• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 1997

This study was conducted to establish an ideal condition for obtaining maximum extraction efficiencies using an array of soil types and under a wide variety of conditions. Nine characteristic compounds were studied: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and n-butylbenzene which were found in gasoline. Increasing the moisture content resulted in decreased recovery, and recovery of hydrocarbons from wet soils was significantly lower than from dry soils. For the batch extraction process, 4 hours of extraction time was sufficient to give optimum recovery of the contaminants. With methanol as an extraction solvent, maximum recovery time appeared to be reached quicker for BTEX components than with 2-propanol. The 2 to 1 ratio of solvent/soil was chosen as a compromise to provide for the indicated minimum solvent use and high extraction efficiency. The 0.4 mg/g soil contamination was adequate to show quantitative recovery. The percent recovery of BTEX was concentration dependent more than the semivolatile compounds. Methanol and 2-propanol consistently gave higher efficiency than water. Methanol was superior to 2-propanol in removing contaminants from silty clay loam soil. Using the most efficient extraction procedure, the average recovery of the light hydrocarbons from the three soils was 66 percent. Recoveries were also dependent on soil type, solvent type, extraction time, solvent amount, contaminant concentration, and compounds volatility. This study provided a useful screening technique for procedures that can be used to remediate soils contaminated with light hydrocarbons.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 1981

Using the milled, blast infected leaves (BIL) as an inoculum source on the screening for the resistance to blast of rice plant was a simple and useful technique. The temperature with high (25^\circ C\sim 35^\circ C) and low (15^\circ C\sim 28^\circ C) and the water stressed or not, was conditioned of to the inoculation with the BIL to the test varieties in seedling stage. In low temperature, most of the varieties were more infected with blast, however the Indica-Japonica hybrids were more infected in high temperature conditions. The water stressed was more infected with blast than the not stressed. The interaction of variety with water stress was not so much as that of variety with temperature. Resistant reaction to blast (BIL) was not affected by the temperature and water stress, but the moderately resistant or susceptible one was much affected by them. Inoculum of BIL was virulent to the newly bred Indica-Japonica hybrid cultivars such as Tongil, Nopung, etc, but not virulent to the Japonica cultivars such as Nongbaek, Jinheung, etc. The discrete, mixed or variable lesions were observed mainly in the moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars such as Kanto 51, Yashiromochi, Ishikari-shiroke, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.251-257
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• 2008

These days Taekkeon of Shin Han-Seong is newly rased as traditional martial which made up in the academic world. The reason why is that create new shaped Traditional Taekkeon which stipulate good points of systematize Martial Arts to register Song Duck-Ki Taekkyeon eleven figures's a piece of skills to cultural assets. This research show how Shin Han-Seong make up Taekkyeon to register to intangible cultural assets, and found next conclusion and meaning. First, skill organization of Song Duk-Ki Taekkeon that is only one modern Taekkeon's initiator have been transmitted for a piece of skills of playing figure which don't have regular system. But Taekkyeon which have regular system have been developed by Shin Han-Seong, finally Taekkyeon is approved to intangible cultural assets. Second, Shin Han-Seong modernized Taekkyeon by borrowing training system of Judo, Fencing, Hapgido, Taekwondo, Karate. But people criticize that Song Duk-Ki Taekkeon is not initiate with original thing. Third, Shin Han-Seong made the grade classification and practical technique screening, Bon-Dae Buigi Twelve part like Pomse of Taekwondo (there is no for traditional Taekkyeon). And he contributed to popularization and modernized learning system by pursuiting sportization. Through this research geared up Taekkyeon's original shape and generational outline about skill transition or composition. And it gave important data for understand about Taekkyeon controversy which scattered.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

Purpose: There is uncertainty if the vergence facility would provide clinically significant supplementary information to the fusional vergence measurements. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between vergence facility and fusional vergence in a group of symptomatic subjects. Methods: A total of 114 symptomatic subjects aged 9 to 13 years, who passed the vision screening test, participated in this study. Vergence facility was measured with 8$\Delta$ BI/8$\Delta$ BO flipper lenses and a suppression control target, the 20/30 letter line on Vectogram 9 (Bernell, USA). Near fusional vergence was measured with a single 20/30 vertical line target by Von Graefe technique. In order to avoid excessive convergence stimulation, negative fusional vergence (NFV) range (blur, break and recovery) was measured followed by positive fusional vergence (PFV) ranges (blur, break and recovery). Results: Pearson correlations were calculated and showed no correlations between vergence facility and any of fusional vergence measurements (p>0.05). Also, there were no significant differences of vergence facility measurements on the compensating vergence that passed or failed Sheard and Morgan's criterion for comfortable vision (p>0.05). Conclusions: There was no correlation between vergence facility and fusional vergence among symptomatic subjects. Hence, both vergence facility and fusional vergence should be assessed for those with binocular dysfunction in order to make an accurate diagnosis and management plan.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.391-402
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• 2021

