• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.861-865
• /
• 2009

Technical development in car has utilized electronic controls (ECU, Electronic Control Unit) recently if was achieved machine such as engine performance in priority and electronic side technical development that improve safety, convenience, expense etc. is proceeded vigorously. Also, preference of consumers for car is various model's number according to change at the fast speed and complexity of software required from vanguard service development was increased greatly. Software development expense dominated considerable weight in car manufacture expense by such change and automakers established OSEK/VDX that is standard of automobile embeded system to reuse application software by module to respond this and transplant easily to other control device. Do when search about all item that is necessary in real-time OS structure that examines OSEK/VDX standard that is presented as the alternative to respond environment that change rapidly that refer in dignified mien after it is original, and uses actuality OSEK/VDX.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.496-502
• /
• 2021

Recently, deep speaker embedding approach has been widely used in text-independent speaker verification, which shows better performance than the traditional i-vector approach. In this work, to improve the deep speaker embedding approach, we propose a novel method called group-based speaker embedding which incorporates group information. We cluster all speakers of the training data into a predefined number of groups in an unsupervised manner, so that a fixed-length group embedding represents the corresponding group. A Group Decision Network (GDN) produces a group weight, and an aggregated group embedding is generated from the weighted sum of the group embeddings and the group weights. Finally, we generate a group-based embedding by adding the aggregated group embedding to the deep speaker embedding. In this way, a speaker embedding can reduce the search space of the speaker identity by incorporating group information, and thereby can flexibly represent a significant number of speakers. We conducted experiments using the VoxCeleb1 database to show that our proposed approach can improve the previous approaches.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.342-346
• /
• 2018

Background: Green tea extracts are approved as nonprescription drug and available as health functional foods, health foods, and beverages. Clinical information on the products is lacking. Methods: Information about the products on green tea nonprescription drugs was obtained from the website of the Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. The Naver, i.e., a top ranking online search portal, was used for compiling the list of the health functional food products using key words of 'green tea catechin' on August 23, 2018. The recommended daily dosages of catechins were calculated as 30% of the total dried mass of green tea and about 50% of the catechins were considered as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Results: A total of two types of nonprescription drugs containing green tea powder or extracts, nine health functional food products, and three types of health foods were found. The regulatory requirements of the EGCG exceeding 800 mg were reported to be associated with adverse effects of elevated liver enzyme. If consumers take several green tea products concurrently, such as nonprescription drugs with health functional foods or health foods, it could exceed the recommended amount of EGCG. Conclusion: The concurrent use of green tea products as nonprescription drugs, health functional foods, and healthy foods may lead to an increased exposure to EGCG. Pharmacists should be aware the availability of various types of green tea products and the potential risk of liver toxicity due to excessive consumption of EGCG.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we propose a system for analyzing documents in XML format and in reports. The system extracts the paper or reports of keywords, shows them to the user, and then extracts the paragraphs containing the keywords by inputting the keywords that the user wants to search within the document. The system checks the frequency of keywords entered by the user, calculates weights, and removes paragraphs containing only keywords with the lowest weight. Also, we divide the refined paragraphs into 10 regions, calculate the importance of the paragraphs per region, compare the importance of each region, and inform the user of the main region having the highest importance. With these features, the proposed system can provide the main paragraphs with higher compression ratio than analyzing the papers or reports using the existing document analysis system. This will reduce the time required to understand the document.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.89-108
• /
• 2010

Recently many mutual authentication protocol for light-weight hash-based for RFID have been proposed. Most of them have assumed that communications between a backend server and reader are secure, and not considered threats for backend server and RFID reader impersonation. In the real world, however, attacks against database or reader are more effective rather than attacks against RFID tag, at least from attacker's perspective. In this paper, we assume that all communications are not secure to attackers except the physical attack, and considering realistic threats for designing a mutual authentication protocol based on hash function. And It supports a mutual authentication and can protect against the replay attack, impersonation attack, location tracking attack, and denial of service attack in the related work. We besides provide a secure and efficient RFID mutual authentication protocol which resists impersonation attacks on all of the entities and alow a backend server to search tag-related information efficiently. We conclude with analyzing the safety and efficiency among latest works.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.481-487
• /
• 2020

Radiation measurement technology has steadily improved and its usage is expanding in various industries such as nuclear medicine, security search, satellite, nondestructive testing, environmental industries and the domain of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Especially, the simultaneous measurements of gamma rays and neutrons can be even more critical for nuclear safety management of spent nuclear fuel and monitoring of the nuclear material. A semiconductor detector comprising cadmium, zinc, and tellurium (CZT) enables to detect gamma-rays due to the significant atomic weight of the elements via immediate neutron and gamma-ray detection. Semiconductor sensors might be used for nuclear safety management by monitoring nuclear materials and spent nuclear fuel with high spatial resolution as well as providing real-time measurements. We aim to introduce a portable nuclide-analysis device that enables the simultaneous measurements of neutrons and gamma rays using a CZT sensor. The detector has a high density and wide energy band gap, and thus exhibits highly sensitive physical characteristics and characteristics are required for performing neutron and gamma-ray detection. Portable nuclide-analysis device is used on NPP-decommissioning sites or the purpose of nuclear nonproliferation, it will rapidly detect the nuclear material and provide radioactive-material information. Eventually, portable nuclide-analysis device can reduce measurement time and economic costs by providing a basis for rational decision making.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.148-163
• /
• 2021

