• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.6857-6862
• /
• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. All ages are susceptible and more than 90% of the patients can be cured with early diagnosis. Breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography can be useful for this aim. In this study we examined the components of the Champion health belief model to identify if they could predict the intentions of women to perform such screening. Materials and Methods: A total of 380 women aged 30 and above who had referred to health-care centers were assessed for use of breast cancer screening over the past year with a modified health belief model questionnaire. Logistic regression was applied to identify leading independent predictors. Results: In this study 27% of the women performed BSE in the last year but only 6.8% of them used mammography as a way of screening. There were significant differences regarding all components of the model except for perceived severity between women that underwent BSE. over the past year and those that did not. Findings were similar for mammography. Regression analysis revealed that intentions to perform BSE were predicted by perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers to BSE while intentions to perform mammography were predicted by perceived barriers. Conclusions: This study indicated that self-efficacy can support performance of BSE while perceived barriers are important for not performing both BSE and mammography. Thus we must educate women to increase their self-efficacy and decrease their perceived barriers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.921-927
• /
• 2008

Discovery of $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors has been actively pursued with the aim to develop therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and the other carbohydrate mediated diseases. As a method for the discovery of new novel inhibitors of $\alpha$-glucosidase, we have addressed the performance of the computer-aided drug design protocol involving the homology modeling of $\alpha$-glucosidase and the structure-based virtual screening with the two docking tools: FlexX and the automated and improved AutoDock implementing the effects of ligand solvation in the scoring function. The homology modeling of $\alpha$-glucosidase from baker’s yeast provides a high-quality 3-D structure enabling the structure-based inhibitor design. Of the two docking programs under consideration, AutoDock is found to be more accurate than FlexX in terms of scoring putative ligands to the extent of 5-fold enhancement of hit rate in database screening when 1% of database coverage is used as a cutoff. A detailed binding mode analysis of the known inhibitors shows that they can be stabilized in the active site of $\alpha$- glucosidase through the simultaneous establishment of the multiple hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of the automated AutoDock program with the improved scoring function as a docking tool for virtual screening of new $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors as well as for binding mode analysis to elucidate the activities of known inhibitors.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2017

For product or process design and development, it is common to optimize multiple responses (characteristics) based on experimental data. To determine optimal conditions, we need to design the experiment, estimate a proper model for each response, and optimize the multiple responses simultaneously. There are several techniques and many research results on optimizing multiple responses simultaneously, when the experimental data are available. However, the experimental design issue for optimizing multiple responses has not been discussed yet. This paper proposes some idea on how to plan screening design when requirements for multiple performance characteristics are to be met in developing new products. A screening design procedure is developed for securing the requirements of multiple responses. Initial design factors are classified into three categories; specific, non-conflicting common, and conflicting common. After screening experiments, follow-up design region search method is suggested with respect to the most unsatisfied or important response, or overall desirability. A case study on a synthesis of melamine formaldehyde resin is presented to illustrate the procedure and to show the validity of the approach.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.107-115
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to systematically review the dual-task evaluation applied to the screening of mild cognitive impairment. It also aims to present various evaluation items and results analysis methods for dual tasks applied to patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of published studies in PubMed databases and KISS from January 2000 to August 2020 using the main keywords such as "Dual task," "Mild Cognitive impairment," "Elderly," and "Screening." We selected a total of 10 studies for the analysis from 1314 searched articles. Results: We analyzed the qualitative level of 10 studies that were nonrandomized two-group studies with evidence level II (100.0%). These results suggest that the evidence level of the studies was high. We analyzed 10 studies and identified 12 motor tasks and 19 cognitive tasks. Walking was the most commonly used evaluation motor task and counting backward by ones and naming animals were the most commonly used evaluation cognitive tasks. Moreover, the velocity speed was the most used result analysis method. The results indicate that there were significant differences in dual-task performance between patients with normal and mild cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a basis for the selection of dual-task evaluation items and methods of analyzing the results for screening mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, they are expected to be used for research on the development of dual-task evaluation tools. It is necessary to compare and analyze the usage trends of dual-task evaluation by cultural differences in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.23 no.12
• /
• pp.1241-1250
• /
• 2022