Earthworms play an important role in soil fertilization, interacting continually with microorganisms. This study aims to demonstrate the existence of beneficial microorganisms living in the earthworm's immune system, the coelomic fluid. To achieve this goal, a molecular identification technique was performed, using cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcoding to identify abundant endogenic earthworms inhabiting the temperate zone of Rabat, Morocco. Then, 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing techniques were adopted for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Biochemical analysis, showed the ability of bacteria to produce characteristic enzymes and utilize substrates. Qualitative screening of plant growth-promoting traits, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and indole acetic acid (IAA) production, was also performed. The result of mitochondrial COI barcoding allowed the identification of the earthworm species Aporrectodea molleri. Phenotypic and genotypic studies of the sixteen isolated bacteria and the two isolated fungi showed that they belong to the Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Buttiauxella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, and Raoultella, and the Penicillium genera, respectively. Most of the isolated bacteria in the coelomic fluid showed the ability to produce β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, Glutamyl-β-naphthylamidase, and aminopeptidase enzymes, utilizing substrates like aliphatic thiol, sorbitol, and fatty acid ester. Furthermore, three bacteria were able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and potassium, and produce IAA. This initial study demonstrated that despite the immune property of earthworms' coelomic fluid, it harbors beneficial microorganisms. Thus, the presence of resistant microorganisms in the earthworm's immune system highlights a possible selection process at the coelomic fluid level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.713-720
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to propose a new measurement method for accurate measurement of vessel diameter in computed tomography angiography(CTA). CTA test was performed after non-ionic iodine contrast agent was flowed at a constant rate to self-maded perfusion phantom. After obtaining raw data, images were reconstructed with multi-planar reconstruction(MPR) and maximal intensity projection(MIP). Diameters of vascular models were measured for each technique. Relative and conventional measurements were then compared. The mean diameter of the vascular model was closer to the actual measurement when relative measurement was used compared to that when conventional measurement was used both in MPR and MIP. Relative measurements of MPR and MIP were closer to actual measurement than those of conventional measurement (34% VS, 24%, p<0.05). The relative measurement method proposed in this study was closer to the actual measurement than the conventional measurement method. However, both test methods were still larger than actual results. Therefore, further study of relative measurement method is needed using this study as basic data.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 2021

This study aims not only to access the visual thought-oriented approach that has been implemented in established art therapy and education but also to integrate language education and therapeutic approach to support the development of school-age children. Thus, text mining technique was applied to search for areas where different areas of language and art can be integrated. This research was conducted in accordance with the procedure of basic research, preliminary DB construction, text screening, DB pre-processing and confirmation, stop-words removing, text mining analysis and the deduction about the convergent areas. These results demonstrated that this study draws convergence areas related to regional, communication, and learning functions, areas related to problem solving and sensory organs, areas related to art and intelligence, areas related to information and communication, areas related to home and disability, topics, conceptualization, peer-related areas, integration, reorganization, attitudes. In conclusion, this study is meaningful in that it established a framework for designing an activity-centered convergence program of art and language in the future and attempted a holistic approach to support child development.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1101-1107
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• 2022

The leaf temperature is principally regulated by the opening and closing of stomata that is sensitive to various kinds of plant physiological stress. Thus, the analysis of thermal imagery, one of remote sensing technique, will be useful to detect crop physiological condition on smart farm system and phenomics platform. However, there are few case studies using a thermal imaging camera on the agricultural application. In this study, three cases are presented: the effect of lime fertilizer on the rice, the different physiological properties of soybean under shading condition, and the screening of soybean breeds for salinity tolerance characteristic. The leaf temperature measured by thermal imaging camera on the three cases was used effectively to the physiological change and characteristics. However, the thermal imagery analysis requires considering the accuracy of measured temperature and the weather conditions that affects to the leaf temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2023

It is very important to predict the amount of settlement in order to maintain the function of the coastal structure. Finite element analysis methods and real and model experiments are used as methods for this, but this has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of cost and time. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of a simple formula proposal that can easily predict the amount of settlement of the caisson-type quay wall structure. In the research process, after calculating the PSI (Power Spectrum Intensity) of the velocity, the amount of settlement of the structure is calculated by substituting it into the simple formula of the existing gravity breakwater. By comparing and analyzing the amount of settlement of the structure obtained through numerical analysis, it was confirmed that the error between the amount of settlement of the existing simple formula and the amount of settlement of the numerical analysis was large, and it was confirmed that the background could not be considered in the case of the existing simple formula. Therefore, this study proposed a correction factor for the background of the quay wall structure, indicating a simple formula that can obtain the amount of settlement of the caisson-type quay wall structure. Compared to the numerical analysis settlement amount, it was judged that this simple formula had sufficient precision in calculating the caisson-type quay wall settlement amount. In addition, facilities vulnerable to earthquake resistance can be easily extracted in situations where time and cost are insufficient, and it is expected to be used as a screening technique.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2023

This study aimed to verify the validity of the evaluation items and weight determination of the indoor environmental safety area, which has the most frequent accidents, among the safety certification evaluations of educational facilities by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, which has been conducted since May 2021. As a preceding study, the evaluation items of the school safety evaluation checklist being implemented in the US state of Vermont were compared, and the causes of accidents judged by teachers in the accident experiences written by 200 Korean teachers were compared with the safety certification evaluation items belonged to the Ministry of Education. In addition, research literature using the AHP analysis technique on safety risks of elementary and secondary schools in China and safety evaluation index study cases of 539 elementary school children in Indonesia were analyzed. Through these preceding studies, measures to add and adjust evaluation items were derived and the validity and importance rankings of evaluation items were calculated through AHP questionnaires to teachers and safety experts. In addition, a survey was conducted on 104 ordinary people to verify the results of expert analysis. As a result of expert AHP analysis, 'safety education and disaster response training (.396)' was the highest priority for the relative importance of the first layer, followed by 'safety measures (.387)' and 'building materials'. Safety (.216)' was found to be the highest priority. In the overall importance ranking of the 13 second-tier screening items, safety accident prevention education had the highest priority and disaster preparedness training ranked second, proving that the Ministry of Education's review weight was underestimated. In addition, slip and collision accident countermeasures, which were not in the existing Ministry of Education review items, ranked 4th, laboratory practice room safety measures ranked 6th, and sanitation, cleanliness, hazardous substance management, and cafeteria/cooking room safety measures ranked 9th, indicating a significant level of importance. Referring to the importance ranking, which is the result of this study, it is suggested that it is necessary to review the weight of each review item again.