• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.225-236
• /
• 2006

Seagrass meadows are considered as critical habitats for a wide variety of marine organisms in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. In many cases, studies on the spatial/temporal distribution of seagrass have depended on direct observations using SCUBA diving. As an alternative method fur studying seagrass distribution, an application of hydroacoustic technique has been assessed for mapping seagrass distribution in Dongdae Bay, on the south coast of Korea, in September 2005. Data were collected using high frequency transducer (420 kHz split-beam), which was installed with towed body system. The system was linked to DGPS to make goo-referenced data. Additionally, in situ seagrass distribution has been observed using underwater cameras and SCUBA diving at four stations in order to compare with acoustic data. Acoustic survey was conducted along 23 transects with 3-4 blot ship speed. Seagrass beds were vertically limited to depths less than 3.5m and seagrass height ranged between 55 and 90cm at the study sites. Dense seagmss beds were mainly found at the entrance of the bay and at a flat area around the center of the bay. Although the study area was a relatively small, the vertical and spatial distributions of the seagrass were highly variable with bathymetry and region. Considering dominant species, Zostera marina L., preliminary estimation of seagrass biomass with acoustic and direct sampling data was approximately $56.55g/m^2$, and total biomass of 104 tones (coefficient variation: 25.77%) was estimated at the study area. Hydroacoustic method provided valuable information to understand distribution pattern and to estimate seagrass biomass.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.562-569
• /
• 2004

연안에서 잘피 (Seagrass) 서식지의 분포와 광합성에 의한 후방산란 특성 관측을 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 해저면이니질로 구성된 잘피 서식지에서 수평입사각 및 방위각에 따른 음향신호를 획득하였으며, 120 kHa 정현파 음원을 이용하여 신호론 송수신 하였다. 잘피의 후방산란강도를 이용하여 수평입사각 및 방위각에 따른 잘피 서식지의 분포를 지도화 하였으며 서식지에 대한 후방산란강도 분포와 촬영을 이용한 실제 잘피의 서식지를 비교한 결과 비슷한 분포를 관측할 수 있었다. 또한 잘피의 광합성에 의해 생성되는 산소 공기방울의 음파산란을 분석하기 위해 주 야간별 잘피의 후방산란강도론 비교한 결과, 산소 공기방울의 음파산란 영향으로 인해 잘피 서식지의 분포관측에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.509-517
• /
• 2009

Seagrass meadows are important biogenic habitats for a wide variety of marine animals and plants, a source of organic carbon for commercially important animals, and act as a nutrient filter in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. As such, mapping the distribution of seagrass beds provides us with an important component of management and conservation strategies. To survey seagrass distribution within Deukryang Bay, we directly observed seagrass beds using SCUBA in Boseong-gun, Goheung-gun, and Jangheung-gun. Seagrass distribution in Geogeum and Gumdang islands were not observed. Specifically, we monitored the distribution area, species composition, morphology, density, and biomass of seagrass meadows. Seagarss beds were mapped for Daikum-ri coast, Deukryang island, Yongjeong-ri coast, Samsan-ri coast and Ongam-ri coast. Total seagrass coverage in Deukryang Bay was $5.1\;km^2$, $4.8\;km^2$ of which was Zostera marina, $0.3\;km^2$ Z. caulescence and $0.01\;km^2$ Z. japonica. Z. japonica was found in intertidal zones, Z. marina was found from the intertidal to subtidal zones of 2 m MSL (mean sea level) depth, and Z. caulescence was found in subtidal zones of 2.5-5 m MSL.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2008

Spatial distribution of water flow generated by tidal current was investigated within a Zostera marina(seagrass) bed in Wonpo Bay. Water flow and elevation were observed during the seagrass growing season. The spatial distribution of water flow was numerically estimated using roughness coefficient. Water flow inside the seagrass meadow was compared with the observed values. Velocity in Zostera marina vegetated areas was approximately $25{\sim}84%$ lower than that of unvegetated areas. However, flow direction was the same. Intensity of the flood tide diminished appreciably within the seagrass bed, while its pattern was also affected. It is therefore concluded that water flow is influenced by Zostera marina meadows.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.141-153
• /
• 2010

