• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 1996

This investigation was carried out to reveal the removal rates of Ca, Mg and Na among the constituents of the litters in Phragmites communis Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Typha augustata and Scirpus tabernaemontani ecosystems in the lake Paldangho. The removal constants of Ca, Mg and Na were determined by the mathematical model and the time required to decay to any percentage of each constituent was calculated by using this model. The results obtained in this study can he abstracted as follows; The removal constants of Ca, Mg and Na of the litters were 0.91, 0.86 and 0.71 in Phragmites communis, 0.64, 0.62, and 0.50 in Miscanthus sacchariflorus, 0.66, 0.28, and 0.56 in Typha angustata and 0.40, 0.55 and 0.63 in Scirpus tabernaemontani, respectively. These values of each constituent in Phragmites communis are the highest among the compared species and in each species, Ca among the studied constituent is higher than the others. The half times of Ca, Mg and Na required for the removal or accumulation of the litters on the grassland floor were 0.76, 0.80 and 0.98 years in Phragmites communis, 1.08, 1.12 and 1.39 years in Miscanthus sacehariflorus 1.05, 2.47 and 1.24 years in Typha angustata and 1.73, 1.26 and 1.10 years in Scirpus tabernaemontani, respectively. Key words: Removal constant, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus scchariflorus, Typha angu-stata, Scirpus tabernaemontani Paldangho. Ca, Mg. Na.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

Samples from the L, F, H and $A_1$ horizons of the Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Scirpus tabernaemontani and Typha angustata grassland were collected in Paldangho and the removal rates of ritrogen were investigated. The removal rates of nitrogen of the litters were 0.85 in P.communis, 0.56 in M sacchariflorus, 0.45 in T. angustata and 0.31 in S. tabernaemontani The time required to decay 50, 95, 99 percent of the steady state levels and turnover values of nitrogen on the grassland floor were 0.81, 3.53, 5.89 years in the P. communis, 1.23, 5.32, 8.86 years in the M sacchariflorus, 1.54, 6.68, 11.13 years in the S. tabernaemontani and 2.22, 9.63, 16.04 years in the T. angustata Key words: Removal rate, Accumulation, Paldangho, Nitrogen, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Typha angustata.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the removal rates of Cd and Pb of the litters in the Phragmites communis. Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Typha angustata, Scirpus tabernaemontani grassland aquatic ecosystem in the lake Paldangho. The annual production of Cd and Pb were 0.005g /$m^2$ , 0.21g /$m^2$in P. commumis, 0.004g /$m^2$, O.08g /$m^2$ in M. sacchariflorus, 0.023g /$m^2$, 0.42g /$m^2$ in T. angustata and 0.020g /$m^2$, 0.23g /$m^2$ in S. tabernaemontani respectively. The removal rates of Cd and Pb of the litters were 0.83, 0.85 in P. communis. 0.36, 0.54 in M. sacchariflorus, 0.61, 0.51 in T. angustata and 0.76, 0.71 in S. tabernaemontani, respectively. The times required to decay 50, 95, 99 percent of the steady state level and turnover values of cadmium on the grassland floor were 0.83, 3,60, 6.00 years in P. communis. 1.90, 8.24, 13.74 years in M.sacchariflorus, 1.15, 4.96, 8.27 years in T. angustata and 0.91, 3.95, 6.58 years in S. tabernaemontani The times required to decay 50, 95, 99 percent of the steady state level and turnover values of lead on the grassland floor were 0.81, 3.51, 5.86 years in P. communis. 1.28, 5.56, 9.26 years in M. sacchariflorus, 1.37, 5.94, 9.90 years in T. angustata and 0.97, 4.21, 7.02 years in S. tabernaemontani. Key words: Removal rate, Accumulation, Paldangho, Cadmium, Lead, Phragmites communis Miseanthus sacchariflorus, Typha angustata, Scirpus tabernaemontani.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 1996

