• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10157-10164
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the State of Qatar. Due to low participation in breast cancer screening (BCS) activities, women in Qatar are often diagnosed with breast cancer at advanced stages of the disease. Findings indicate that low participation rates in BCS activities are significantly related to women's low level of awareness of breast cancer screening. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the factors that influence Qatari women's awareness of breast cancer and its screening activities: and (2) to find ways to effectively promote breast cancer screening activities among Arabic speaking women in Qatar. Materials and Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional quantitative survey of 1,063 (87.5% response rate) female Qatari citizens and non-Qatari Arabic-speaking residents, 35 years of age or older, was conducted in Qatar from March 2011 to July 2011. Outcome measures included participant awareness levels of the most recent national recommended guidelines of BCS, participation rates in BCS activities, and factors related to awareness of BCS activities. Results: While most participants (90.7%) were aware of breast cancer, less than half had awareness of BCS practices (28.9% were aware of breast self-examination and 41.8% of clinical breast exams, while 26.4% knew that mammography was recommended by national screening guidelines. Only 7.6% had knowledge of all three BCS activities). Regarding BCS practice, less than one-third practiced BCS appropriately (13.9% of participants performed breast self-examination (BSE) monthly, 31.3% had a clinical breast exam (CBE) once a year or once every two years, and 26.9% of women 40 years of age or older had a mammogram once every year or two years). Awareness of BCS was significantly related to BCS practice, education level, and receipt of information about breast cancer and/or BCS from a variety of sources, particularly doctors and the media. Conclusions: The low levels of participation rates in BCS among Arab women in this study indicate a strong need to increase awareness of the importance of breast cancer screening in Qatari women. Without this awareness, compliance with the most recent breast cancer screening recommendations in Qatar will remain low. An increased effort to implement mass media and public health campaigns regarding the impact of breast cancer on women's health and the benefits of early detection of breast cancer must be coupled with an enhanced participation of health care providers in delivering this message to Qatar population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5985-5987
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• 2012

A cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing staff of a missionary hospital of Delhi in June 2009. All the nurses were invited to participate in the training programme on breast cancer and techniques of breast self examination (BSE). A questionnaire was administered to all 259 participants seeking information on their level of awareness regarding breast cancer and relevant screening guidelines. With the help of 5 training workshops all the nurses were imparted training regarding the most appropriate technique of doing breast self exams. The mean age of the participants was 35.8 years. Out of a total of 259 nursing staff members 77.2% correctly answered all the 10 questions regarding high risk factors for breast cancer and after the training programme this increased to 100% (p<0.05). Only 65.2% of the participants gave correct responses to all the 8 questions regarding correct technique of performing a BSE, which after the training programme increased to 99.3% (p<0.05). At the baseline only 56.8% knew all the three screening methods correctly and after the intervention 98.7% could correctly mark the responses regarding screening (p<0.05). The actual practice of following the screening guidelines amongst the nursing staff was poor. Only 26 (10.03%) had ever done a BSE, none performed it monthly, 58 (22.4%) had ever gone themselves for a CBE and 18 (6. 94%) had ever undergone mammography.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2021