Seagrass epiphyte blooms potentially have important economic and ecological consequences in Tampa Bay, one of the Gulf of Mexico's largest estuaries. As part of a Tampa Bay pilot study to monitor the impact of environmental stresses, precise characterization of epiphyte diversity is required for efficient management of affected resources. Thus, epiphyte diversity may be used as a rational basis for assessment of ecosystem health. In May 2001, epiphytic species encompassing green, brown and red macroalgae were manually collected from dense and sparse seagrass beds of Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme. A total of 20 macroalgal epiphytes, 2 Chlorophyta, 2 Phaeophyta, and 16 Rhodophyta, were found on T. testudinum and S. filiforme seagrass at the four sampling sites (Bishop Harbor, Cockroach Bay, Feather Sound, and Mariposa Key). The Rhodophyta, represented by 16 species, dominated the numbers of species. Among them, the thin-crusted Hydrolithon farinosum was the most commonly found epiphyte on seagrass leaves. Species number, as well as species frequency of epiphytes, is higher at dense seagrass sites than sparse seagrass sites. Four attachment patterns of epiphytes can be classified according to cortex and rhizoid development: 1) creeping, 2) erect, 3) creeping & erect, and 4) erect & holding. The creeping type is characterized by an encrusting thallus without a rhizoid or holdfast base. Characteristics of the erect type include a filamentous thallus with or without a cortex, and a rhizoid or holdfast base. The creeping and erect type is characterized by a filamentous thallus with a cortex and rhizoid. A filamentous thallus with a cortex, holdfast base, and host holding branch is characteristics of the erect and holdfast attachment type. This study characterized each species found on the seagrass for epiphyte identification.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2019

Background: In the Philippines, the practice of planting mangroves over seagrass has been a practice done to promote coastline protection from damages done by storms. Despite the added protection to the coastline, the addition of an artificial ecosystem gradually inflicts damage to the ecosystem already established. In this study, seagrass communities that had no history of mangrove planting were compared with those that had mangrove planting. The percent substrate cover of seagrass in the sampling areas was determined, and the macroinvertebrates present in the sampling areas were also observed. The study was conducted based on reports of mangrove planting activity that disrupted seagrass functions on Santa Fe, Bantayan Island, Cebu. Transect-quadrat method sampling was done to assess the chosen sites. Results: Six species of seagrass was found on the site without mangrove planting which was barangay Ocoy (Cymodocea sp., Thalassia sp., Halodule sp., Enhalus sp., Halophila sp., and Syringodium sp.) and had a higher percent cover, while only four were found on the site with mangrove planting (barangay Marikaban). It was also found that barangay Marikaban had a lesser Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's index compared to barangay Ocoy. Jaccard's index of similarity between the two sites was low. Conclusion: With the results of the assessment, we recommend proper monitoring of future mangrove planting activities and that these activities should not disrupt another ecosystem as all ecosystems are important.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and distributional pattern of meiobenthos on the sediment of the mangrove forest and seagrass bed in the Chuuk lagoon. The samples were collected by an acryl corer at 14 stations. Nematodes were the most abundant meiobenthos, followed by ciliophorans and polychaetes; these taxa comprised more than 70% of the total abundance at all stations. The meiofuuna sampled in seagrass bed were more diverse than those of mangrove substrates. Total densities were higher in mangrove stations than other sites, averaging 1,671 to $2,967inds/10cm^2$. Densities in seagrass area ranged between 605 and $1,053inds/10cm^2$. Biomasses, however, were higher in seagrass bed $(975-2,167{\mu}g\;free\;dry\;weight/10cm^2)$ than in mangrove area $(1,064-1,180{\mu}g\;free\;dry\;weight/10cm^2)$. Ordination chart by MDS of major meiofaunal density in each station showed difference between mangrove area and seagrass area in terms of habitat of meiobenthos.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 해초지(seagrass bed)와 그 주변 퇴적물에 서식하는 중형저서동물의 군집 특성을 비교하고자 1999년 2월부터 7월까지 매월 남해안 돌산도 율림의 Zostera marina로 구성된 해초지에서 조사를 실시하였고, 1999년 5월에 서해안 백령도 두무진의 Zostera caespitosa 해초지와 어청도 내항의 Zostera marina 해초지를 중심으로 조사를 실시하였다. 모든 조사지역에서 해초지와 해초의 서식이 없는 비해초지(Non-seagrass bed)로 구분하여 채집하였다. 총 13개의 중형 저서동물 분류군이 출현하였고, 모든 정점에서 선충류가 가장 우점하였으며, 그 다음의 주요 우점 동물군은 저서유공충류, 환형동물류 그리고 저서성 요각류로 나타났다. 서식밀도는 6월에 돌산도 율림의 해초지 정점에서 7,244 개체/10 cm2 로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 5월에 백령도의 비해초지 정점에서 438개체/10$\textrm{cm}^2$로 가장 낮은 밀도를 보였다. 중형저서동 물의 퇴적물내 수직분포는 해초지 정점과 비해초지 정점 모두, 표층 2cm이내에서 가장 높은 서식밀도를 나타냈으며. 그 이하에서는 급격한 감소를 보였다. 전체 중형저서동물 크기별 분포는 해초지 정점과 비해초지 정점 모두, 0.125 mm-0.25 mm 크기의 개체가 가장 많았다. 퇴적불의 입도는 S(sand)에서 sM(sandy mud)까지 나타나며 , 평균 입도 조성은 해초지가 비해초지에 비해 더 세립한 경향을 나타냈다. 각 시기별 정점별로 총 개체 서식밀도, 정점별 출현분류군 수 그리고 주요 우점종의 해초지 선호성 등의 항목을 대상으로 ANOVA 검정을 실시한 결과, 해초지는 비해초지와 유의한 차이를 나타내(P<0.05), 해초지가 중형저서동물의 서식지로 중요한 의미를 갖고 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.351-361
• /
• 2010

