• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

Purpose: The use of renewable energy system is essential for building energy independence and saving energy consumption in the building sector. Among renewable energy technologies, ground source heat pump(GSHP) system is more energy-efficient and environmental-friendly than other heat source systems due to utilize stable ground heat source. However, the GSHP system requires a high initial installation cost and installation space in limited urban area, so it is difficult to have superiority in the market of heat source system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the installation method of low-cost and improve system performance. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of double u-tube ground heat exchanger(GHX) and verify system feasibility through real-scale experiment. Method: In this study, the real-scale experiment of vertical closed-type GSHP system was conducted using double u-tube GHX and high-efficiency grout. Through the verification experiment, heat source temperature, heat exchange rate(HER) and seasonal performance factor(SPF) were measured according to the long-term operation. In addition, the feasibility analysis was conducted comparing to the single u-tube system. Result: In the results of experiment, average HER was 136.27 W/m and average SPF was 5.41. Furthermore, compared to the single u-tube, the installation cost of the developed system could be reduced about 70% in the same heating load condition.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-99
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• 1982

Water content and its seasonal change in reprodltctive organs were reviewed in relation to cultivation practice s. Precipitati on and humidity under shade roof were reviewed in relation to shading ,jystem and environmental factors. High water content of reproductive organs suggests vulnerability to water stress during reproductive growth stage. Watering during dehisconce treat menu seems to keep optimum temperature but cnoventional practice seems to be too often In watering. Information effe on water physiology of seeds is too rare to develop seed storing method and ctive seed use. Dehiscent mechanism was considered in terms of water absorption of embryo. Precipitation rate of conventional shade roof reaclled to 38% and at line level 50% and varied with shade patterns. Precipitation rate under shade has been investigated for itself but should be investigated in relation to light intensity and soil moisture content Relative humidity under shade depends mainly on air humidity and soil moisture, considerably on shade materials and lithe on pole height, bed width or plant density. Since relative humidity was lower in afternoon it was often less than 50% even in summer with high temperature suggesting possible disorder of phi biological function especially in photosynthesis. More information was needed on optimum humidity for productive physiological function of leaf.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze Alva Aalto's libraries for understanding his efficient induction of natural light. To fulfill this purpose, Alvar Aalto's thought about library and natural light are examined through his working years and building types. The comparison of his libraries on usage of natural light shows different ways of natural light induction based on different locations and programs of libraries. Similarities and differences of Alvar Aalto's library architecture have strong relationship to the usage of natural light in libraries because Alvar Aalto himself regard reading as the core function of library and the efficient use of natural light is the main key of reading. In his natural light planning, regional characteristics including environmental factors and programmatic differences act as a basic standard for natural light plan. Especially, altitude of sun and its path, seasonal features affect the induction way of natural light. While conical skylights used at Viipuri library shows the characteristics of universality in Modernism architecture, later libraries presents not only various kinds of pan-shape plan but different ways of inducing natural light in according to appropriate function. From conical skylight to monitor with curved reflection wall make it possible shed diffused light to reading space and this affects to form Alvar Aalto's organic architecture. As a result, using natural light in Alvar Aalto's library architecture act as the core of forming library concepts and their development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3343-3352
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• 2014

Chemoprevention is an attempt to use nontoxic natural and synthetic substances or their mixtures to intervene the relatively early stages of carcinogenesis, before invasive characteristics are manifested. The consumption of fruits is well known to reduce the risk of human cancers. Although most fruits are available only on a seasonal basis, recent advances in food processing technologies have made it possible to extend the shelf life of fruits and fruit-products. Fruits can be preserved by applying different drying processes to reduce the moisture content. Different varieties of dried fruits are now sold in supermarkets, thereby making them readily accessible to consumers. Since oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play important roles in cancer development, dried fruits with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties hold promise for cancer chemoprevention. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities of dried fruits are largely attributed to their polyphenols and vitamins. Dried fruits contain adequate amounts of bioactive principles, such as anthocyanins, acetogenins, catechins, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenes, xanthones, and others. Since numerous health beneficial phytochemicals in fruits are conserved even after processing, regular intake of dried fruits can help prevent cancer. This review addresses the chemopreventive potential of representative dried fruits and their active constituents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 1997

Season is very important as it defines the contemporaries for sire and cow evaluation. An attempt is made for defining season for animal model evaluation of Sahiwal animals, using 1,227 records from 730 cows. Cows were required to have a lactation length of 305-days. Ten different combinations of months for two, four, five or other seasons were tried. The other fixed effect in the model was age defined within parity. The random effects were permanent environment and animal's breeeding value along with the residual effects. A single trait animal model was used where all known relationships of an animal were incorporated in a relationship matrix. The error variance from the fitted model decreased as the number of year-season combinations increased, indicating a month-year model to be more appropriate. This, on the other hand, decreased the number of contemporaries for certain subclasses to a minimum of one, making the bull comparisons invalid. Use of a two season scenario, with winter (November through February) and summer (March through October) was better than the other combinations in terms of error variance of the fitted model and the number of lactations represented in any year-season subclass.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.209-212
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• 2002

