• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1999

The purposesof the study are to analyze the community nursing center in U.S.A and to develop the model of nursing care system based on nurse-midwifery clinic in community for women's health in Korea. 1. In America nursing center is defined as nurse-anchored system of primary care delivery or neighborhood health center. Nursing centers are identified the following four types: (1) community outreach centers, which are similar to traditional public health clinics: (2) institutional-based centers following the mission of a large institution, such as a hospital or university: (3) wellness/health promotion centers, which offer screening, education, counseling, triage, and health maintenance services: and (4) independent practice. Nursing centers are a concept of services provided by nurses in practice arrangements in a community. Nursing centers offer a variety of services, ranging from primary care provided by advanced practice nurses with medical acute management and nursing care to the more traditional education, health promotion, screening wellness and coordination services. Some services, such as the care provided by advanced practice nurses are reimbursed under various insurance plan in some instances and states, where as others, such as preventive and educational services, are not. Thus, lack of reimbursement has threatened the survival of some centers. Licensing of nursing centers varies by state and program and accreditation of nursing centers is also limited. 52% of centers are affiliated with another facility and 48% are freestanding centers. The number of registered nurse at the nursing centers ranges from just one to 115, with a mean of eight RNs peragency and a median of three. Nursing centers avail ability varies: 14% are open 24 hours, 27% have variable short hours, 23% are open 6-7 days per week, and 36% are open Monday- Friday. As the result of my visiting three health centers in Seattle and San Francisco, the women's primary care nurse practitioners focus on a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the health status of women and diagnosis and management of common physical and psychosocial health concerns of women in ambulatory settings. Therapeutic nursing strategies are directed toward self-care, risk reoduction, health surveillance, stress reduction, healthy nutrition, social support, healthy coping, psychological well-being, and pharmacological therapy. They function as primary care providers for the well ness and illness care of women from adolescence through the older adult years and pregnant families. 2. In Korea a nurse-midwife practices independently for pregnant women's health including childbearing family at her own clinic in community. Her services are reimbursed under national health insurance but they are not paid on a fee-for-service schedule covering items. Analyzing the nursing centers in America, I suggest that nurse-midwifery clinics offer primary care for women and home care for chronic ill patients. The health law and health insurance policy should be reovised in order to expand nurse-midwife's and home care nurse's roles at nurse-midwifery clinic.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.186-199
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• 1998

