• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.96-110
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• 2008

Differing from civil engineering and construction, landscape architecture projects are far from efforts in operation and project management. Under the circumstances, it is worthwhile to adopt scope definition from project management for construction and civil engineering in some respects. First, scope definition is able to be conducted through a simple procedure without additional investment in capital and time. Second, the output produced by scope definition is very substantial. The research scrutinized scope definition procedures accompanied by landscape architecture project execution and derived various methods in order to help scope definition for efficient landscape architecture projects. Based on the literature review, a design case study, and an exert interview, the project success elements were developed consisting of 3 sections, 8 categories and 50 elements, grounded on the theoretical base of PDRI. The elements are expected to pave a way to an adequate level of scope definition among participants of landscape architecture projects and contribute in efficient project execution.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.421-423
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• 2021

Providing a "safe system of work" is the essence of the general duties that employers have to their employees under workplace health and safety regulations. Despite this, consistent and appropriate definition of what constitutes a safe system of work is almost non-existent. Available definitions tend to confuse a safe system of work with management practices intended to bring about a safe system, or conflate the broad system suggested in general duties clauses with procedures or work methods that are focused on particular hazards or tasks. This article develops a definition of safe systems of work which recognises the broad scope of the concept and includes psychological health and return to work processes. This definition can be used by a range of stakeholders to better communicate the scope of occupational health and safety duties and more consistently assess whether a safe system has been provided both before and after incidents occur.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 2018

This study has been motivated by the awareness that studies on science and technology policy do not have an independent academic identity in Korea as of 2017. This research has been analyzed 19 books that have covered science and technology policy published in Korea and explored whether those have a definition of discipline and core research scope which are the key elements forming academic paradigm. As a result, this study concludes provisionally that studies on science and technology policy in Korea are still at a stage that has not yet formed a paradigm. Therefore, this work newly proposes the definition of discipline and research scope necessary to complete the paradigm of studies on science and technology policy based on this conclusion. This paper has firstly defined that studies on science and technology policy are the policy-oriented discipline. It is (1) promoting the development of science and technology itself by studying and analyzing the various phenomena of politics, economy, society, and culture related to science and technology activities as well as science and technology and (2) makes the national and public sector improve problem-solving competence using science and technology. This work also proposes a research scope consisting of four research areas such as (1) policy process of science and technology, (2) public management of science and technology, (3) R&D management and (4) technology innovation. 'Policy process of science and technology' and 'public management of science and technology' among four research areas are the new research ones reflecting the definition of studies on science and technology policy proposed in this paper. Additionally 'R&D management' and 'technology innovation' are the traditional research areas which have also included existing researches regarding science and technology policy.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the legal definition and usage of cultural property term related to the architecture within the cultural property-related legal system and general legal system, and to present proper terminology and specific concepts that can be used for the architecture as cultural properties. In the current cultural property legislative system, terms about the architecture are diverse and obscure, and the definition of each term is different from the concept in the general legal system. In this context, this study presented the terminology of 'the architectural heritage' as 'a cultural property by construction act' to cover whole cultural properties related to Korean architecture. And the conceptual scope of the architectural heritage is divided into the technology and the performer related to the act, the record and the building related to the product. and Each concept needs to be specifically tailored to its object and scope. Systematic definition of terms for cultural properties related the architecture can positively influence systematization of cultural property preservation and management as well as empirical research and education on Korean architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The definition and scope of biofeedback are broad and lack a clear framework. Therefore, efforts are needed to clearly understand the exact range and definition of biofeedback based on the research and development conducted to date. Thus, the purpose of this study was to arrive at the definition and scope of biofeedback through a literature review and analysis of its application methods. METHODS: This study is a systematic literature review conducted to understand the various types and effects of biofeedback. International databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed were used. Domestic databases utilized for keyword searches included the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and the National Digital Science Library (NDSL). Quality assessment of the selected studies in the selection process was done using the Cochrane risk of bias, and the research was analyzed according to the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) format. RESULTS: Studies conducted between 2019 and 2021 were selected, with 4 papers falling under physiological classifications and 7 under biomechanical classifications. The quality assessment results showed that random sequence generation, allocation concealment, performance bias, and reporting bias were unclear. Detection bias was moderate, and attrition bias and other biases were low. Out of the 11 papers, 9 dealt with physical function outcomes, 5 with daily life activities, and 3 with mental functions. CONCLUSION: Physiological biofeedback tended to influence psychological factors more than physical functions, while biomechanical biofeedback tended to have a positive impact on physical functions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.381-382
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• 2014