The investigation was performed to reveal the removal rate of metal constituents of litters in a Phragmites communis Miseanthus sacchariflorus, Typha angastata and Seirpas tabernaemontani grasslands in the lake Paldangho. The removal rates of metal constituents are determined by the mathematical models. The removal rates and time required to decay up to a percentage of each metal constituent were calculated using these model. The removal rates of Cu, Fe and Zn were 0.61, 0.58 and 0.79 in Phragmites communis 0.39, 0.47 and 0.68 in Miseanthus saccharflorus; 0.26, 0.09 and 0.23 in Typha angustata: 0.56, 0.27 and 0.67 in Seirpus tabernaemontani respectively. The periods required to reach half time to the stedy state of the removal and accumulation for Cu, Fe and Zn were 1,13,1.19 and 0.79 years in Phragmites communis; 1.79, 1.49 and 1.02 years in Miscanthus sacchariflorus; 2.70, 7.43 and 2.96 years in Typha angustata ; 1.23, 2.58 and 1.04 years in Scirqus tabernaemontani, re-spectively. Key words: Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Typha angustata and Scirpus tabernaemontani, lake Paldangho, Removal rate, Cupper, Iron, Zinc.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

This study was conducted, to understand floras and circumstances of Korean swamp inland. The floras of 7 swamp inland were 32 families, 49 genus and 69 species. They are accounted for 23% with 16 species of Cyteraceae, one group of annual herbaceous plants, and 6 groups of perennial herbaceous plants (Scirpus tabernaemontani, Phramites communis, Zizania latifolia, Persicaria thunvergiicsiebold, Typha latifolia, Juncus krameri, and Juncus effusus). The plants of Scirpus tabernaemontani, Phramites communis, Zizania latifolia, Persicaria thunvergiicsiebold, Typha latifolia, Juncus krameri, and Potagometon distinctus turnes out a dominant species.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1996

To estimate removal rate of phosphorus in aquatic grassland ecosystems of Paldangho, this investigation was conducted along with the coast of a lake. The experimental results may be summarized on communities of Typha angustata, Miscanthus sacchriflorus Phragmites communis and Scirpus tabernaemontani as follows. The annual production of phosphorus for the litters in T. angustata, M saccharsflorus, P. cam-munis and S. taiernaemontani grasslands were 10.252 g /$m^2$, 3.833 g /$m^2$, , 2.656 g /$m^2$, and 5.210 g /$m^2$, respectively. The ratio of annual production of P accumulated on surface soils in a steady state provides estimates of the removal rate r, The estimated removal rates r of P were 0.58, 0.78, 0.68 and 0.59 in T. angustata, M. sacchariflorus, P. communis and S. tabernaemontani grasslands re- spectively. The removal and accumulation of 50, 95 and of 99% of its steady state level, the estimates for P of T. angustata were 1.195, 5.173 and 8.623 years, in M. sacchariflorus were 0.880, 3.842, and 6.403 years, and in P. cammunis were 1.014, 4.390, and 7.316 years respectively, In S. tabernaemontani grassland required period were 1.178,5.099 and 8.500. Key words:T. angustata, S. tabernaemantani, P. communis, S. tabernaemontani, Paldangho, Removal rate, Phosphorus.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the removal rate of sulphur of the litters in the Phragmites communsis, Seirpus tabernaemontani, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Typha angustata aquatic grassland ecosystem on the lake Paldangho. The annual litter productions of sulphur were 50.91 /$m^2$, in P. communis, 180.83 g /$m^2$, in S. tabernaemontani, 25.87 g /$m^2$, in M. sacchariflorus and 151.39 g /$m^2$, in T. angustata, respectively. The removal rates r, of sulphur in the litters were 0.86 in P. communis, 0.82 in S. tabernaemontani, 0.43 in M. sacchariflorus and 0.47 in T. angustata respectively, The times required to reach 50, 95 and 99 percent of the steady state levels and turnover values of sulphur on the grass-land floor were 0.81, 3.49 and 5.82 years in the P. communis, 0.85, 3.68 and 6.13 years in the S. tabernaemontani, 1.62, 7.00 and 11.67 years in the M. sacchariflorus and 1.49, 6.44 and 10.73 years in the T. angustata, It is considered that the high removal rates of sulphur in four grasslands of aquatic ecosystem contribute to the efficient removal of sulphur, a pollutant, at the lake Paldangho. Key words: Removal rate, Accmulation, Paldaugho, Sulphur, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus saechariflorus, Seirpus tabernaemontani, Typha angastata.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2007

