• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.47.1-47.12
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• 2023

Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) is among the most economically important freshwater fish species in Thailand. It ranks fourth in economic value and third in production weight for fisheries and culture in Thailand. An XX/XY sex-determination system based on gynogenesis was previously reported for this fish. In this study, the molecular basis underlying the sex-determination system was further investigated. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data were generated for 32 captive-bred silver barb individuals, previously scored by phenotypic sex, to identify sex-linked regions associated with sex determination. Sixty-three male-linked loci, indicating putative XY chromosomes, were identified. Male-specific loci were not observed, which indicates that the putative Y chromosome is young and the sex determination region is cryptic. A homology search revealed that most male-linked loci were homologous to the Mariner/Tc1 and Gypsy transposable elements and are probably the remnants of an initial accumulation of repeats on the Y chromosome from the early stages of sex chromosome differentiation. This research provides convincing insights into the mechanism of sex determination and reveals the potential sex determination regions in silver barb. The study provides the basic data necessary for increasing the commercial value of silver barbs through genetic improvements.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph conducted a systematic review of the relationship between asbestos and ovarian cancer. However, there may have been information bias due to the undue weight given to few articles. To address this limitation, the present study performed a meta-analysis integrating studies published both before and after the 2012 IARC Monograph on Asbestos, with the aim of investigating the association between asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer. Methods: A comprehensive search of major journal databases was conducted to identify studies examining the relationship between asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer, including those featured in the 2012 IARC Monograph on Asbestos. A meta-analysis on asbestos exposure and cancer risk was performed. Results: The meta-analysis of studies published after the 2012 IARC Monograph on Asbestos found a summary Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.03-4.05; p = 0.0123; 5 studies), with a significant degree of heterogeneity among the studies (I² = 72.99%). The combined analysis of 15 studies before and after the 2012 IARC Monograph showed an overall summary SMR of 1.72 (95% CI: 1.43-2.06; p = 0.0349; 15 studies), with a moderate degree of heterogeneity (I² = 42.99%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides evidence of a significant association between asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer mortality. While the possibility of misdiagnosis in earlier studies cannot be completely ruled out, recent findings suggest a robust correlation between asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer. This highlights the importance of sustained efforts to minimize asbestos exposure and protect public health.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to search for the type of technical error in DEXA(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and the effect of error to measurement of BMD. Materials and Methods: The changes of BMD($g/cm^2$, T-score) by patients information(Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) input error and Confirming ROI error were investigated. Using spine phantom, we canned 10 times by age(5, 10), weight(10, 20 kg), height(5, 10 cm), manopause age(5, 10) increase & decrease respectively. Scanning region(L-spine, femur, Forearm) of 10 patients was calculated by changing ROI respectively. Analysis of difference for mean(precision 1%) were carried out. Results: The error of patient information(Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) was not changed differently. In confirming ROI, the BMD and T-score of L-spine involving T-12 was decreased to $0.063\;g/cm^2$, 0.3 and involving L-5 increased to $0.077\;g/cm^2$, 0.5. In narrowing 1 cm of vertical line of ROI, the BMD and T-score decreased to $0.006\;g/cm^2$, 0.1 and in 2 cm, $0.021\;g/cm^2$, 0.15, each. In hip ROI, Upper and left shift(0.5 cm) of line was not influenced BMD and T-score. In 0.5 cm lower shift(lesser trochanter below), the BMD and T-score increased $0.031\;g/cm^2$, 0.3 and in 1 cm $0.094\;g/cm^2$, 0.65, each. In forearm ROI, the BMD and T-score decreased $0.042\;g/cm^2$, 0.9 involving 1 cm lower wrist. And expanding 1 cm of vertical line, the BMD and T-score decreased $0.008\;g/cm^2$, 0.1 and in 2 cm, $0.021\;g/cm^2$, 0.3, each. The L-spine, hip, forearm ROI error was changed differently. Conclusion: There are so many kinds of technical error in BMD processing. Errors according to age, weight, height, manopause age did not influent to $BMD(g/cm^2)$ and T-score. There are mean differences BMD and T-score in confirming ROI. For the precision exam, in L-spine processing, L1-4 have to confirmed without shift of ROI vertical line. In hip processing, the ROI have to included greater trochanter, femur head and lesser trochanter. In forearm processing, the ROI have to included wrist, radius and ulnar.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

