• Title/Summary/Keyword: Scour

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A Riverbed Change Prediction by River-Crossing Structure -Focused on the Major River Reaches of the Multifunctional Administrative City- (하천 횡단구조물에 의한 하상변동 예측 - 행정중심복합도시 주요 하천구간을 중심으로 -)

  • Yeon, Kyu-Sung;Jeong, Sang-Man;Yun, Chan-Young;Lee, Joo-Heon;Shin, Kwang-Seob
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 2009
  • This study has been conducted for the long-term riverbed change prediction on Geum River and Miho Stream surrounding the planned Multifunctional Administrative City and the neighboring regions by the construction of a small dam. Based on the analysis of vertical riverbed changes of the cross-sectional data for the years 1988, 2002 and 2007, minimum bed elevation significantly decreased in both Geum River and Miho Stream in 2007 as compared to 1988. Compared to 2002, however, a slight elevation change was observed. To make a long-term prediction on riverbed changes by the construction of a small dam, a one dimensional HEC-RAS 4.0 model has been used. By the fixed bed model test, the water levels were calibrated. By using the cross-sectional data of 1988 and 2002, verification was conducted under a movable bed model. According to the prediction of riverbed changes for each scenario with varying height of small dam, minor impact is expected around Miho Stream while major impact is expected around Geum River by 2017, as the small dam height increases. If the small dam is 7m-high, for example, it's been simulated that 1.59m deposition would be expected around the upper stream of Miho Stream Confluence while 1.98m scour would be expected around the downstream of the small dam.

Prediction of Beach Profile Change Using Machine Learning Technique (머신러닝을 이용한 해빈단면 변화 예측)

  • Shim, Kyu Tae;Cho, Byung Sun;Kim, Kyu Han
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.639-650
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    • 2022
  • In areas where large-scale sediment transport occurs, it is important to apply appropriate countermeasure method because the phenomenon tends to accelerate by time duration. Among the various countermeasure methods applied so far, beach nourishment needs to be reviewed as an erosion prevention measure because the erosion pattern is mitigated and environmentally friendly depending on the particle size. In the case of beach nourishment. a detailed review is required to determine the size, range, etc., of an appropriate particle diameter. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the related topographic change using the change in the particle size of nourishment materials, the application of partial area, and the condition under the coexistence of waves and wind as variables because those factors are hard to be analyzed and interpreted within results and limitation of that the existing numerical models are not able to calculate and result out so that it is required that phenomenon or efforts are reviewed at the same time through physical model experiments, field monitoring and etc. So we attempt to reproduce the tendency of beach erosion and deposition and predict possible phenomena in the future using machine learning techniques for phenomena that it is not able to be interpreted by numerical models. we used the hydraulic experiment results for the training data, and the accuracy of the prediction results according to the change in the training method was simultaneously analyzed. As a result of the study it was found that topographic changes using machine learning tended to be similar to those of previous studies in short-term predictions, but we also found differences in the formation of scour and sandbars.

An Experimental Study on a Characteristics of Flow around Groynes for Groyne Spacing (수제 설치간격에 따른 수제주변 흐름특성에 관한 실험 연구)

  • Kang, Joon Gu;Yeo, Hong Koo;Roh, Young Sin
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.3B
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    • pp.271-278
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    • 2006
  • In design of groyne series, groyne spacing is a important factor and have an effect on not only the characteristics of backward and recirculation flow in groyne zone but also flow field in main channel. It is necessary study about flow pattern of recirculation zone and main channel that is a cause of bad change, local scour and bank erosion by groyne spacing. In this study, flow variation of groyne zone and main chanel for spacing of groynes were analyzed from the experiment results in order to offer a fundamental data that can be used to decide the proper groyne spacing. Experiments were conducted 12 cases for groyne spacing(L) by groyne length(l) rate and the velocity profile was measured using LSPIV and ADV. From the results, two vortex flows developed in recirculation zone for L/l=3~9 and three vortex flows developed over L/l=10. The velocity of backward flow in recirculation zone was decreased up to 20% over L/l=4. The velocity of main channel flow was increased from 1.3 to 2.0 times by groyne spacing and the rate of velocity increased by increasing groyne spacing. The maximum velocity occurred in 0.7~0.8 times of groyne spacing downstream of upper groyne.

Numerical analysis of geomorphic changes in rivers due to dam pulse discharge of Yeongju Dam (댐 펄스방류로 인한 하천의 지형변화 수치모의 분석(영주댐 중심으로))

  • Baek, Tae Hyoa;Jang, Chang-Laeb;Lee, Kyung Su
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.56 no.12
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    • pp.871-881
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    • 2023
  • This study investigates the geomorphic changes and Bed Relief Index of the river downstream of the Yeongju Dam by Nays2DH, a two-dimensional numerical model, in order to grasp the dynamics of the downstream river while applying various flow patterns such as pulse discharge. It shows that the geomorphic and the bed elevations changes are the largest under the condition of the normalized pulse discharge. The total change in the riverbed is 29.88 m for uniform flow, 27.46 m for normalized hydrograph, 29.63 m for pulse flow and 31.87 m for pulse flow with normalized hydrograph which result in the largest variation in scour and deposition. The Bed Relief Index (BRI) increases with time under conditions of uniform flow, pulse flow and pulse flow with normalized hydrograph. However, BRI increased rapidly until 30 hrs after the peak flow (14 hrs), but decreased from 56 hrs under the condition of normalized hydrograph. Therefore, the condition of normalized hydrograph gives greater dynamics than the condition of a single flood or constant flow, and the dynamics increase downstream than upstream, resulting in an effect on improving the environment of the river downstream of the dam.

