006

Alstonia scholaris is known as 'Saptaparna' in Ayurvedic System of Medicines and the bark is used for the treatment of various diseases. It has various ethnomedicinal values as different traditional communities find diverse medicinal properties. The present communication deals with the seasonal variation studies of the stem bark of this plant. The bark was collected in the month of January, July and November. There is no macro-microscopical changes in all the three seasons but the ash values showed significant differences. Crude fibre content showed sharp decline from January to July to November. Total tannin percentage was found maximum in January and minimum in June. TLC finger print profile showed more concentration of constituents in January as compared to June and November. Hence, the bark may show more efficacy when collected in January.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.249-255
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine Seasonal Occurrence, soybean damage and control efficacy of bean bug, Riptortus clavatus Thunberg at soybean field in Honam province. Occurrence of R. clavatus varied at seeding times with annual difference. The peak occurrence of R. clavatus was appeared at late of August for late May seeding and middle of September for middle June seeding. There was difference in the peak occurrence of R. clavatus due to different growing stages affected by different weather conditions though soybean was seeded at same time. If the rate of soybean seed damage area by R. clavatus sucking increases, the germinating rate was greatly decreased. If the rate of soybean seed damage area is above 50 percent, in particular, the germinating rate was very low with 2 percent. Control efficacy against R. clavatus was the highest with $91\%$ at 3 times treatment of insecticide at $R_4$ (full pod stage) + $R_5$ (Beginning seed stage) +$R_6$ (full seed stage) of soybean growing stages in field.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the evaluation of insecticidal efficacy and control effect in field of 10 environmental-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) and seasonal occurrence at the vineyards to the Lycorma delicatula. L. delicatula nymphs occurred from late May to late August the highest early June (1st nymph) while adults occurred from late July to November with the highest peak of early October (preovipositing female) in 2010. Total population density of L. delicatula was the highest in early June. For the 3rd~4th nymphal instars and adults, EFAM (Spider, Jindikap-plus and Byejin-${\alpha}$) showed perfect insecticidal activity 2hour after treatment. Seoncho showed insecticidal activities 96.7% within 48 hour. Residual effects between EFAM showed 55.5% Spider at recommended concentration at 7 days after treatment(DAT), the other EFAM had low efficacy. Jindikap-plus and Spider showed 99% control value on nymphs in the field test at 3DAT, appeared control value more than 90% at 7DAT. Also, the control effects of Jindikap-plus and Spider were showed the adult mortality of 100% and 98.2% respectively at 3DAT, 90.6% and 84.6% respectively at 7DAT. Whereas the other EFAM had low efficacy. Jindikap-plus and Spider were excellent control effects compared with Acetamiprid WP.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2010

Seasonal occurrence and suitable time of control of Tetranychus kanzawai along with the control efficacy of the alternative use of natural predator and miticide was investigated in Rubus coreanus (Miquel). T. kanzawai appeared in late May with its peak between June and July, and decreased after August in R. coreanus. In Iksan, T. kanzawai estimates show peaks 2~4 times per year during the investigation periods from 2006 to 2008 in R. coreanus fields. Suitable time of control of T. kanzawai was in early to mid May. And control effects of T. kanzawai was improved with an alternated control plot, treating miticides in early-occurrence of T. kanzawai and then releasing the natural predator (Phytoseiulus persimilis Anthias-Henriot). Also, the yields of R. coreanus was highest in the alternated control plot of 638kg/10a compared to non-treatment of 559kg/10a.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.893-901
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• 2018

Influenza viruses that cause recurrent seasonal epidemics to humans can be controlled with vaccine and antiviral therapy. However, the medical treatments often exhibit limited efficacy in the elderly or immunosuppressed individuals. In these cases, daily uptake of probiotics may be an option to bring in health benefits against influenza. Here, we demonstrate the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Lm) against seasonal and avian influenza viruses. As assessed by the plaque size reduction of human H1N1 and avian influenza H7N9 viruses, including green fluorescent protein-tagged H1N1 strain in cells, the selected Lp and Lm strains restrained viral replication in mouse lungs with statistical significance. Against lethal viral challenge, the Lp and Lm strains exhibited their beneficial effects by increasing the mean days and rates of survival of the infected mice. These results suggest that, despite rather narrow ranges of protective efficacy, the dietary supplement of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc probiotics may promote health benefits against influenza.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2020

Pheromone-based techniques are becoming a viable strategy of insect pest management as facilitated by the exponential increase in numbers of pheromone identifications from many insect pests. This is the report on the efficacy of pheromone-mediated chemical communication disruption (PCD) technique against the Korean population of smaller clearwing moths, Synanthedon tenuis (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) using its female sex pheromone component, (Z, Z)-3, 13-octadecadien-1-ol. The PCD trials were carried out four times during 2016 and 2017 in persimmon orchards located at Suncheon and Jinju Cities in Korea, and the PCD efficacy was expressed as the mean differences in the seasonal catches of S. tenuis males in the PCD and control plots. The seasonal male moth catches in monitoring traps installed in the PCD plots were significantly lower as compared with those installed in the control plots. Consequently, the PCD efficacy in the experimental orchards ranged from 95.2-100% with an average efficacy of 98.8 ± 1.2%, revealing a future possibility of pheromone-based management of S. tenuis.