Background: Korea National Health Checkup Programs are aimed at the prevention and early detection of cardiovascular disease in adults. To establish a countermeasure for this tendency, The current Korea National Health Checkup Programs have been providing Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) since 2009, thereby focusing on individual lifestyle correction. However, from 2018, the dyslipidemia screening exam cycle has been changed from 2 to 4 years. Methods: In this study, we try to investigate whether policy decisions are valid based on domestic reports that have influenced policy decisions. First, considering the epidemiology of the domestic cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, the change of the 4-year cycle is appropriate or not. Second, whether the research method that applies came to make policy decisions appropriate or not. Third, our study also investigates whether the direction of policy decision was suitable for the second comprehensive national examination plan. Results: The data that are used in the previous study were that of 10 years ago and there also was a problem in selecting the data, especially the use of one of the research methods to calculate the signal to noise ratio that was aimed at improving health had some problems. This is a research method that does not match with the aim itself. Conclusion: Changing the screening cycle for dyslipidemia does not match the recent trend of general screening to effectively prevent cardiovascular disease in improving individual lifestyles in the national health checkup plan. Studying the relationship with metabolic syndrome, which can be an intermediate stage of cardiovascular disease, could be a policy direction that is more suitable for the national health examination comprehensive plan.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2018

Background and Purpose: Although the clock drawing test (CDT) is a widely used cognitive screening instrument, there have been inconsistent findings regarding its utility with various scoring systems in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. The present study aimed to identify whether patients with MCI or dementia exhibited impairment on the CDT using three different scoring systems, and to determine which scoring system is more useful for detecting MCI and mild dementia. Methods: Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI), mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild vascular dementia (VaD), and cognitively normal older adults (CN) were included. All participants were administered the CDT, the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. The CDT was scored using the 3-, 5-, and 15-point scoring systems. Results: On all three scoring systems, all patient groups demonstrated significantly lower scores than the CN. However, while there were no significant differences among patients with aMCI, VaMCI, and AD, those with VaD exhibited the lowest scores. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves revealed that the three CDT scoring systems were comparable with the K-MMSE in differentiating aMCI, VaMCI, and VaD from CN. In differentiating AD from CN, however, the CDT using the 15-point scoring system demonstrated the most comparable discriminability with K-MMSE. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the CDT is a useful cognitive screening tool that is comparable with the Mini-Mental State Examination, and that simple CDT scoring systems are sufficient for differentiating patients with MCI and mild dementia from CN.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2009

전산화 단층촬영은 폐질환의 정밀진단 방법으로 사용이 증가되고 있다. 통상적으로 시행되는 CT촬영은 조기 진단을 위한 선별검사로써는 높은 방사선 노출과 고비용, 조영제 사용으로 인한 부작용 등으로 적당하지 않다. 영상의학분야에서 방사선을 이용한 CT촬영은 진단 능력이 우수한 반면 피폭선량 또한 매우 높아 선량 감축을 위한 노력이 절실하다. 그동안 많은 연구들에서 무증상기의 폐암 및 폐질환을 조기 발견하기 위한 선별검사로써 저선량 CT의 유용성에 대해 이루어져 왔고, 의미있는 결과를 보고하였다. 선량 감소에 많은 인자가 관여하고 있지만 조사선량(mAs)의 감소가 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 이미 보고 된 많은 연구에서 저선량 CT는 폐질환을 조기 발견하기 위한 선별검사로써 임상에서 사용하기에 유용하지만, 일부 연구에서 조기 폐암을 예측할 수 있는 작은 결절을 발견하는데 낮은 민감도와 특이도를 보였고, 실제 생존율 증가에는 기여하지 못한 보고도 있었다. 따라서, 지금까지의 저선량 CT에 대한 연구결과를 토대로 다양한 위험에 노출된 집단을 대상으로 선량을 감소시키기 위한 연구가 계속적으로 이루어진다면, 향후 저선량 CT촬영은 폐암을 비롯한 폐질환의 조기진단 방법으로써 통상적으로 사용되고 있는 표준 CT촬영을 충분히 대체할 수 있을 것으로 전망한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.563-576
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify basic data for more efficient operation of comprehensive health check-up centers in the national health care system. The researcher reviewed and analyzed the main symptoms of the subjects according to sex, age, occupation and positive rate in the screening tests of a comprehensive health check-up, performed at one comprehensive health check-up center in located in a hospital. The subjects were 512 persons who had a check-up at the comprehensive health check-up, center in K university hospital in Seoul from October 2, 1996 to March 30, 1997. A questionaire developed by the researcher to obtain subject's general characteristics, main symptoms, medical examination, diagnosed disease was used as the tool for the study. The researcher analyzed the data with SPSS PC/sup +/ program. : the distribution of the subject's general characteristics and main symptoms was described with percentages and the difference between main symptoms and screening tests analyzed with X²-test, t-test, ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows : 1. For the distribution of diagnosis in males. liver disease was most frequent and hypertension was second : in females, hypertention and liver disease were not common in that order. 