• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.557-560
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• 2005

This paper proposes the demand-side management(DSM) monitoring system of high efficient end-use equipments considering demand-side bidding (DSB). The effect on the market penetration of high efficient equipments by demand side bidding is analysed. Seasonal peak demand forecasting and penetration capacity of these equipments . are analysed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2010

Seasonal occurrence and suitable time of control of Tetranychus kanzawai along with the control efficacy of the alternative use of natural predator and miticide was investigated in Rubus coreanus (Miquel). T. kanzawai appeared in late May with its peak between June and July, and decreased after August in R. coreanus. In Iksan, T. kanzawai estimates show peaks 2~4 times per year during the investigation periods from 2006 to 2008 in R. coreanus fields. Suitable time of control of T. kanzawai was in early to mid May. And control effects of T. kanzawai was improved with an alternated control plot, treating miticides in early-occurrence of T. kanzawai and then releasing the natural predator (Phytoseiulus persimilis Anthias-Henriot). Also, the yields of R. coreanus was highest in the alternated control plot of 638kg/10a compared to non-treatment of 559kg/10a.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.737-753
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• 2011

The typical characteristics of seasonal winds were studied around the Pohang using two-stage (average linkage then k-means) clustering technique based on u- and v-component wind at 850 hpa from 2004 to 2006 (obtained the Pohang station) and a high-resolution (0.5 km grid for the finest domain) WRF-UCM model along with an up-to-date detailed land use data during the most predominant pattern in each season. The clustering analysis identified statistically distinct wind patterns (7, 4, 5, and 3 clusters) representing each spring, summer, fall, and winter. During the spring, the prevailed pattern (80 days) showed weak upper northwesterly flow and late sea-breeze. Especially at night, land-breeze developed along the shoreline was converged around Yeongil Bay. The representative pattern (92 days) in summer was weak upper southerly flow and intensified sea-breeze combined with sea surface wind. In addition, convergence zone between the large scale background flow and well-developed land-breeze was transported around inland (industrial and residential areas). The predominant wind distribution (94 days) in fall was similar to that of spring showing weak upper-level flow and distinct sea-land breeze circulation. On the other hand, the wind pattern (117 days) of high frequency in winter showed upper northwesterly and surface westerly flows, which was no change in daily wind direction.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.882-889
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• 2012

This study has evaluated the trophic state in Daecheong Lake by Carlson (1977) method, Aizaki (1981) method, Yang and dickman (1993) method, and Korean trophic state index method. For estimating the trophic state index from each analysis method we use water quality factors such as COD, TN, TP, Chl-a, and SD provided by the water information system and the ministry of environment. The seasonal lake trophic state results denote the mesotrophic state lake from Carlson (1977) method, Aizaki (1981) method, and Korean trophic state index method and the high relation between Carlson (1977) method and Aizaki (1981) method with the coefficient of determination $R^2$ greater than 0.9 for all the seasons. Although Korean trophic index method has relatively weak relation to other methods with the coefficient of determination $R^2$ ranging from 0.419 to 0.701, we propose that Korean trophic index method is suitable for use in domestic lakes since Korean trophic index results show the similar periodicity and tendency with other method results. Hence, Korean trophic index method incorporating domestic lake characteristics is expected to can contribute to seasonal water quality management measures in lakes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.632-639
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• 2008

This paper deals with feeding site distribution aspect and seasonal distribution change of the wintering geese in Cheonsu bay and reclaimed area from October 2006 to March 2007. Geese were distributed mostly in agricultural land(rice field) during day time. According to the distribution map by maximum counts, observed geese of agricultural land were frequently distributed in large agricultural land. Especially, Geese were more used agricultural land near the reservoir where used as roosting site than the other sites. Diurnal feeding site of the geese were agricultural land near the reservoir with huge flock during early wintering season(October), but geese were used the agricultural land far from reservoir after mid wintering season(after January). The feeding flock size of Geese were decreased and feeding site was more far from the reservoir than in mid wintering season during late wintering season(March). Habitat use rate of the quadrat area where below 1km from the reservoir was most high in early wintering season. Contrary, habitat use rate where 2km far from the reservoir was shown lowest habitat use rate in early wintering season, but it was increased during mid wintering season(January) and decreased after mid wintering season. Habitat use rate of the agricultural land where 2km below and 1 km far from reservoir was shown middle rate, but it was increased until November and decreased after November. This result shown that feeding site preference of the wintering geese was affected by distance from roosting site(reservoir), and feeding site was changed as a food sources decreasing by stay time of geese flock.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2003