Necessity for the guidebook of occupational health nursing practice has been perceived by our OH research members since the health management of small scale enterprises(SSE) was controlled by law. Mean-while, developing the OH manual, our team found that the work situation of occupational health nursing(OHN) services should be prior to the construction of the OHN manual. This procedure was regarded as helpful for producing the OH manual which is fitting to the Korean nursing circumstances. Thus, this study was planned and carried out. The study aimed to find out current situation of work performance on occupational health nursing practice perceived by nurses working for health management of SSE. Questionnaire was distributed to the OH nurses working in the 55 group occupational health service(GOHS) agencies throughout the Korea from January to March in 1997. Ninety-seven nurses of the 31 GOHS agencies responded. Descriptive statistics was used in the SAS programme. Four nurses participated to select nursing area investigated in the study. Those area were 'document', 'job orientation', 'OH reference', 'nursing theory', 'group health education', 'health examination', 'work dilemma', 'approach attitude', 'workplace visit', 'health promotion' and 'communication'. Results can be summarized as follow : Types of document were mentioned diversely depending on the GOHS agencies. Job orientation was seen to be performed by nurses in 56% among the 75.3% nurses responded. Sixty five percents of nurses agreed to apply nursing theories into the OH with lack of knowledge on them. Health screening and health education were responded as commonly provided nursing activities with various nursing obstacles as well as indicated in the area of 'work dilemma', 'approach attitude', 'workplace visit', 'health promotion'.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop child's health assessment tools and tailored home visiting nursing service model in a community. Methods: Based on the literature review and several types of workshops participated with the child health nursing professors and visiting nurses in public health centers from May to December 2009, the standards of child health assessment tools, service model and education materials for visiting nurses were developed. Results: Some record forms were newly developed, including neonatal assessment, breast feeding, mother-infant interaction, oral care, vaccination and safety, and appropriate developmental screening tests in the community were selected. For systematic health care management in the community, problem list, problem criteria, health care plan, outcome criteria were also developed. Conclusion: On the demand of growing need for health promotion and early intervention for children and their association with parenting and socioeconomic status, assessment and control measures are indispensable to the promotion of child health for vulnerable population. Children's health and developmental problems, and safe circumstances can be assessed using this assessment tools, and can be used for tailored home visiting nursing care for children.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the level of health literacy and to investigate the relationship between the health literacy and preventive health care use in middle-aged adults in Korea. Methods: A total of 315 adults aged 40 to 64 years living in Seoul participated in the study. Data were collected from December 15-24, 2010 from outpatient hospitals, clinics, workplaces and other locations in the community. Health literacy was measured using the Functional Health Literacy and Self-rated Health Literacy Questionnaires. Preventive health service use was defined as receiving screening (general health checkups, gastric and colorectal cancer, mammogram, and pap smear) and influenza vaccination. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were used. Results: The mean of functional health literacy was 3.87 (score range 0-6) and the self-rated health literacy was 60.08 (score range 16-80). The most difficult items of the self-rated questionnaires were patient educational materials provided by health care providers and medical forms. The most difficult items of functional health literacy were information-based, including nutritional facts and clinical schedules. Association between health literacy and preventive health service use was not found. Conclusions: Further study is necessary with larger samples and with considerations for their education level, age, and preventive health care use.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.486-498
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify transition conditions, health behavior and indicators of healthy transitions among middle-aged women based on Schumacher & Meleis(1994) transition model for developing intervention program for their health promotion. A convenience sample of 221 women aged 40-60 was obtained in Jung-Gu, Seoul and they were asked to complete the questionnaires, which consisted of modified health-promoting lifestyle profile(HPLP), knowledge of menopause, physical well-being, emotional well-being, modified women's role integration protocol (WRIP), Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), and indicators of healthy transition with subcategories such as subjective well-being, role mastery and well-being of interrelationship. The results were as follows: 1. Women had a mean age of 47.53 years. More than half(53.39%) of the women had jobs and 88.69 % had their spouses, Of 221 women, 51.13 % were premenopausal, 19.91% were perimenopausal, and 28.96% were postmenopausal. 2. Women scored lower on health responsibility and exercise than on self actualization, nutrition and interpersonal support among subcategories of health behavior measured the modified HPLP. Only 11.98% of respondents had breast-self examination and 42.66% had pap smear for screening cancer. 3. In transition conditions, women had poor knowledge about menopause and median level of physical well-being, emotional well-being and stress. 15.45% of the women had clinical depression. 4. As for the outcome index of the transition model, the mean of indicators of healthy transition was 3.69(possible range 1-5). 5. The levels of education and economic and the menstrual status were significantly related to physical well-being, depression and stress in the categories of transition conditions. The total score of health behavior correlated negatively with depression. The total score of indicators of healthy transition correlated with physical well-being, emotional well-being, stress, and depression in the categories of transition conditions. In conclusion, these findings suggested a profile of fragile middle-aged women and contributed to developing the community-based intervention program for health promotion.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the correlation of calcified carotid atheromatous plaque (CCAP), the mandibular cortical index, and periodontal bone loss in panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-five panoramic radiographs with CCAP and 234 without this finding were evaluated by 3 observers for the presence of osseous changes related to osteoporosis and periodontal bone loss. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the two groups for an association of CCAP with the mandibular cortical index and periodontal bone loss, respectively. Results: There was a statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and osseous changes related to osteopenia/osteoporosis, with a p-value <0.001. There was no statistically significant coincidence of CCAP and periodontal bone loss. When comparing the 2 groups, "With CCAP" and "Without CCAP", there was a statistically significant association with the mean body mass index (BMI), number of remaining teeth, positive history of diabetes mellitus, and vascular accidents. There was no statistically significant association with gender or a history of smoking. Conclusion: This study identified a possible concurrence of CCAP and mandibular cortical changes secondary to osteopenia/osteoporosis in panoramic radiographs. This could demonstrate the important role of dental professionals in screening for these systemic conditions, leading to timely and appropriate referrals resulting in early interventions and thus improving overall health.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1744-1749
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• 2010