2. The most common complaints were indigestion in the digestive system, sputum in the respiratory system, irregular heart beat in the cardiovascular system, frequent urine in the urinary system vertigo in the hematologic system. 3. The main symptoms according to sex were for females, a statistically siguificant higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, hematologic system, musculoskeletal, mental & nervous system as compared to males. 4. The main symptoms according to age were that in the the second decade there wara higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, and cardiovascular system than in the older age groups : and in the fifth decade more in the musculoskeletal system. 5. The main symptoms according to occupation were that formers and fishers had a higher rate of complaints in the mental and nervous system as compared to other occupation groups : and office workers, in gynecology. 6. The main symptoms according to diagnosis, were symptoms of the digestive system, frequent in liver disease : symptoms of the cardiovascular system in allergic disease. 7. The screening tests which showed the highest rates were UGI /FGS, PFT : In males a higher rate of abnormality was seen in abdominal ultrasono- graphy and in, females, in mammography. 8. In screening tests according to sex, males showed a higher positive rate for chest X-rays, and LFT, and females, in mammography, pap smear, CBC. 9. In screening tests according to age, higher positive rates of obesity, high blood pressure, chest X-ray, mammography, pap smear, FBS, CBC, urine test were seen in the fifth decade : PFT and abdominal ultrasonography in the third decade. The subjects who wanted comprehensive health check-up were not asymptomatic but had an illness with several symptoms. It is found that the most frequent diagnosed diseases were hypertention and liver disease. So proper observations must be done for them. Comprehensive health check-ups should be changed to a comprehensive examination including treatment beyond examination for those subjects with positive results.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2001

Objective : To estimate the prevalence of congenital heart disease from the 1990 student heart disease screening program. Methods : The heart disease screening program for elementary students was conducted in Kyonggi-do, in 1998. The subjects of the present study comprised the 40,402 students who attended the schools in the catchment area of a collaborative university hospital and who participated in the primary examination. The congenital heart disease (CHD) patients were initially identified through a questionnaire about prior medical history, and further through diagnostic tests & medical examinations in the secondary & the tertiary examinations. Certain assumptions were used in the estimation of the number of CHD cases among non-participants of the secondary & tertiary examinations. The overall prevalence of CHD was estimated by adding the CHD detection rates of the participants and the estimated prevalence of the non-participants. Results : Among the 40,402 primary participants, 1,655 were referred further, of whom 79.1% (1,309) participated in the secondary examination. Of these, 121 were referred to the tertiary examination, with a participation rate at this last stage of 80.2%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the screening tools was the highest when the results of both EKG and the questionnaire were positive. Because 85.9% of the detected cases had a past history of CHD, PPV was higher when the selection criteria in the questionnaire included past CHD history than when it didnt. The CHD defection rate among the participants was 1.76 cases/1,000 and the presumed number of cases among the non-participants was 31; giving an estimated final CHD prevalence of 2.52 cases/1,000 (95% CI : 2.06-3.06). Among the identified cases of CHD, VSD (52.8%) was the most common, followed by PDA (9.7%), TOF (9.7%) & PS (9.7%). Conclusion : Because the characteristics of the non-participants differed from those of the participants, the estimation of prevalence was influenced by the participation rate. Of the detected cases, 85.9% had a past history of diagnosis or operation for CMD. These findings suggested that the prevalence estimated in this study may be an underestimation of the actual condition. Therefore, a birth cohort study is required in order to more accurately estimate the prevalence and the effects of the program.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.543-550
