• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.1061-1065
• /
• 2001

The antibacterial effects of water extracts of Scutellariate Radix (a dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI) and its major flavonoid components, Baicalin and Baicalein, on Salmonella typhimurium, a representative enteric pathogen, were studied. Through a Kriby-Bauer disc analysis, the growth-inhibition activity of Scutellariae Radix against. S. typhimurium was found to be compatible with commercial antibiotics, such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. In contrast, the growth of a nonpathogenic E. coli strain was unaffercted by Scutellariae Radix. To examine the effect of polyphosphate kinase (ppk), a putative virulence factor, on the antibacterial activity of Scutellariae Radix, the growth profile of a ppk mutant of S. typhimurium was investigated in a tryptic soy broth containing different concentrations of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix. The ppk mutant was able to grow in 6 mg/ml of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix, whereas in 6 mg/ml of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix, whereas the wild-type could not, implying that the inactivation of ppk made S. typhimurium more resistant to the antibacterial activity of Scutellariae Radix. No enhanced resistance was observed in a ppk mutant of S. typhimurium complemented with a ppk expression vector. The attenuation of the virulence by ppk inactivation was also observed in a virulence assay using BLAB/c mice. Neither Baicalin nor Baicalein exhibited any growth-inhibition activity against S. typhimurium. The water extracts of Scutellariae Radix stimulated the transcription of ppk, especially in the early growth-stage of S. typhimurium.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 황금추출물인 baicalein의 피부알레르기 예방 효과를 알아본 연구로서 baicalein을 투여할 농도에 따라 0 mg/kg(대조군), 50 mg/kg(저용량군), 100 mg/kg(고용량군) 3개의 그룹으로 나누고, ear swelling을 측정하는 1군과 IgE 농도와 histamine 농도의 측정 및 조직병리학적 관찰을 위한 2군으로 나눠 실험을 하였다. Baicalein을 8일에 걸쳐 8회 경구투여를 실시한 후 접촉성 피부알레르기 유발 물질인 PCL을 귀에 감작시켜 알레르기를 유발시키고, 1군에서 ear swelling 변화를 확인하고 2군에서는 1군의 ear swelling의 결과에서 귀의 두께가 최고치를 이루는 시간대에 부검을 실시하여 적출한 조직으로는 HE염색과 TB염색을 실시하여 병변의 유무와 비만세포를 확인하였다. 채취한 혈청으로는 IgE 농도와 histamine 농도를 측정하였다. Ear swelling의 경우 0 mg/kg 농도의 baicalein을 투여한 대조군에 비해 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg 농도의 baicalein을 투여한 저용량군과 고용량군 그룹의 귀의 두께 증가폭이 낮게 나타났고, 저용량군보다 고용량군에서 그 증가폭이 낮게 나타났다. IgE 농도와 histamine 농도 측정결과에서도 0 mg/kg 농도의 baicalein을 투여한 대조군에 비해 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg 농도의 baicalein을 투여한 저용량군과 고용량군에서 낮은 수치가 나왔다. 조직병리학적 검사결과에서는 육안적으로 모든 그룹의 간과 신장에서는 별다른 병변은 관찰되지 않았고, HE염색을 한 귀 조직에서는 대조군에서 고용량군에 비해 귀의 두께가 두껍게 관찰되었고, TB염색을 한 귀 조직에서는 대조군에 비해 고용량군에서 적은 수의 비만세포들이 관찰되었다. 즉, ear swelling, IgE 농도, histamine 농도 및 조직병리학적 결과를 종합해봤을 때 황금추출물인 baicalein이 접촉성 피부알레르기 예방효과가 있다고 판단되어지고, 향후 baicalein은 항알레르기 치료제로 사용되는 생약제의 주요 성분으로 유용할 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Scutellariae Radix (Hwanggeum in Korean) is the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Scutellariae Radix is well known to be used as a medicine for common cold, upper respiratory infections, and to strengthen and regulate the immune system and anemia etc. Little is understood about the roles of Scutellariae Radix in the cytokine and chemokine secretion by immune cells. This study was designed to find out the effects of Scutellariae Radix on the cytokine and chemokine secretion in human mast cells (HMC-1). Methods : We treated hwanggeum according to consistency on HMC-1 and measured cytokines and chemokines levels using flow cytometry CBA system. Results : In hwanggeum treated group, the expression of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interferon ${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) were decreased significantly. Conclusion : These results suggest that hwanggeum may support some of immune diseases by means of amiliorating some chemokines or cytokines such as IP-10, MCP-1, MIG, IL-8, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-${\gamma}$.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2020