The role of endophytic fungi in plant growth and development is well documented. However, endophytic fungi with growth promotion capacity have never been isolated from weeds previously. In the current study, we isolated 8 fungal endophytes from the roots of Monochoria vaginalis, a serious weed of rice paddy in Korea. These isolates were screened on Waito-C, in order to identify plant growth promoting metabolites. Two fungal isolates (M5.A & M1.5) significantly promoted the plant height and shoot length of Waito-C during preliminary screening experiments. The culture filtrates (CFs) of M5.A and M1.5 also promoted the shoot length of Echinocloa crusgalli. Gibberellins (GAs) analysis of the CFs of M5.A and M1.5 showed that these endophytic fungi secrete higher quantities of GAs as compared with wild-type G. fujikuroi KCCM12329. The CF of M5.A contained bioactive GAs ($GA_3$, 2.8 ng/ml; $GA_4$, 2.6 ng/ml, and $GA_7$, 6.68 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive $GA_9$ (1.61 ng/ml) and $GA_{24}$ (0.18 ng/ml). The CF of M1.5 contained physiologically active GAs ($GA_3$, 1.64 ng/ml; $GA_4$, 1.37 ng/ml and $GA_7$, 6.29 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive $GA_9$ (3.44 ng/ml), $GA_{12}$ (0.3 ng/ml), and $GA_{24}$ (0.59 ng/ml). M5.A and M1.5 were identified as new strains of Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp., respectively, based on their 18S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2005

Background/Aims The liver funtion tests(LFTs), such as aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine amino-transferase(ALT), r -glutamyl transferase( r -GT), have been widely used for screening tests but their low positive predictive value can cause many false positive results. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of these tests, we analyzed serial LFT results of single factory workers and compared the risk factor's in groups divided by the serial LFT results. Methods From June 2001 to October 2001, 1223 consecutive healthy workers in a single factory were enrolled and questionnaire, LFT and liver ultrasonography were performed. Previous LFT results were collected from Annual Health Examination Survey. According to the abnormalities in serial LFT, participants were classified into three groups (abnormal-in-both, alternating normal-in-both) and the risk factors were compared among these groups using multiple logistic regression Results The prevalence of LFT abnormality in a single test was 16.8% but, in serial LFT, only 5% of participants showed consistent abnormality. The risk factors for abnormal-in-both group, compared with alternating group, were liver ultrasonography abnormality such as fatty liver(odds ratio, 2.2; p=0.026) and heavy alcohol intake (more than 210g/week) (odds ratio, 7.2;P=0.064). HBsAg was not significant risk factor for any of the three groups. ConclusionIn factory workers with serial LFT abnormality, alcoholic liver disease could be the principal cause of abnormal LFT. Even if HBsAg were positive in patients with abnormal LFT, there is a possibility of another causes for LFT abnormalities such as alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic steatosis or steatohepatitis

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.725-733
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• 2004

It was well received that well grounded behavioral theories were important in the development of effective nutrition education programs, but there are only a few programs available for Korean women. The objective of this study was to develop nutrition education programs for childbearing-aged women in Korea. Based on the findings of the needs assessment for the program and theoretical backgrounds, we developed behaviorally oriented tailored nutrition education program including motivation (MT), modifying (MD) and maintenance (MA) stages. The key concepts of the stages were motivation promotion for MT, increasing behavioral capabilities for MD, and strengthening self-management and building favorable environmental condition for MA. The education program was intended to be need in individual nutrition counseling, but it could be well used for group education by developing materials using the relevant contents. The primary users of the program were nutrition educators, however it could be also used by clients as needed. The introductory chapter provided dietary assessment tools and nutrition education tips. MT chapter included subjects such as nutritional status screening, costs of inappropriate nutrition and weight management, benefits of eating right, and activities for motivation promotion. MD stage chapter dealt with topics of healthy weight, knowledges and skills for better eating habits and physical activity status, and activities related to setting tailored behavioral objectives. MA stage focused on facilitating self management skills and building helping relationships. Each stage underlined activities using various educational tools in order to promote active participation of the client (s). For better use of this program, it was recommended to conduct program validation study.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle strength exercise on physical function and quality of life in the frail elderly. Methods: Subjects were 401 frail elderly people selected by the screening tool developed by Japan department of Health, Labor and welfare. The program was carried out for twice a week for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed with paired t-test and t-test using STATA program. Results: 1) Muscle strength exercise for the frail elderly showed statistically significant effects on improving grip strength, single leg stand, TUG(Time up to go) and quality of life. 2) The grip strength and single leg stand indicators showed statistically significant effects between the over 75 years old and the under 75 years old. However, TUG and quality of life indicators didn't show statistically significant effects between the over 75 years old and the under 75 years old. Conclusions: The muscle strength exercise for the frail elderly people was very effective on improving grip strength, single leg stand, TUG and quality of life and especially, it was more effective in the over 75 years old than in the under 75 years old.