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• 1995

이 연구는 대구시 소재 일개 검진기관에서 1992년도에 일반건강진단을 받은 근로자를 대상으로 하여 사무직 근로자와 생산직 근로자간의 차이가 선별검사 결과에서 있는지를 알기 위해 시행되었다. 대상자는 남자 6,597명과 여자 3,610명으로 총 10.2명이 선택되었다. 남녀별로 나누어 각 선별검사 항목별로 단일분석을 시행한 후 유의한 변수를 골라 지수 회귀분석을 이용하여 사무직종에 대한 생산직을 비교하였다. 청력검사 항목은 남녀 모두에서 사무직보다 생산직에서 이상률이 더 컸다. 혈구용적치와 고혈압 항목은 조정변수를 교정한 후에도 남녀모두 직종간의 차이가 없었다. 간기능과 요단백 항목은 남자에서 사무직의 이상률이 생산직보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 시력항목은 여자에서만 직종간의 차이를 보였으며 사무직에서 시력교정의 필요성이 더 켰다. 이상의 결과는 사무직종과 생산직종간에 일반건강진단의 검사 결과에서 차이가 있으며 원인규명을 위한 연구가 필요함을 보여준다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8163-8171
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the second most cause of death (1.38 million, 10.9% of all cancer) worldwide after lung cancer. In present study, we assess the knowledge, level of awareness of risk factors and screening practices especially breast self examination (BSE) among women, considering the non-feasibility of diagnostic tools such as mammography for breast screening techniques of breast cancer in the holy city Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional population based survey was conducted. The investigation tool adopted was self administrated questionnaire format. Data were analysed using SPSS 20 version and Chi square test to determine significant association between various education groups with awareness and knowledge, analysis of variance was applied in order to establish significance. Results: The attitude of participants in this study, among 560 women 500 (89%) responded (age group 18-65 years), 53.8% were married. The knowledge about BSE was very low (16%) and out of them 15.6% were practised BSE only once in life time. study shown that prominent age at which women achieve their parity was 20 yrs, among 500 participants 224 women have achieved their parity from age 18 to 30 yrs. Very well known awareness about risk factors of breast cancer were alcohol (64.6%), smoking (64%) and least known awareness risk factors were early menarche (17.2%) and use of red meat (23%). The recovery factors of breast cancer cases were doctors support (95%) and family support (94.5%) as most familiar responses of the holy city Varanasi. Conclusions: The study revealed that the awareness about risk factors and practised of BSE among women in Varanasi is extremely low in comparison with other cities and countries as well (Delhi, Mumbai, Himachal Pradesh, Turkey and Nigeria). However, doctors and health workers may promote the early diagnosis of breast cancer.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.832-843
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to describe women's embarrassability and embarrassment during cervical screening. Method: The subjects of this study were 82 women who had a cervical screening at a National University Hospital. The data were collected through personal interview using a questionnaire from February 4, 2001 to February 22, 2002. The questionnaire consisted of embarrassability scale, embarrassment Scale, and demographic data. Result: 1) The mean scores of situational embarrassability was 82.6 and that of dispositional embarrassability was 106.7. 2) The mean scores of subject's embarrassment was 54.3 and 48.7 in 10 stages of cervical screening. The following three situations of 10 stages of cervical screening were highly ranked as to be embarrassing: 'during the examination', 'waiting for a doctor', and 'climbing up the exam chair and positioning her thigh for a exam'. 3) There was a positive correlation between dispositional embarrassability and embarrassment of 10 stages of cervical screening. 4) There were significant differences in situational embarrassability of subjects according to education and the locations of service. There were significant differences in dispositional embarrassability of subjects with regard to frequencies of pregnancy. 5) There were significant differences in embarrassment of subjects during cervical screening with respect to age, age at the time of first smear and gender of the examiner. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicates that women experienced a high level of embarrassment during cervical screening, assuming a need for nursing intervention reduces women's embarrassment. Also, there is a positive correlation between embarrassability and embarrassment of cervical screening, suggesting a need for further research identifying the effect of nursing intervention on embarrassment according to embarrassability.