• 식물병연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2013

Sclerotinia white rot disease was observed on 5 and 6-year-old ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots in Hongchun, Cheorwon, and Yanggu, Gangwon Province, Korea from 2006 to 2010. Symptoms included a brownish watery soft rot of the roots, and black sclerotia were often found on the rotten roots. The causal agent of the disease was identified as Sclerotinia nivalis based on cultural characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene with 100% sequence similarity. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 2-year-old ginseng roots with mycelium plugs without wounds. A watery soft rot of the roots and black sclerotia were observed 10 days after inoculation. These symptoms were identical to those observed on naturally infected roots. The same fungus was re-isolated from the lesions induced by artificial inoculation. This is the first report of sclerotinia white rot caused by S. nivalis on P. ginseng in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2022

White mold (or Sclerotinia stem rot), caused by Sclerotinia species, is a major air, soil, or seed-transmitted disease affecting numerous crops and wild plants. Microscopic or culture-based methods currently available for their detection and identification are time-consuming, laborious, and often erroneous. Therefore, we developed a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the discrimination, detection, and quantification of DNA collected from each of the three economically relevant Sclerotinia species, namely, S. sclerotiorum, S. minor, and S. nivalis. TaqMan primer/probe combinations specific for each Sclerotinia species were designed based on the gene sequences encoding aspartyl protease. High specificity and sensitivity of each probe were confirmed for sclerotium and soil samples, as well as pure cultures, using simplex and multiplex qPCRs. This multiplex assay could be helpful in detecting and quantifying specific species of Sclerotinia, and therefore, may be valuable for disease diagnosis, forecasting, and management.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.426-426
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• 2010

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1018-1026
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• 2020

Rosemary essential oil was evaluated for antifungal potentiality against six major ginseng pathogens: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia nivalis, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. The in vitro fungicidal effects of two commonly used fungicides, namely mancozeb and fenhexamid, and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Trichoderma koningiopsis T-403 on the mycelial growth were investigated. The results showed that rosemary essential oil is active against all of the pathogenic strains of ginseng root rot, whereas rosemary oil displayed high ability to inhibit the Sclerotinia spp. growth. The highest sensitivity was S. nivalis, with complete inhibition of growth at 0.1% v/v of rosemary oil, followed by Alternaria panax, which exhibited 100% inhibition at 0.3% v/v of the oil. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rosemary oil ranged from 0.1 % to 0.5 % (v/v). Chemical analysis using GC-MS showed the presence of thirty-two constituents within rosemary oil from R. officinals L. Camphore type is the most frequent sesquiterpene in rosemary oil composition. Mancozeb and fenhexamid showed their highest inhibition effect (45% and 30%, respectively) against A. panax. T. koningiopsis T-403 showed its highest inhibition effect (84%) against C. destructans isolate. This study may expedite the application of antifungal natural substances from rosemary and Trichoderma in the prevention and control of phytopathogenic strains in ginseng root infections.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2012

인삼 뿌리썩음병을 일으키는 병원균의 생물적 방제를 위해서 토양에서 유용미생물을 분리하여 항균 활성과 생화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 강원도 인삼재배 토양에서 총 439균주의 세균을 분리하여 이 중에서 항균 활성이 가장 우수한 3균주(GP4-1, GR2-2, GR4-5)의 미생물을 최종 선발하였다. 주요 인삼 뿌리 썩음병원균인 5종(Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia nivalis)에 대한 생장 억제능을 조사한 결과, 선발 균주들이 매우 높은 항균 활성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 최종 선발 균주들의 정확한 동정을 위해서 16S rRNA 유전자 염기 서열로 계통 유전학적 분석을 하였고, 모든 균주들이 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum $FZB42^T$과 가장 높은 상동성(99.9 %)이 있음을 보였다. 선발 균주들이 생산하는 2차 대사물질 구명을 위해 주요 Bacillus 대사산물의 생합성 유전자를 PCR 반응으로 검정하였다. 모든 선발 균주들에서 iturin A와 surfactin의 생합성 유전자가 검출되었으며, GR4-5 균주에서는 bacillomycin D의 생합성 유전자도 추가로 검출되었다. 생화학적 특성 조사에서는 선발 균주들이 섬유소 분해 효소와 단백질 분해 효소의 활성이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 인삼재배 토양에서 분리한 토양 미생물들이 인삼 뿌리썩음병의 생물적 방제를 위한 미생물제제로서의 활용가치가 높음을 제시하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Seed dehiscence of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer) is affected by moisture, temperature, storage conditions and microbes. Several microbes were isolated from completely dehisced seed coat of ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong and Younpoong at Gumsan, Korea. We investigated the potential of five Talaromyces flavus isolates from the dehiscence of ginseng seed in four traditional stratification facilities. The isolates showed antagonistic activities against fungal plant pathogens, such as Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia nivalis, Botrytis cinerea, and Phytophthora capsici. The dehiscence ratios of ginseng seed increased more than 33% by treatment of T. flavus GG01, GG02, GG04, GG12, and GG23 in comparison to control (28%). Among the treatments, the reformulating treatment of T. flavus isolates GG01 and GG04 showed the highest of stratification ratio of ginseng seed. After 16 weeks, the reformulating treatment of T. flavus isolates GG01 and GG04 significantly enhanced dehiscence of ginseng seed by about 81% compared to the untreated control. The candidate's treatment of T. flavus GG01 and GG04 showed the highest decreasing rate of 93% in seed coat hardness for 112 days in dehiscence period. The results suggested that the pre-inoculation of T. flavus GG01 and GG04 found to be very effective applications in improving dehiscence and germination of ginseng seed.