Timely fault identification is important for safe and reliable operation of the electric valve system. Many research works have utilized different data-driven approach for fault diagnosis in complex systems. However, they do not consider specific characteristics of critical control components such as electric valves. This work presents an integrated shallow-deep fault diagnostic model, developed based on signals extracted from DN50 electric valve. First, the local optimal issue of particle swarm optimization algorithm is solved by optimizing the weight search capability, the particle speed, and position update strategy. Then, to develop a shallow diagnostic model, the modified particle swarm algorithm is combined with support vector machine to form a hybrid improved particle swarm-support vector machine (IPs-SVM). To decouple the influence of the background noise, the wavelet packet transform method is used to reconstruct the vibration signal. Thereafter, the IPs-SVM is used to classify phase imbalance and damaged valve faults, and the performance was evaluated against other models developed using the conventional SVM and particle swarm optimized SVM. Secondly, three different deep belief network (DBN) models are developed, using different acoustic signal structures: raw signal, wavelet transformed signal and time-series (sequential) signal. The models are developed to estimate internal leakage sizes in the electric valve. The predictive performance of the DBN and the evaluation results of the proposed IPs-SVM are also presented in this paper.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2022

Background: To analyze the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of 2 reconstruction methods after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: Three keywords, "gastric neoplasm," "distal gastrectomy," and "reconstruction," were used to search PubMed. We selected only randomized controlled trial that compared the anastomosis methods. A total of 11 papers and 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the R software. Results: Among short-term clinical outcomes, a shorter operation time, reduced morbidity, and shorter hospital stay were found for Billroth type I (B-I) than for Roux-en-Y (RNY) reconstruction in the meta-analysis (P<0.001, P=0.048, P<0.001, respectively). When comparing Billroth type II (B-II) to RNY, the operation time was shorter for B-II than for RNY (P<0.019), but there were no differences in morbidity or length of hospital stay (P=0.500, P=0.259, respectively).Regarding long-term clinical outcomes related to reflux, there were significantly fewer incidents of reflux esophagitis, reflux gastritis, and bile reflux (P=0.035, P<0.001, P=0.019, respectively) for RNY than for B-I in the meta-analysis, but there was no difference between the 2 methods in residual food (P=0.545). When comparing B-II to RNY, there were significantly fewer incidents of reflux gastritis (P<0.001) for RNY than for B-II, but the amount of residual food and patient weight gain showed no difference. Conclusion: B-I had the most favorable short-term outcomes, but RNY was more advantageous for long-term outcomes than for other methods. Surgeons should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of anastomosis and select the appropriate method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2023

PURPOSE: This study developed an experimental algorithm, which is similar or identical to semantic linking for KCF codes, even if it converted existing semantic code linking methods to morphological code extraction methods. The purpose of this study was to verify the applicability of the system. METHODS: An experimental algorithm was developed as a morphological extraction method using code-specific words in the KCF code descriptions. The algorithm was designed in five stages that extracted KCF code using natural language paragraphs. For verification, 80 clinical natural language experimental cases were defined. Data acquisition for the study was conducted with the deliberation and approval of the bioethics committee of the relevant institution. Each case was linked by experts and was extracted through the System. The linking accuracy index model was used to compare the KCF code linking by experts with those extracted from the system. RESULTS: The accuracy was checked using the linking accuracy index model for each case. The analysis was divided into five sections using the accuracy range. The section with less than 25% was compared; the first experimental accuracy was 61.24%. In the second, the accuracy was 42.50%. The accuracy was improved to 30.59% in the section by only a weight adjustment. The accuracy can be improved by adjusting several independent variables applied to the system. CONCLUSION: This paper suggested and verified a way to easily extract and utilize KCF codes even if they are not experts. KCF requires the system for utilization, and additional study will be needed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.175-191
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The scientific evidence of a sodium-obesity association is limited by sodium intake assessments. Our specific aim is to synthesize the association between dietary sodium intake and obesity across the sodium intake assessments as evidenced by systematic reviews in adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A systematic search identified systematic reviews comparing the association of dietary sodium intakes with obesity-related outcomes such as body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, and risk of (abdominal) obesity. We searched PubMed on October 24, 2022. To assess the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), we employed the ROBIS tool. RESULTS: This review included 3 systematic reviews, consisting of 39 unique observational studies (35 cross-sectional studies and 4 longitudinal studies) and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We found consistently positive associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity-related outcomes in cross-sectional studies. Studies that used 24-h urine collection indicated a greater BMI for those with higher sodium intake (mean difference = 2.27 kg/m²; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.51; P < 0.001; I² = 77%) compared to studies that used spot urine (mean difference = 1.34 kg/m²; 95% CI, 1.13-1.55; P < 0.001; I² = 95%) and dietary methods (mean difference = 0.85 kg/m²; 95% CI, 0.1-1.51; P < 0.05; I² = 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative synthesis of the systematic reviews has shown that cross-sectional associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity outcomes were substantially different across the sodium intake assessments. We need more high-quality prospective cohort studies and RCTs using 24-h urine collection to examine the causal effects of sodium intake on obesity.