The term “energy saving is economical” is appropriate for the national view point and for design and assessment of one system, but not appropriate when choosing the system by comparing alternative systems in the early design step. Sometimes, non-energy saving system is more economical than energy saving system because of the price of electricity, gas or oil, which are used for operating the air conditioning system. Therefore, when designing a system, we should consider the efficient alternatives through economic assessment of energy saving method. However, research on non-operating number control of the system is not sufficient because it is more common to use operating number control of the system for most economic assessment of air conditioning systems. For this reason, this research can provide the economic operating number control method as basic design data. The data obtained through analysis of life cycle cost based on amount of yearly energy use, are produced by system simulation of HASP/ACLD/8501 and HASP/ACSS/8502 for six alternative heating$.$cooling systems based on seasonal air conditioning system, which is widely used for medium and large size office buildings in Busan.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.503-512
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• 2018

Globally there is an increasing need to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the use of renewable sources of energy. The storage of solar thermal energy is a crucial aspect for implementing the solar energy for space heating in high latitudes, where solar insolation is high in summer and almost negligible in winter when the domestic heating demand is high. To use the solar heating during winter thermal energy storage is required. In this paper, equations representing the single U-tube heat exchanger are implemented in weak form edge elements in COMSOL Multiphysics(R) to speed up the calculation process for modelling of a borehole storage layout. Multiple borehole seasonal solar thermal energy storage scenarios are successfully simulated. After 5 years of operation, the most efficient simulated borehole pattern containing 168 borehole heat exchangers recovers 69% of the stored seasonal thermal energy and provides 971 MWh of thermal energy for heating in winter.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.993-998
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• 2017

De-icing salts applied to roads during winter enable safe driving conditions. However, these salts are eventually displaced to roadside areas at which they can negatively impact soil, vegetation, and water resources. This purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between foliar damage ratio (NY = 0-25%, SY = 26-50%, CY = 51-75%) on roadside trees (Ginko biloba) and seasonal impact of de-icing salts on soil and vegetation. Thirty roadside trees were selected at 8 m intervals between the Konkuk and Judeok intersections in Chung-ju city. The results reveal that seasonal soil acidity is relatively alkaline for foliar damage ratio of Ginko biloba was CY compared to NY. Also, electronic conductivity of each seasonal sampling was recorded as high in winter and spring, whereas the opposite trend is observed in summer. Various plants species were identified in abundance under roadside trees within NY roadside sections. These same species were observed in reduced numbers within CY sections. Strong negative correlations were identified between foliar damage ratio on roadside trees and vegetation. This relationship may be a method to use in predicting the accumulation of de-icing salt and visible injuries on roadside trees.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.509-519
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to present important guidelines for effective eye-shadow color coordination according to T.P.O. such as 'Day time to Night', 'Special Occasions', 'Holiday Accents', 'Seasonal Looks' and 'Animated Characters'. The method is as follows; This study examined the 100 works of her published in the?500 EYE MAKEUP DESIGNS?. For this research analysis, three specialists selected a total of 100 photo-works through 3 rounds of evaluation. This study analysis was conducted based on the colors and tones of eye-shadows identified under Munsell's basic color chart. The study findings are as follows; First, 'Day time to Night' was found to have similarity coloration most frequently, presenting a more stable look in the Natural makeup. Second, 'Special Occasions' showed similarity, accent, and complex colorations mainly. Third, 'Holiday Accents' showed diverse types of colorations such as accent, complex, similarity and contrast. Forth, 'Seasonal Looks' was found to use a variety of colorations including similarity, contrast, accent, gradation and complex. Fifth, 'Animated Characters' showed contrast coloration the most for dramatic effect along with accent and complex colorations to give a unique and symbolic look. The color scheme database(DB) obtained in this study will be present important guidelines for future in eye-shadow makeup design.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 1986

Seasonal changes in pool size, inflow rates in biomass and phosphorus, and the efficiency of phosphorus use in the stand of three populations (Helianthus tuberosus, Artemisia princeps and Phalaris arundinacea) in the basin of the Mt. Geumoh were investigated. During the early growing period, in the three species populations the relative size of the phosphorus pool of population was larger then that of its biomass pool, but that of the phosphorus pool of belowground part decreased more rapidly than that of its biomass pool. In the A. princeps and P. arundinacea populations, the phosphorus inflow rate was markedly high during the soil thaw in early spring and its seasonal change pattern was different from that of the biomass production rate, showing two peaks in March and June. But in the H. tuberosus population, the two seasonal change patterns were alike. The annual biomass production was 2283 gDM m-2 in the H. tuberosus, 1884 m-2 in the A. princeps and 1879 gDM m-2 in the P. arundinacea population, and the annual phosphorus inflow was 11.35, 9.63 and 7.60 gP m-2, respectively. The P. arundinacea population showed the smallest LAI peak(5.4 in early June), and the largest NAR peak (36.9 gDM m-2wk-1) RGR peak (0.15g g-1 wk-1) among the three species populations. The seasonal change patterns in whole plant EPU of the three species populations showed the bell shape, but the annual EPU values among them were markedly different. It was noticed that the population with the highest RGR showed the highest EPU among the three species populations while the population with the lowest RGR showed the lowest EPU among them.