The understanding of seasonal forage intake of grazing deer is essential for the development of supplementary feeding strategies in southern Australia. The alkane technique is used in other animal species for estimating feed intake of individual animals and their diet composition. To assess the potential of using alkanes as a marker for predicting feed intake of fallow deer, the daily faecal recovery of alkanes and excretion rate of dosed artificial alkanes (C32 and C36) were measured with 6 deer fed three forage based diets. The artificial alkane capsule designed for use in sheep is suitable for fallow deer. Faecal samples need to be collected over days 7-19 after dosing. The daily excretion rate was 40 mg for C32 and 37 mg for C36. The faecal recovery of natural alkanes is incomplete and the faecal concentrations of alkanes need to be adjusted for an accurate estimation of intake. The actual feed intake of 6 experimental deer over a 5 day period was accurately estimated ($R^2$=0.52) using alkanes.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The Indian summer monsoon behaved an abnormal way in 2002 and as a result there was a large deficiency in precipitation (especially in July) over a large part of the Indian subcontinent. For the study of deficient monsoon of 2002, a recent version of the NCAR regional climate model (RegCM3) has been used to examine the important features of summer monsoon circulations and precipitation during 2002. The main characteristics of wind fields at lower level (850 hPa) and upper level (200 hPa) and precipitation simulated with the RegCM3 over the Indian subcontinent are studied using different cumulus parameterization schemes namely, mass flux schemes, a simplified Kuo-type scheme and Emanuel (EMU) scheme. The monsoon circulation features simulated by RegCM3 are compared with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and simulated precipitation is validated against observation from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC). Validation of the wind fields at lower and upper levels show that the use of Arakawa and Schubert (AS) closure in Grell convection scheme, a Kuo type and Emanuel schemes produces results close to the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Similarly, precipitation simulated with RegCM3 over different homogeneous zones of India with the AS closure in Grell is more close to the corresponding observed monthly and seasonal values. RegcM3 simulation also captured the spatial distribution of deficient rainfall in 2002.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.534-539
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is the introduction of pollutant loads's estimation into Saemangeum watershed area with M.E.'s guidebook for TMDL and GIS tool. To estimate reliable pollutants loads, it is necessary to think about characteristic of removal, discharge and runoff as time series. In this study, it was calculated for generation loads which be came from pollutant source, discharge loads which be reduced in the treatment facilities and delivery loads which be considered the self purification parameter and delivery distance. To assess the delivery distance handily, it was particularly estimated using Arc-GIS. It was met with good results that delivery loads of BOD, T-N and T-P was reflected to seasonal precipitation. Lastly to verify the estimated pollutant loads, HSPF developed by USEPA was applied to it. It was showed a relativity of observed to simulated data for flow, Temperature, DO, BOD, $NO_3^--N$ TN and TP. Consequantly, this delivery loads can make full use of model input data for prediction of pollutant loads.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

The Indian summer monsoon behaved in an abnormal way in 2002 and as a result there was a large deficiency in precipitation (especially in July) over a large part of the Indian subcontinent. For the study of deficient monsoon of 2002, a recent version of the NCAR regional climate model (RegCM3) has been used to examine the important features of summer monsoon circulations and precipitation during 2002. The main characteristics of wind fields at lower level (850 hPa) and upper level (200 hPa) and precipitation simulated with the RegCM3 over the Indian subcontinent are studied using different cumulus parameterization schemes namely, mass flux schemes, a simplified Kuo-type scheme and Emanuel (EMU) scheme. The monsoon circulation features simulated by RegCM3 are compared with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and simulated precipitation is validated against observation from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC). Validation of the wind fields at lower and upper levels shows that the use of Arakawa and Schubert (AS) closure in Grell convection scheme, a Kuo type and Emanuel schemes produces results close to the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Similarly, precipitation simulated with RegCM3 over different homogeneous zones of India with the AS closure in Grell is more close to the corresponding observed monthly and seasonal values. RegcM3 simulation also captured the spatial distribution of deficient rainfall in 2002.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.434-444
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop children-friendly education materials based on food replicas for the dietary education of lower grade elementary students. Through a literature review on current dietary problems and dietary education for children, five education themes were chosen: balanced diet, seasonal food, traditional food, noodle culture, and making instant noodles. A total of 304 key food items for food replicas were selected based on the themes: six basic food groups (113 items), balanced meals (37 items), dietary habits (74 items), spring foods (13 items), summer foods (17 items), autumn foods (16 items), winter foods (11 items), Korean traditional foods (52 items), Korean native noodles (18 items), noodles from foreign countries (19 items), and making instant noodles (46 items). Next, a food replica database was developed consisting of name of the food, picture, size, ingredient, recipe, reference, and attached code. Powerpoint slides and teaching plans for all education themes were developed utilizing the food replicas in order to raise interest and understanding of serving size and intake amount. This research provides a basis for the development of food replicas as effective dietary education materials for elementary students and their use in extra-curricular activities, after school programs, community health centers, or food companies.