Among common estuarine submerged plants, seagrasses are the most extensively studied due to their ecological importance in estuarine ecosystems. Seagrass meadows are important biological habitats for a wide variety of marine animals and plants. They are a source of organic carbon for commercially important animals. Furthermore, seagrasses act as nutrient filters in estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. As such, mapping the distribution of seagrass beds is important for management and conservation strategies. In order to survey the seagrass distribution within the Seomjin Estuary, We directly observed seagrass beds in Kwangyang and Hadong using SCUBA. The distribution area, species composition, morphology, density, biomass and productivity of seagrass meadows were examined. Seagrass meadows were distributed in the intertidal and subtidal zones of the Galsa tidal flats, and in the subtidal zone of the neighboring POSCO area. Patches of Zostera japonica was found at patches at the Galsa tidal flats intermediate point. The total estimated seagrass distribution area of the Seomjin Estuary was $1.84\;km^2$. Of the total, $1.83\;km^2$ was Zostera marina (eelgrass) and $0.01\;km^2$ was Zostera japonica (dwarf eelgrass). Zostera japonica was found in intertidal zones. Zostera marina was found from the intertidal to subtidal zones at a 2 m mean sea level (MSL) depth. The leaf productivity of Zostera marina was $4.47g\;DW\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$. The annual production of eelgrass was $1,632\;g\;DW\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, which corresponds to $731g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$. The total production of eelgrass was $3,002\;tons\;DW\;yr^{-1}$, which corresponds to $1,343\;tons\;C\;yr^{-1}$.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.186-196
• /
• 2004

Since seagrasses are highly productive and provide a source of organic carbon for a wide variety of marine organisms in coastal and estuarine ecosystem, accurate assessment of seagrass production is critical to understand the functions and values of seagrasses in these ecosystems. Zieman's leaf marking technique has been mostly used to estimate seagrass leaf production rates. However, inherent problems on the traditional leaf marking technique have been discussed by the several researchers, and these problems can cause underestimation of seagrass production. To develop an accurate and reliable assessing method for seagrass production, production rates of eelgrass, Zostera marina in three bay systems on the south coast of the Korean peninsula were estimated using the conventional leaf marking technique and the plastochrone method. The plastochrone method has been recently suggested as an effective method for reliable assessments of seagrass production. In the present study, leaf production rates estimated by the plastochrone method were significantly higher than the rates derived from the traditional leaf marking technique. Annual eelgrass leaf production assessed using the leaf marking technique was about 65 to 89% of the estimated production using the plastochrone method. The differences in annual productions between assessment techniques imply that the conventional leaf marking technique significantly underestimated eelgrass leaf production. Total eelgrass productions estimated using the plastochrone method in the present study sites were about 600 to 806 g DW $m^{-2} y^{-l}$, and below-ground production accounted for about 20 to 23% of the total production. The plastochrone method was suggested to be an effective and accurate assessing method for eelgrass production.