• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.525-529
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• 2013

As most of citrus, shiranuhi mandarin ((Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata) mainly use the trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) as its rootstock which has dwarf and cold hardness in Korea. However, recently, scion root was observed in 'Shiranuhi' mandarin tree grafted onto the trifoliate orange. This study was carried out to find out effects of scion root occurrence on the fruit quality, flowering and yield of shiranuhi mandarin. For the experiment, we selected six farmers who have outbreak of scion root in their Shiranuhi mandarin orchards and surveyed the difference of fruit quality of shiranuhi mandarin hybrid between scion root and control (trifoliate orange root). In the results, flowering was severely decreased in scion root trees compared to control. As a result of survey of 174 Shiranuhi mandarins, 160 trees were proved to be scion root, and had less flowering. Fruiting of scion root also severely dropped compared to control and thus, yields of scion root (6.4 kg) reduced by 24% compared to control (26.7 kg). The fruit size, weight and soluble solid contents of scion root were significantly reduced, but there were no differences in acid contents and coloring of fruit. From the results, we concluded that scion root had negative influence on flowering, fruit size and the yields of Shrinanuhi mandarin hybrid.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: 'Shiranuhi' mandarin is one of the popular citrus cultivars in Jeju Island, Korea. However, the emergence of scion roots since the past few years has altered its flowering, fruiting, and quality. Girdling of branches is one of the methods of increasing flowering in citrus trees. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of girdling on the flowering and yields of scion rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrid. We selected normal trees without scion roots as controls. The trees with scion roots were divided into two groups: trees without girdling and with girdling on main branches. Each group contained five replications and the experiment was conducted in Gosan and Harye of Jeju Island. The scion rooted trees revealed severely decreased flowering and low flowering/leaf ratios; however, the leaf/fruit ratio significantly increased. But, girdling on main branches significantly increased flowering and the flowering/leaf ratio. In the scion rooted trees, yields dropped due to poor flowering; however, girdling of branches efficiently improved the yields of the trees. Fruit quality, fruit size, and fruit weight of scion rooted trees were low in comparison with the control, whereas girdling of the branches improved flowering and the fruit weight to some extent. No significant difference in soluble solid contents was observed. CONCLUSION: Girdling is an effective method to induce flowering of the scion rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees. In addition, yields of scion rooted trees were improved.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: 'Shiranuhi' mandarin is a major cultivar among all late ripening type of citrus, and is widely cultivated in Korea. However, many farmers have reported scion root problems in their orchard resulting in reduced flowering and fruiting. It is necessary that the physiology of scion-rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees is further understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted to understand the growth response and physiology of scion-rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrids. In our study, 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees were divided into two groups: trees without scion roots (control) and trees with scion roots. The experiment was conducted in Seogwipo of Jeju, with ten replicates for each group. Growth of trees with scion roots was more vigorous and the trees were taller than the controls. Tree height and trunk diameter of scion-rooted trees were significantly higher than those of control trees. Exposed length of rootstocks of scion-rooted trees was significantly lower (by about 2 cm) than that of control trees (8.6 cm). In terms of root nutrition, carbon contents of scion-rooted trees was significantly lower than that of control trees, but nitrogen and potassium concentrations in scion roots were significantly higher than those in control roots. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we infer that growth of scion-rooted trees was very vigorous and the content of nitrogen in these roots was higher than that in the control tree roots. Thus, the carbon/nitrogen ratio of scion roots was significantly lower than that of the control roots.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

Cotton leaf curl is devastating disease of cotton characterized by leaf curling, vein darkening and enations. The disease symptoms are induced by DNA satellite known as Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB), dominant betasatellite in cotton but another betasatellite known as Chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) is also found associated with the disease. Grafting experiment was performed to determine if host plant resistance is determinant of dominant population of betasatellite in cotton (several distinct strains of CLCuMuB are associated with the disease). Infected scion of Gossypium hirsutum collected from field (the source) was grafted on G. arboreum, a diploid cotton species, resistant to the disease. A healthy scion of G. hirsutum (sink) was grafted at the top of G. arboreum to determine the movement of virus/betasatellite to upper susceptible scion of G. hirsutum. Symptoms of disease appeared in the upper scion and presence of virus/betasatellite in the upper scion was confirmed via molecular techniques, showing that virus/betasatellite was able to move to upper scion through resistant G. arboreum. However, no symptoms appeared on G. arboreum. Betasatelites were cloned and sequenced from lower scion, upper scion and G. arboreum which show that the lower scion contained both CLCuMuB and ChLCB, however only ChLCB was found in G. arboreum. The upper scion contained CLCuMuB with a deletion of 78 nucleotides (nt) in the non-coding region between Arich sequence and ${\beta}C1$ gene and insertion of 27 nt in the middle of ${\beta}C1$ ORF. This study may help in investigating molecular basis of resistance in G. arboreum.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