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Seabed and Structure due to the Interaction among Seabed, Composite Breakwater and Irregular Waves (II) (불규칙파-해저지반-혼성방파제의 상호작용에 의한 지반과 구조물의 동적응답에 관한 수치시뮬레이션 (II))

  • Lee, Kwang-Ho;Baek, Dong-Jin;Kim, Do-Sam;Kim, Tae-Hyung;Bae, Ki-Seong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.174-183
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    • 2014
  • Seabed beneath and near coastal structures may undergo large excess pore water pressure composed of oscillatory and residual components in the case of long durations of high wave loading. This excess pore water pressure may reduce effective stress and, consequently, the seabed may liquefy. If liquefaction occurs in the seabed, the structure may sink, overturn, and eventually increase the failure potential. In this study, to evaluate the liquefaction potential on the seabed, numerical analysis was conducted using the expanded 2-dimensional numerical wave tank to account for an irregular wave field. In the condition of an irregular wave field, the dynamic wave pressure and water flow velocity acting on the seabed and the surface boundary of the composite breakwater structure were estimated. Simulation results were used as input data in a finite element computer program for elastoplastic seabed response. Simulations evaluated the time and spatial variations in excess pore water pressure, effective stress, and liquefaction potential in the seabed. Additionally, the deformation of the seabed and the displacement of the structure as a function of time were quantitatively evaluated. From the results of the analysis, the liquefaction potential at the seabed in front and rear of the composite breakwater was identified. Since the liquefied seabed particles have no resistance to force, scour potential could increase on the seabed. In addition, the strength decrease of the seabed due to the liquefaction can increase the structural motion and significantly influence the stability of the composite breakwater. Due to limitations of allowable paper length, the studied results were divided into two portions; (I) focusing on the dynamic response of structure, acceleration, deformation of seabed, and (II) focusing on the time variation in excess pore water pressure, liquefaction, effective stress path in the seabed. This paper corresponds to (II).

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Seabed and Structure due to the Interaction among Seabed, Composite Breakwater and Irregular Waves (I) (불규칙파-해저지반-혼성방파제의 상호작용에 의한 지반과 구조물의 동적응답에 관한 수치시뮬레이션 (I))

  • Lee, Kwang-Ho;Baek, Dong-Jin;Kim, Do-Sam;Kim, Tae-Hyung;Bae, Ki-Seong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.160-173
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    • 2014
  • Seabed beneath and near coastal structures may undergo large excess pore water pressure composed of oscillatory and residual components in the case of long durations of high wave loading. This excess pore water pressure may reduce effective stress and, consequently, the seabed may liquefy. If liquefaction occurs in the seabed, the structure may sink, overturn, and eventually increase the failure potential. In this study, to evaluate the liquefaction potential on the seabed, numerical analysis was conducted using the expanded 2-dimensional numerical wave tank to account for an irregular wave field. In the condition of an irregular wave field, the dynamic wave pressure and water flow velocity acting on the seabed and the surface boundary of the composite breakwater structure were estimated. Simulation results were used as input data in a finite element computer program for elastoplastic seabed response. Simulations evaluated the time and spatial variations in excess pore water pressure, effective stress, and liquefaction potential in the seabed. Additionally, the deformation of the seabed and the displacement of the structure as a function of time were quantitatively evaluated. From the results of the analysis, the liquefaction potential at the seabed in front and rear of the composite breakwater was identified. Since the liquefied seabed particles have no resistance to force, scour potential could increase on the seabed. In addition, the strength decrease of the seabed due to the liquefaction can increase the structural motion and significantly influence the stability of the composite breakwater. Due to limitations of allowable paper length, the studied results were divided into two portions; (I) focusing on the dynamic response of structure, acceleration, deformation of seabed, and (II) focusing on the time variation in excess pore water pressure, liquefaction, effective stress path in the seabed. This paper corresponds to (I).