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.293-313
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• 2013

Preproject phase is an important but often ignored research area in information systems field although it has an undeniable importance for successful project. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting project performance in preproject phase and to find empirically critical factors among them. After deriving 9 factors through literature review including clear project definition, project leader position, staffing efforts, preproject team expertise, preproject knowledge scope, preproject partnering, top-management support, resource sufficiency, and project climate, the study investigate the influence of those factors on project performance. The study results reveal that clear project definition, project climate, resource sufficiency, pre-project knowledge scope, project leader position have significant impact on project process satisfaction, a measure of project performance, but the other factors do not. Based on the empirical results, the study discuss academic and practical implications.

• Journal of Sinology and China Studies
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• v.79
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• pp.295-312
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• 2019

Through the articles written by the Joseon literati, this article first sorts out the sources and definitions of related words, then examines the specific sentence adopted by the Joseon literati, and clarifies the Joseon literati's understanding of philological related words. This article will specifically analyze the concepts of '古文' and '古篆', analyze the similarities and differences between them, and explore the reasons for the differences. This article will use the Korean classical collection of Korean classical integrated DB, as well as the documents of the Cheng zheng diary(承政院日記) and the Joseon dynasty sillok(朝鮮王朝實錄Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty) and so on. This article will analyze the following steps: First, sort out the general definition of '古文' and '古篆'; secondly, analyze the concept of '古文' and '古篆' in Korean literature; again, through the contact of Joseon scholars , The word font is used to discuss the concepts and differences between 'Gu Wen(古文)' and 'Gu Zhuan(古篆)'; finally, the specific scope of 'Gu Wen(古文)' and 'Gu Zhuan(古篆)' in the Joseon Period.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.261-266
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• 2019

In order to cope with various issues about access to public health system of Korean medicine and reformation of college curriculum and argument of pseudoscience on Korean medicine etc., a new definition of Korean medicine was devised. Two ways of approach were tried through analysis of precedent cases of definition on traditional medicine firstly and analysis on concept and logic of Korean medicine secondly. As a result, Korean medicine can be defined as a science of theories and application techniques for maintaining health and diagnosing, treating and preventing conditions、causes、prognosis of diseases or damages based on the correlative and complicated understanding about the structure and function of mind and body out of human lives under the environment and society. This definition can be used as a basis to derive legal rights or scope in area of research and education policies and social institutions of the Korean medicine and to confront scientification criticism hereafter.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.574-586
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• 2006

Purpose: This paper is intended to provide a clauses of scope of nursing practice with nursing act. Method: This was a planning study. The provision of scope of nursing practice is constructed through critical review of literatures and regulations. The validity of the legal definition was tested through expert and staffs in affiliates of Korean Nurses Association review. Result: 'Nursing is an activity that assesses and diagnoses the reaction of an individual, family, and community for health promotion and maintenance, illness prevention and rehabilitation and to provide intervention and evaluate the results. This practices are done through nursing knowledge and skills. The nursing practices include basic nursing services (general hygiene, environment and safety control, emotional and physical comfort, examination and surgery related care, systematic observation and reporting about patients, activity and organ function maintenance), practice of doctor's regimen, consulting and education to patients, reference, collaboration and management with other health personnel, public health activity by regulation. And nursing standards are set by a separate code. Conclusions: The result of this study can be used to offer for nursing act. So, This legal definition will be constantly discussed and extended to reflect actual nursing practice.