Objective: To conduct a simulation study to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI)-aided mammography reading can reduce unnecessary recalls while maintaining cancer detection ability in women recalled after mammography screening. Materials and Methods: A retrospective reader study was performed by screening mammographies of 793 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 50 ± 9 years) recalled to obtain supplemental mammographic views regarding screening mammography-detected abnormalities between January 2016 and December 2019 at two screening centers. Initial screening mammography examinations were interpreted by three dedicated breast radiologists sequentially, case by case, with and without AI aid, in a single session. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and recall rate for breast cancer diagnosis were obtained and compared between the two reading modes. Results: Fifty-four mammograms with cancer (35 invasive cancers and 19 ductal carcinomas in situ) and 739 mammograms with benign or negative findings were included. The reader-averaged AUC improved after AI aid, from 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.85) to 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.94) (p < 0.001). The reader-averaged specificities before and after AI aid were 41.9% (95% CI, 39.3%-44.5%) and 53.9% (95% CI, 50.9%-56.9%), respectively (p < 0.001). The reader-averaged sensitivity was not statistically different between AI-unaided and AI-aided readings: 89.5% (95% CI, 83.1%-95.9%) vs. 92.6% (95% CI, 86.2%-99.0%) (p = 0.053), although the sensitivities of the least experienced radiologists before and after AI aid were 79.6% (43 of 54 [95% CI, 66.5%-89.4%]) and 90.7% (49 of 54 [95% CI, 79.7%-96.9%]), respectively (p = 0.031). With AI aid, the reader-averaged recall rate decreased by from 60.4% (95% CI, 57.8%-62.9%) to 49.5% (95% CI, 46.5%-52.4%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: AI-aided reading reduced the number of recalls and improved the diagnostic performance in our simulation using women initially recalled for supplemental mammographic views after mammography screening.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.727-732
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate design factors relating to sound reduction performance in dry wall system. The main contents of this study are as follows. 1) Analysis and pre-evaluation of sound reduction performance of drywall system ; The sound reduction performance was pre-evaluated by INSUL simulation and these results of analyzing walls were analyzed by screening DOE(design of experiment) for selecting major factors that dominant influence the sound reduction performance. These main factors relating to sound reduction performance can be used for development of 1st grade sound reduction performance drywall system. 2) Design and evaluation of 1st grade sound reduction performance drywall system; The evaluation test of the sound reduction performance gave vaues higher than 1st grade (Rw+C=64). When campared with existing dry wall system, respectivelly, the new system shows performance higher than 8 dB.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 1998

Characteristics of Superior Children as a Screening Test of Gifted students The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of Korean version of checklist for behavioral characteristics of superior children as a screening test for gifted students. Total 397 children were tested KEDI-WISC (Korean version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children), and their parents or primary caretakers took the checklists for behavioral characteristics of superior children individually. Total subjects were divided into 3 groups based on their Full IQ score of KEDI-WICS. The children of IQ 130 and over was gifted group, and those of IQ 115-130 was superior group, and those of below IQ 115 was average group. The analyses of behavioral checklist scores among the groups, gender, grades differences and item analysis of behavioral checklist were done for the purpose of discrimination among 3 groups. As a result, it was found that the Korean version of checklist for behavioral characteristics of superior children was very useful as a screening test for gifted correlations between checklist scores and verbal, performance and full IQ scores were significantly high, which means that IQ and checklist scores were very related. Twenty out of 50 items were found to be discrimination items between gifted and superior group. However, there was no significant difference between grades and gender on the checklist score.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1696-1701
• /
• 2010

The ${\alpha}$-amylases activity was improved by random mutagenesis and screening. A region comprising residues from the position 34-281 was randomly mutated in B. licheniformis ${\alpha}$-amylase (AmyL), and the library with mutations ranging from low, medium, and high frequencies was generated. The library was screened using an effective liquid-phase screening method to isolate mutants with an altered pH profile. The sequencing of improved variants indicated 2-5 amino acid changes. Among them, mutant TP8H5 showed an altered pH profile as compared with that of wild type. The sequencing of variant TP8H5 indicated 2 amino acid changes, Ile157Ser and Trp193Arg, which were located in the solvent accessible flexible loop region in domain B.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.187-200
• /
• 2011

We present the design and implementation of a novel anti-malware system called SplitScreen. SplitScreen performs an additional screening step prior to the signature matching phase found in existing approaches. The screening step filters out most non-infected files (90%) and also identifiesmalware signatures that are not of interest (99%). The screening step significantly improves end-to-end performance because safe files are quickly identified and are not processed further, and malware files can subsequently be scanned using only the signatures that are necessary. Our approach naturally leads to a network-based anti-malware solution in which clients only receive signatures they needed, not every malware signature ever created as with current approaches. We have implemented SplitScreen as an extension to ClamAV, the most popular open source anti-malware software. For the current number of signatures, our implementation is $2{\times}$ faster and requires $2{\times}$ less memory than the original ClamAV. These gaps widen as the number of signatures grows.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.701-714
• /
• 2020

Quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) assays are used to assess toxicity for many chemicals in a short period by collectively analyzing them at several concentrations. Data are routinely analyzed using nonlinear regression models; however, we propose a new method to analyze qHTS data using a nonlinear mixed effects model. qHTS data are generated by repeating the same experiment several times for each chemical; therefor, they can be viewed as if they are repeated measures data and hence analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effects model which accounts for both intra- and inter-individual variabilities. Furthermore, we apply a one-step approach incorporating robust estimation methods to estimate fixed effect parameters and the variance-covariance structure since outliers or influential observations are not uncommon in qHTS data. The toxicity of chemicals from a qHTS assay is classified based on the significance of a parameter related to the efficacy of the chemicals using the proposed method. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of power and false discovery rate using simulation studies comparing with one existing method. The proposed method is illustrated using a dataset obtained from the National Toxicology Program.