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemia effect of Scutellariae Radix, Aucklandiae Radix and Bupleuri Radix(SAB). Methods : FL83B cells were mouse liver hepatocytes, and we used this cell line. FL83B cells were treated with 0.5 mM oleic acid(OA) for 24 h, SAB extract was treated. After OA treatment, intracellular triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid contents were measured with AdiopoRed™ assay and Free Fatty Acid Quantitation assay kit, respectively. Further, we evaluated several lipogenesis and metabolic markers such as sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and cluster of differentiation (CD36) using RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis. Results : OA markedly increased intracellular TG and free fatty acid, which plays a key role in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, in FL83B cells. These increases were alleviated by SAB extract. The mRNA and protein expression of Fatty acid(FA) oxidation factors (CPT-1, PPARα), lipolysis factor(HSL), FA transporter(CD36), cholesterol synthesis factors (HMGCoA) and Lipodenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC-1) were significantly increased by treatment of SAB extract in the OA-induced fatty liver cell model. Conclusions : In summary, the treat of SAB extract showed a significant reduction of the influx of fatty acids into hepatocytes, promoted the oxidation of fatty acids, and regulated fat synthesis-related factors, thereby regulating the accumulation of TG and free fatty acids.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.138-141
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study aims to describe the utilization of herbal formulas from Wenrejingwei by using network analysis and understand the treatment of acute exogenous febrile diseases. Methods: We constructed a matrix of high-frequency herbal combinations (HCs) from Wenrejingwei and Shang Han Lun and cluster networks based on cohesive analysis. Network analysis was performed to compare the results. Results: The results of the high-frequency HC network in Wenrejingwei showed cohesive patterns in three categories corresponding to dampness-heat and warm-fever treatment. Compared to the Shang Han Lun network, the Wenrejingwei network indicated a careful approach in the use of pungent and warm herbs such as Guizhitang. Moreover, the combination of Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis along with the use of herbs strengthening yin, such as Ginseng Radix and Liriopes Radix, provide evidence of a holistic approach in the treatment of exogenous febrile diseases by considering the balance of the human body damaged by heat. Conclusion: The results of this study could help select appropriate herbal formulas and treatment methods for treating Onbyeong and modern acute febrile infectious diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2013

Objectives : This study aims at examining the immuno-modulating activity in the fermentative extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellariae Radix) on the production of inflammatory mediator in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Method : Measurements were done for the influences on the cell viability, generation of hydrogen peroxide in cells and nitric oxide (NO) generation using the macrophage of mouse with the specimen SBS as the fermentative extract of Scutellariae Radix (SBS) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV89. Result : As a result of carrying out MTT assay to check the cellular toxicity of the fermentative extract of Scutellariae Radix, any excessive toxicity to the macrophage did not occur from treatments by concentration for SBS. SBS increased the generation of hydrogen peroxide in the macrophage. SBS suppressed the NO generated in macrophages and SBS concentration higher than $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly suppressed the increased NO generated in LPS-stimulated macrophages. SBS concentration higher than $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly suppressed the generation of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and MCP-1 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Conclusion : Our findings indicate that SBS has an immuno-modulating activity in macrophage activation through suppressing the generation of inflammatory substances, NO, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and MCP-1.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2012