옻나무의 근삽에 의한 묘목생산성을 높이기 위하여 BA, kinetin 및 zeatin 등의 생장조절물질과 삽수의 길이 및 직경 등을 공시하여 신초발생율과 묘소질을 조사하였다. 옻나무의 근삽처리 후 3∼5주 사이에 삽수로부터 신초가 발생하여 지상부로 출현하였다. 발생하는 신초의 수는 대부분이 1개였으나 2∼3개의 신초가 발생하기도 하였다. 한편 신초가 발생하지 않은 삽수들은 대부분 신초분화능이 포함된 피층부가 부패 한 것이 그 원인이었다. 생장조절물질 처리에 있어서 zeatin처리가 가장 양호한 신초발생율을 보였고 농도가 높을수록 신초발생율도 높았다. BA와 kinetin처리 역시 농도가 높을수록 신초발생율이 높았으나 zeatin처리에 비하여 낮았다. 생장조절물질 처리에 의한 묘소질은 처리간에 통계적인 유의성이 인정되지 않았지만 대조구보다는 양호하였다. 삽수의 길이 별 신초의 발생은 삽수의 길이가 길수록 일찍 시작되었고, 묘소질은 15 cm의 삽수가 가장 양호하였고 삽수의 길이가 작아질수록 묘소질이 불량하였다. 그러나 단위길이 당 유묘 생산량은 10 cm의 삽수가 가장 양호하였다. 삽수의 직경에 따른 신초의 발생율은 삽식 10주 후에 0.3∼0.5 cm의 삽수가 76%로써 가장 양호하였고 묘소질은 통계적인 유의성이 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.110.1-110
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• 2003

Control effect of grafting with rootstocks on Phythophthora blight of pepper was evaluated. The 40∼45 day old seedlings of five pepper cultivars, Wangdaeback, Jinmi, Boosa, Samsungcho and Pochunngchun, as a scion were grafted with ten species of root stocks. There wasn't graft incompatibility in all scion-root stock combinations. After 21 days from inoculation with Phytopkhora capsici, incidence of Phythophthora blight of plant grafted with Kataguruma, R-Safe, R-16, YCM 334 and SCM 334 of rootstocks tested was decreased by 64.6∼100％ compared to non-grafted plant whose disease severity was 3.7. However, plant grafted with Umsung native and Yeongdong native pepper was more sensitive to Phythophthora blight than non-grafed plant. Control effect by grafting was inversely proportional to virulence of inoculum and not significantly different among scion cultivars used. And resistant reaction of scion against Phytophthora blight was not affect that of scion-root stock plant in this study.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

An effective grafting method for jujube nursery trees was developed to shorten the operation time, improve the percentage of "takes" and shoot emergence, and form the better graft union. Out of 7 grafting methods the splice, modified scion Ono graft and the bark graft showed relatively short operation time during the grafting operation comparing to the modified rootstock Ono graft or the chip budding. Among these methods, the bark graft demonstrated 100% "takes", but the modified scion Ono graft or the standard Ono graft showed 58.3% of "takes". The percentages of the vegetative shoot emergence were 100% fir the bark graft, 70% f3r the modified scion Ono graft and lower emergence percent for the rest grafting methods. The union tissue formation for the modified scion Ono graft, the bark graft, or the whip-and-tongue graft was significantly larger than the standard Ono graft or the splice graft. In a close examination of the cross sectional areas of the graft union formation through the microscope, the bark graft was superior, the standard Ono graft was inferior and rest of the grafting methods were intermediate.ing methods were intermediate.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2012