We studied the optimal ranges of water and soil characteristics for wetland plants, particularly Scirpus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush) and Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail), which are dominant species with potential for restoration of Korean wetlands. We observed vegetation in S. tabernaemontani and T. latifolia communities from the mid to late June, 2005, and measured characteristics of water environments such as water depth (WD), temperature (WT), conductivity (WC), and concentration of several ions $(NO_3{^-}-N,\;Ca^{2+},\;Na^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;and\;K^+)$, and characteristics of soil environments such as soil texture, organic matter (loss on ignition, LOI), conductivity, and pH. The S. tabernaemontani community was accompanied by Zizania latifolia (Manchurian wildrice), Persicaria thunbergii (Korean persicary), Actinostemma lobatum (lobed actinostemma), and Beckmannia syzigachne (American slough grass), while the T. latifolia community was accompanied by P. thunbergii, T. angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail), and Glycine soja (wild soybean). We defined the optimal range for distribution (ORD) as the range that each plant was crowded. The optimal range of water characteristics for the S. tabernaemontani community was a $WD\;10{\sim}50cm,\;WT\;24.0{\sim}32.0^{\circ}C,\;WC\;100{\sim}500{\mu}S/cm,\;{NO_3}{^-}-N\;0{\sim}60ppb,\;K^+\;0.00{\sim}1.50ppm,\;Ca^{2+}\;7.50{\sim}17.50ppm,\; Na^+\;2.50{\sim}12.50ppm,\;and\;Mg^{2+}\;3.00{\sim}7.00ppm$. In addition, the optimal range of soil characteristics for the S. tabernaemontani community was a soil texture of loam, silty loam, and loamy sand, $LOI\;8.0{\sim}16.0%,\;pH\;5.25{\sim}6.25$, and conductivity $10{\sim}70{\mu}S/cm$. The optimal range of water characteristics for the T. latifolia community was a $WD\;10{\sim}30cm,\;WT\;22.5{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C,\;WC\;100{\sim}400{\mu}S/cm,\;{NO_3}{^-}-N\;0{\sim}60ppb,\;K^+\;0.00{\sim}1.50ppm,\;Ca^{2+}\;0.00{\sim}17.50ppm,\;Na^+\;0.00{\sim}12.50ppm,\;and\;Mg^{2+}\;0.00{\sim}5.00ppm$, and the optimal range of soil characteristics for the T. fatifolia community was a soil texture of loam, sandy loam, and silty loam, LOI $3.0{\sim}9.0%,\;pH\;5.25{\sim}7.25$, and conductivity $0{\sim}70{\mu}S/cm$.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1996

The removal rates of gross production and organic matters were investigated in the Lake Paldangho. In 1995 and 1996, soils and litter sarraples were collected and annual mean production and removal rates were calculated. Communities in the Lake Paldangho were Phragrnites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Typha aegustata and Scirpas tahernaemoutani. Removal constants of aquatic plant communities estimated by the mathematical theoretical models, were 0.826, 0.567, 0.571 and 0.751, respectively. The durations of reaching half of initial organic amounts were 0.839 yeras, 1.221 years, 1.213 years and 0.922 years respectively at the steady state of removal and accumulation for organics For organics, the rapidity of removal were more speedy P. communis, S.tahernaemontani, T. augustata, M sacehariflorus in order. The times needed for 99% removal were 6.051 years, 6.651 years, 8.752 years and 8.811 years, respectively. Key wotds:Gross production, Organic matters, Lake Paldangho, Phragmites communis, Mis-ca ethus sacchariflorus, Typha angustata, Scirpus tahernaemoutani., Removal constants.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of plant life cycle to plant settlement by 1 year monitoring. The subjects of monitoring are the plants (3 plant life cycle, 9 taxa) well established in the mesocosm. 18 mesocosms were divided into 3 sets and water levels were maintained at 0, 20 and 60 cm during 16 weeks from mid-May, respectively and at 0 cm except these 16 weeks. Height and population size of transplanted perennial plants (Scirpus tabernaemontani, Zizania caduciflora, Typha (Typha angustifolia and Typha orientalis)) at 1st year were not affected by diverse water level, though any more seedlings of these species were not settled at this condition. In contrast, water level condition strong influenced annual and biennial plant, relatively. As a result, timing and duration of flooding have great effect on successful settlement of annual and biennial plant without rhizome.