Objectives : In this research, the genotoxic effect of $Scutellariae$ $Radix$(SR), the dried roots of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ Georgi has been traditionally used as antipyretic agent, was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. Methods : SR aqueous extract(yield = 27.2%) was administered once a day for 2 continuous days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide(CPA) 70 mg/kg was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control. The appearance of a micronucleus(MN) in polychromatic erythrocyte(PCE) is used as an index for genotoxic potential, and PCE ratio is used as an index of cytotoxicity. Results and Conclusions : Although significant(p<0.01) increase of the number of PCE with one or more nuclei(MNPCE) was detected in CPA treated groups, no significant increases of MNPCE numbers were observed in all three different dosages of SR extracts treated mice with over 0.33 of the individual polychromatic erythrocyte ratio in all mice used in this study. The results obtained indicated that SR extract shows no genotoxicity effects up to 2,000 mg/kg dosing levels - the limit dosage in rodents.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.334-341
• /
• 2015

HAE series (HAE 01 - 06), are the mixtures of medicinal plants; Lonicerae Folium et Caulis (Lonicera japonica), Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis), Adenophorae Radix (Adenophora triphylla var. japonica), Polygonati Oddorati Rhizoma (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum), Platycodi Radix (Platycodon grandiflorum), Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber (Liriope platyphylla). HAE 06 showed the significant antitussive effect in HAE series. HAE 04, 05, and 06 increased the effect of expectorant measured by secretion of phenol red in rats. All tested HAE series were observed to have the anti-oxidant activity determined by the scavenging activity. HAE 01, 03 and 06 were significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) increased by LPS. HAE 06 was selected based on the results and done further experiments. HAE 06 inhibited the number of coughing induced by citric acid in dose dependent manner. HAE 06 effectively increased the effect of expectorant. HAE 06 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. In addition, HAE 06 significantly suppressed inducible Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Especially HAE 06 has the highest effect in alleviating the respiratory symptoms. Moreover, the enhancement antioxidant activity and reduction inflammation partly were attributed to it. HAE 06 may become the promising candidate for the treatment of respiratory symptom in the future.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.489-497
• /
• 2009

In this study, we evaluated and compared the protective effects of two major constituents, baicalein and baicalin, against oxidative DNA and cell damages caused by hydroxyl radical. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assays and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. ${\varphi}X$ 174 RFI plasmid DNA and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect against oxidative DNA damage. Also, MTT and lipid peroxidation assays were used to evaluate their protective effects against oxidative cell damage. Both baicalein and baicalin prevented intracellular DNA and cells from oxidative damage caused by hydroxyl radical via antioxidant activities. Baicalein demonstrated a stronger antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH radicals and chelating $Fe^{2+}$ while baicalin scavenged hydroxyl radicals more efficiently. The differences in the level of baicalein and baicalin pose a different pathological pathway for each. The antioxidant activity of baicalin was due to its ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical whilst baicalein was a stronger $Fe^{2+}$ chelator. Further investigation to compare the molecular mechanisms of antitumor activities of baicalein and baicalin is vital to anticancer research.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was is to investigate the arthritis treatment and prevention of the effects the herbral administration to experimental animals induces arthritis 4 weeks for medicinal herbs (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Acanthopanacis cortex, Achyranthis Radix). To investigate the prevention of histopathological examination and molecular biological examinations for arthritis improvement in vivo New Zealand, white rabbits were divided into a normal (Normal, n = 7), or a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA, n = 7), or a collagenase injection and medicinal herbs (SAA, n = 7). It was confirmed that induced arthritis was treated with Gross examination, and the measurement of average arthritis index (MAI) and improved arthritis by medicinal herbs. TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ were significantly increased in the CIA and SAA groups, compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). MMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly increased in the CIA, compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). MMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly decreased in the SAA group, compared to the CIA group (p < 0.05). As a result, Herbal administration used in this study might be able to help in the treatment of arthritis induced by inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, that which can be expected.