• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 1994

Hyphal growth, auxiliary cell development and hyphal healing process of Gigaspora margarita, Scutellospora heterogama and S. verrucosa were investigated. The germinated hyphae from spores grew on the surface and the bottom of agar media. The hyphal growth on the surface stopped 19 to 23 days and the growth on the bottom 40 to 51 days after spore germination. Auxiliary cells began to develop 7 to 9 days after the spore germination in the media. The auxiliary cells almost always developed on the tip of a hypha branched from a secondary hypha. The cytoplasmic streaming rates in the hyphae of G. margarita and S. heterogama were $2.7\;to\;3.3\;{\mu}m/s\;and\;3.8\;to\;4.3\;{\mu}m/s$, respectively. The hyphae artificially cut were healed by connecting with a hypha grown from the spore-side hypha. We may suggest that the wound healing process of hyphae should be one of the characteristics obtained from symbiotic relationship between host plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for a long period of time.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 1990

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from the soils of three different plant communities (Cassia mimsoides var. nomame, Themeda triandra var. japonica, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens). Eight azygospores or chlamydospores of VA-mycorrhizal fungi were identified (eight species of four genera), and six among them newly described in Korea (six species of two genera); Glomus aggregatum, Gl. ambisporum, Gl. geosporum, Gl. mosseae, Scutellospora coralloidea, Sc. heterogama.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.466-475
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• 1997

I examined arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungus inoculation effects on the seedling growth of Korean ash tree(Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance), which distributes in fertile mesic soils, under a seven-day watering cycle of water stress and compost-added fertile conditions. Three Korea-native AM fungi were inoculated : an unidentified Glomus species, Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall and Scutellospora heterogama(Nicol. & Gerd) Walker & Sanders from disturbed forest soils. The effect of AM fungus inoculation on the seedling varied depending upon fungal species and soil conditions. AM formation was 27 to 65% by the Glomus without forming spores, 47 to 74% with about 10 spores per 20g soil by G. margarita and about 65% with 35 spores by S. heterogama. The soil conditions did not affect either AM or spore formation. The Glomus inoculation increased shoot N and P concentrations, but did not affect seedling growth. G. margarita increased shoot N and P, irrespective of soil conditions, in general, but S. heterogama increased N under water stress and Pin the control soil only. These two fungi significantly increased seedling growth in both control and water stress soils. Compost addition increased the growth of non-mycorrhizal seedlings and offset AM fungus inoculation effects. The relative field mycorrhizal dependency(RFMD) of the seedlings was significant only in control and water stress soils by over 40% in G. margarita or S. heterogama AM plants. Under water stress RFMD was the most evident in S. heterogama AM plants. I conclude that some AM fungi such as G, margarita and S. heterogama can broaden the niche of Korean ash seedlings to a water stress or nutrient poor site but less likely to more fertile sites.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

In this study, soil samples were collected from cultivated fields of 1-5 year old Korean ginseng in Geumsan, Korea. Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were extracted from soils and identified using morphological characteristics and 18s rDNA sequences of the spores. Total 10 species of AMF were identified: Acaulospora longula, Archaeospora trappei, Glomus caledonium, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus sp., Paraglomus occultum, Paraglomus brasilianum, and Scutellospora heterogama. Relative abundance of spores of A. trappei were increased with increase of cultivation period of the ginseng. However, relative abundance of other species of AMF and Shannon diversity (H') of AMF were significantly decreased with the increase of cultivation periods of the ginseng.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2017

We investigated the effects on various crops of inoculation with species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils from different sources and selected AMF species suitable for domestic environment-friendly farming. Effects on plants varied with the AMF species used. In carrot, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora longula, and Funneliformis mosseae had a positive effect on growth of the host, whereas AMF had only weak effects on the growth of red pepper and leek. AMF inoculation had positive effects on the growth of carrot and sorghum. The results of this study indicate the nature of the relationship between soil, plants, and AMF; this study therefore has important implications for the future use of AMF in environment-friendly agriculture.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2002

The genomic DNAs were extracted from roots of Glycine max and Sorghum bicolor, and compared with those from spores of two arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi, Glomus mosseae and Scutellospora heterogama. The partial small subunit(SSU) of ribosomal RNA genes were synthesized and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with the fungal specific primers, AM1 and NS31. By the recent molecular techniques, the presence of another AM fungal DNA were confirmed in the roots of two plants, and three sequences of rDNA fragments amplified were identified to be close to those of G. caledonium, G. fasiculatum and G. proliferum. The two AM fungi, both, were found to colonize at the cortical layers of plant roots collected in the fields, together.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 2014

In this study, we examined arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community structure colonizing field-cultivated ginseng roots according of different ages, such as 1- to 5-year-old plant, collected from Geumsan-gun, Korea. A total of seven AMF species namely, Funnelliformis caledonium, F. moseae, Gigaspora margarita, Paraglomus laccatum, P. occultum, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Scutellospora heterogama were identified from the roots using cloning, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the large subunit region in rDNA. AMF species diversity in the ginseng roots decreased with the increase in root age because of the decreased species evenness. In addition, the community structures of AMF in the roots became more uniform. These results suggest that the age of ginseng affects mycorrhizal colonization and its community structure.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 1992

The association of soil environments and sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizae was investigated using pot cultures. Increased arbuscular mycorrhizal spores as well as the better growth of the host plants were observed when sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was treated with different soil conditions using several fertilizers with different concentrations. For to five fold increase of sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizae was noticed depending on the mycorrhizal species. Although there were some differences between the four arbuscular mycorrhizae species and the conditions of soil environments, maximum populations of spores were reached at about 30-40 days after cultivation. The populations of four arbuscular mycorrhizal species was individually fluctuated. Also, the growth rate of host plants were different from the fertilizers over 2-3 times, but the increase of spores were not influenced by it.