Numerical Simulation on Seabed-Structure Dynamic Responses due to the Interaction between Waves, Seabed and Coastal Structure (파랑-지반-해안구조물의 상호작용에 기인하는 해저지반과 구조물의 동적응답에 관한 수치시뮬레이션)

  • Lee, Kwang-Ho;Baek, Dong-Jin;Kim, Do-Sam;Kim, Tae-Hyung;Bae, Ki-Seong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.49-64
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    • 2014
  • Seabed beneath and near the coastal structures may undergo large excess pore water pressure composed of oscillatory and residual components in the case of long durations of high wave loading. This excess pore water pressure may reduce effective stress and, consequently, the seabed may liquefy. If the liquefaction occurs in the seabed, the structure may sink, overturn, and eventually fail. Especially, the seabed liquefaction behavior beneath a gravity-based structure under wave loading should be evaluated and considered for design purpose. In this study, to evaluate the liquefaction potential on the seabed, numerical analysis was conducted using 2-dimensional numerical wave tank. The 2-dimensional numerical wave tank was expanded to account for irregular wave fields, and to calculate the dynamic wave pressure and water particle velocity acting on the seabed and the surface boundary of the structure. The simulation results of the wave pressure and the shear stress induced by water particle velocity were used as inputs to a FLIP(Finite element analysis LIquefaction Program). Then, the FLIP evaluated the time and spatial variations in excess pore water pressure, effective stress and liquefaction potential in the seabed. Additionally, the deformation of the seabed and the displacement of the structure as a function of time were quantitatively evaluated. From the analysis, when the shear stress was considered, the liquefaction at the seabed in front of the structure was identified. Since the liquefied seabed particles have no resistance force, scour can possibly occur on the seabed. Therefore, the strength decrease of the seabed at the front of the structure due to high wave loading for the longer period of time such as a storm can increase the structural motion and consequently influence the stability of the structure.

Recruitment and Succession of Riparian Vegetation in Alluvial River Regulated by Upstream Dams - Focused on the Nakdong River Downstream Andong and Imha Dams - (댐 하류 충적하천에서 식생이입 및 천이 - 낙동강 안동/임하 댐 하류하천을 중심으로 -)

  • Woo, Hyo-Seop;Park, Moon-Hyung;Cho, Kang-Hyun;Cho, Hyung-Jin;Chung, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.455-469
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    • 2010
  • Changes of geomorphology in alluvial river and vegetation recruitment on its floodplain downstream from dams are investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively focusing on the downstream of Andong dam and Imha dam on the Nakdong River. Results of the analyses of river morphology and bed material in the study site show a general trend of riverbed degradation with a max scour of 3 m and bed material coarsening from pre-dam value of 1.5 mm in D50 to post-dam value of 2.5 mm. Decrease in bed shear stress due to the decrease in flood discharge have caused vegetation recruitment on the once-naked sandbars. As result, the ratio of area of vegetated bars over total area of bars has drastically changed from only 7% in 1971 before the Andong dam (constructed in 1976) to 25% after it, and increased to 43% only three year after the Imha dam (constructed in 1992) and eventually to 74% by 2005. Analysis of the vegetation succession at Wicjeol subreach, one of the three subreaches selected in this study for detailed investigation, has clearly shown a succession of vegetation on once-naked sand bars to a pioneering stage, reed and grass stage, willow shrub and eventually to willow tree stages. At the second subreach selected, two large point bars in front of Hahoe Village seem to have maintained their sand surfaces without a signifiant vegetation recruitment until 2005. The sand bars, however, seem to have been invaded by vegetation recently, which warns river managers to have a countermeasure to protect the sand bars from vegetation invasion in order to conserve them for the historical village of Hahoe. On the other hand, recruitment and establishment of vegetation on the sand bars by artificial disturbance of the river, such as damming, can create an unique habitat of backmarsh in the sandy river, as shown in the case of Gudam Wetland, and may increase the biodiversity as compared with relatively monotonous sand bars. Last, the premise in this study that decrease in flood discharge due to upstream dams and decrease in bed shear stress can induce vegetation recruitment on the naked sand bars in the river has been verified with the analyses of the distribution of dimensionless bed shear stress along the selected cross section in each subreach.

Prediction of Seabed Topography Change Due to Construction of Offshore Wind Power Structures in the West-Southern Sea of Korea (서남해에서 해상풍력구조물의 건설에 의한 해저지형의 변화예측)

  • Jeong, Seung Myung;Kwon, Kyung Hwan;Lee, Jong Sup;Park, Il Heum
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.423-433
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    • 2019
  • In order to predict the seabed topography change due to the construction of offshore wind power structures in the west-southern sea of Korea, field observations for tides, tidal currents, suspended sediment concentrations and seabed sediments were carried out at the same time. These data could be used for numerical simulation. In numerical experiments, the empirical constants for the suspended sediment flux were determined by the trial and error method. When a concentration distribution factor was 0.1 and a proportional constant was 0.05 in the suspended sediment equilibrium concentration formulae, the calculated suspended sediment concentrations were reasonably similar with the observed ones. Also, it was appropriate for the open boundary conditions of the suspended sediment when the south-east boundary corner was 11.0 times, the south-west was 0.5 times, the westnorth 1.0 times, the north-west was 1.0 times and the north-east was 1.0 times, respectively, using the time series of the observed suspended sediment concentrations. In this case, the depth change was smooth and not intermittent around the open boundaries. From these calibrations, the annual water depth change before and after construction of the offshore wind power structures was shown under 1 cm. The reason was that the used numerical model for the large scale grid could not reproduce a local scour phenomenon and they showed almost no significant velocity change over ± 2 cm/s because the jacket structures with small size diameter, about 1 m, were a water-permeable. Therefore, it was natural that there was a slight change on seabed topography in the study area.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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