The objective of this study is the development of a scheme and discrete optimum design algorithm, which is based on the genetic algorithm. The algorithm can perform both scheme and size optimum designs of plane trusses. The developed Scheme genetic algorithm was implemented in a computer program. For the optimum design, the objective function is the weight of structures and the constraints are limits on loads and serviceability. The basic search method for the optimum design is the genetic algorithm. The algorithm is known to be very efficient for the discrete optimization. However, its application to the complicated structures has been limited because of the extreme time need for a number of structural analyses. This study solves the problem by introducing the size & scheme genetic algorithm operators into the genetic algorithm. The genetic process virtually takes no time. However, the evolutionary process requires a tremendous amount of time for a number of structural analyses. Therefore, the application of the genetic algorithm to the complicated structures is extremely difficult, if not impossible. The scheme genetic algorithm operators was introduced to overcome the problem and to complement the evolutionary process. It is very efficient in the approximate analyses and scheme and size optimization of plane trusses structures and considerably reduces structural analysis time. Scheme and size discrete optimum combined into the genetic algorithm is what makes the practical discrete optimum design of plane fusses structures possible. The efficiency and validity of the developed discrete optimum design algorithm was verified by applying the algorithm to various optimum design examples: plane pratt, howe and warren truss.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.499-506
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• 1993

The contents of sulfur, sulfur-containing protein and amino acids of soybean seeds of 518 genotypes as well as their inheritance and selection efficiency in early breeding generation were measured to facilitate breeding for soybean with high sulfur-containing amino acids. Average seed sulfur content of 518 cultivars was 0.33%, and ranged from 0.20 to 0.45%, and that of 30 wild soybeans was 0.35%, and ranged form 0.19 to 0.62%. Correlation coefficients between seed sulfur content and sulfur-containing protein and amino acids were 0.924$^{**}$ and 0.974$^{**}$, respectively. Seed sulfur content was tended to be high in soybean genotypes with late maturity, seed coat bloom, or green cotyledon. Sulfur content had -0.312$^{**}$ correlation coeficient with sugar content and -0.384$^{**}$ with 100 seed weight. Seed sulfur content was inherited quantitatively, in which additive effect was greater than dominant one, and proportion of genes with positive effects was similar to those with negative ones. Estimated narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities were 0.75 and 0.88 for seed sulfur content, respectively. Heritability measured from selection in early breeding lines for high or low seed sulfur content was 60～62.5% or 50～62,5%, respectively. And selection for high sulfur content increased by 14.7～18.8%, whereas that for low one decreased by 8.8～15.6%, when compared to that of random population. Therefore selection in early generation seemed to be clearly effective.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-139
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• 2008

This study analyzed problem presenting and solving activities in elementary school mathematics class to enhance insights of teachers in class for providing real meaning of learning. Following research problems were selected to provide basic information for improving to sound student oriented lesson rather than teacher oriented lessons. Protocols were made based on video information of 5th grade elementary school 'Na' level figure and measurement area 3. Congruence of figures, 4. Symmetry of figures, and 6. Areas and weight. Protocols were analyzed with numbering, comment, coding and categorizing processes. This study is an qualitative exploratory research held toward three teachers of 5th grade for problem solving activities analysis in problem presenting method, opportunity to providing method to solve problems and teachers' behavior in problem solving activities. Following conclusions were obtained through this study. First, problem presenting method, opportunity providing method to solve problems and teachers' behavior in problem solving activities were categorized in various types. Second, Effective problem presenting methods for understanding in mathematics problem solving activities are making problem solving method questions or explaining contents of problems. Then the students clearly recognize problems to solve and they can conduct searches and exploratory to solve problems. At this point, the students understood fully what their assignments were and were also able to search for methods to solve the problem. Third, actual opportunity providing method for problem solving is to provide opportunity to present activities results. Then students can experience expressing what they have explored and understood during problem solving activities as well as communications with others. At this point, the students independently completed their assignments, expressed their findings and understandings in the process, and communicated with others. Fourth, in order to direct the teachers' changes in behaviors towards a positive direction, the teacher must be able to firmly establish himself or herself as a teaching figure in order to promote students' independent actions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2007

Six male Gayal (Bos frontalis), approximately two years of age and with a mean live weight of $203{\pm}17$ kg ($mean{\pm}standard\;deviation$), were housed indoors in metabolism cages and fed bamboo (Sinarundinaria) leaves and twigs. After an adjustment period of 24 days of feeding the diet, samples of rumen liquor were obtained for analyses of bacteria in the liquor. The diversity of rumen bacteria was investigated by constructing a 16S rDNA clone library. A total of 147 clones, comprising nearly full length sequences (with a mean length of 1.5 kb) were sequenced and submitted to an on-line similarity search and phylogenetic analysis. Using the criterion of 97% or greater similarity with the sequences of known bacteria, 17 clones were identified as Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens, Quinella ovalis, Clostridium symbiosium, Succiniclasticum ruminis, Selenomonas ruminantium and Allisonella histaminiformans, respectively. A further 22 clones shared similarity ranging from 90-97% with known bacteria but the similarity in sequences for the remaining 109 clones was less than 90% of those of known bacteria. Using a phylogenetic analysis it was found that the majority of the clones identified (57.1%) were located in the low G+C subdivision, with most of the remainder (42.2% of clones) located in the Cytophage-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum and one clone (0.7%) was identified as a Spirochaete. It was apparent that Gayal have a large and diverse range of bacteria in the rumen liquor which differ from those of cattle and other ruminants. This may explain the greater live weights of Gayal, compared to cattle, grazing in the harsh natural environments in which Gayal are located naturally.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2002

The data were consisted of 1,262 records for carcass traits observed at Hanwoo steers from 1998 to 2001 at Namwon and Deakwanryung branch of National Livestock Research Institute, Rural Development Administration. Pedigrees of young bulls were traced back to search for magnifying inbreeding. Genetic parameters for carcass traits with Gibbs sampling in a threshold animal model were compared to estimates with REML algorithm in linear model. As the results, most of bulls were not inbred and sire pedigree group was non-inbred population. However, most of the bulls fell in some relationship with each other. Heritability estimates as fully posterior means by Gibbs samplers in threshold model were higher than those by REML in linear model. Furthermore, these estimates in threshold model using GS showed higher estimates than estimates using tested young bulls in previous study and same model. Heritability estimate by GS for marbling score was 0.74 and genetic correlation estimate between marbling score and body weight at slaughter was –0.44. Further study for correlation of breeding values between REML algorithm in linear model and Gibbs sampling algorithm in threshold model was needed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2006

Using PCR amplification, we cloned a cellulase gene (ce/H) from the Bacillus subtilis AH18 which has plant growth-promoting activity and antagonistic ability against pepper blight caused by Phytophthora capsici. The 1.6 kb PCR fragment contained the full sequence of the cellulase gene and the 1,582 bp gene deduced a 508 amino acid sequence. Similarity search in protein database revealed that the cellulase of B. subtilis AH18 was more than 98% homologous in the amino acid sequence to those of several major Bacillus spp. The ce/H was expressed in E. coli under an IPTG inducible lac promoter on the vector, had apparent molecular weight of about 55 kDa upon CMC-SDS-PAGE analysis. Partially purified cellulase had not only cellulolytic activity toward carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) but also insoluble cellulose, such as Avicel and filter paper (Whatman No. 1). In addition, the cellulase could degrade a fungal cell wall of Phytophthora capsici. The optimum pH and temperature of the ce/H coded cellulase were determined to be pH 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was activated by $AgNO_3$ or $CoCl_2$. However its activity was Inhibited by $HgC1_2$. The enzyme activity was activated by hydroxy urea or sodium azide and inhibited by CDTA or EDTA. The results indicate that the cellulase gene, ce/H is an antifungal mechanism of B. subtilis AH18 against phytophthora blight disease in red-pepper.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1439-1448
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• 2005

In this paper, after similarity of color information in above toro and geometry position analysis of important characteristic information in face and abstraction object that is inputted detects face area using comparison, describe about method to do user certification using ratio information and hair spring degree. Face abstraction algorithm that use color information has comparative advantages than face abstraction algorithm that use form information because have advantage that is not influenced facial degree or site etc. that tip. Because is based on color information, change of lighting or to keep correct performance because is sensitive about color such as background similar to complexion is difficult. Therefore, can be used more efficiently than method to use color information as that detect characteristic information of eye and lips etc. that is facial importance characteristic element except color information and similarity for each object achieves comparison. This paper proposes system that eye and mouth's similarity that calculate characteristic that is ratio red of each individual after divide face by each individual and is segmentalized giving weight in specification calculation recognize user confirming similarity through search. Could experiment method to propose and know that the awareness rate through analysis with the wave rises.