감귤은 접목을 통해 일반적으로 번식을 한다. 국내에서 온주밀감의 주요 대목으로 이용되는 탱자(Poncirus trifoliata)는 다른 대목에 비해 왜성이고 내한성이 강한 특징을 갖고 있다. 부지화((Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) C. reticulata) 감귤에서도 이러한 탱자대목의 우수한 특성 때문에 주요 대목으로 탱자를 이용하고 있고 이 대목에서 발생된 뿌리는 당연히 탱자뿌리로 인식하고 있다. 그러나 몇 년 전부터 부지화 감귤나무에서 착화량 감소가 농가들 사이에서 문제시 되어왔는데 이 원인에 대해서는 강전정, 과다착과, 생육기간의 온도에 의해 발생되었다고 추측하였다. 이러한 착화량 감소가 부지화의 자근에 의해 발생이 되었다고 생각하는 연구자는 거의 없었다. 그래서 본 연구는 국내에서 부지화 감귤 나무에서 자근의 존재여부를 밝히기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위해 부지화 재배 농가들 중 착화가 불량한 과원당 나무 3~4주를 무작위로 선정하여 조사를 수행하였다. 뿌리는 각 조사나무에서 표토 5cm 부위에서 잔뿌리를 채취하여 DNA를 추출한 뒤 품종 판별에 이용하였다. 부지화 자근 판별에는 F2/R15, F4/R15, F5/R15의 3가지 프라이머 세트를 이용하였다. DNA 분석결과, 착화가 불량한 부지화 20주 중 14주가 자근이 발생된 것으로, 나머지 6주는 다른 요인에 의해 착화가 불량한 것으로 밝혀졌는데 이러한 결과는 국내에서 처음 보고되는 결과이다. 부지화 자근이 발생된 뿌리는 탱자보다 표면이 어두웠으며 직경도 더 컸다. 자근발생여부를 확인하기 위해 F2/R15, F4/R15, F5/R15 프라이머 세트를 이용하였을 때 부지화 자근과 탱자뿌리 판별이 가능하였고 자근이 실제 재배현장에서 발생되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 자근이 발생된 나무는 정상대목의 나무에 비해 착과량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 금번 결과를 통해서 봤을 때 부지화 재배과원에서 자근의 발생과 그 영향에 대한 조사와 연구가 시급히 필요할 것으로 생각되며 그에 따른 재배법 개발도 뒤따라야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2003

옻나무의 근삽에 의한 묘목생산에 있어서 적정삽목 시기와 삽수의 절단 여부에 따른 신초발생율과 묘소질을 조사하였다. 삽목시기가 빠를수록 신초는 3-4주 후부터 발생하여 늦은 경향이었으나 삽식 10주 후의 신초 형성율은 높은 경 향이었는데 3월 15일과 25일 및 4월 5일 삽목구는 84% 이상이었으며, 신초는 삽목시기가 늦을수록 각시기별로 고르게 발생하는 경향이었다. 묘소질은 4월 5일과 3월 25일 삽목구가 수장, 주당 분지수, 엽수, 경직경 및 엽면적 모두 가장 양호하였다. 절단하지 않은 삽수로부터 신초의 발생은 2주 후부터 시작되었으나 절단한 삽수로부터는 3주 후부터 시작되어 약 1주일이 늦었다. 그러나 삽식 6주 이후부터 10 cm의 크기로 절단한 삽수의 신초발생율은 급격히 증가하여 10주 후에는 84%이었으나 절단하지 않은 삽수의 신초발생율은 54%로 매우 낮았다. 절단하지 않은 삽수의 묘가 경시적으로는 양호하였으나, 수장, 분지수 및 경직경 등은 통계적인 유의성이 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2014

헛개나무(Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai, Korea raisin tree)는 동아시아가 원산지이며, 식 약용 수종으로서 밀원수종으로도 가치가 증대되고 있는 수종이다. 본 연구는 헛개나무의 절접에 의한 접수의 채취시기와 연령 및 비닐하우스 설치에 따른 접목활착율의 효과를 조사하는데 목적이 있다. 헛개나무 신품종은 절접에 의한 접목 결과 클론간 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 온대 북부 권역에서는 휴먼기인 춘분 전에 접수를 채취하는 것이 가장 적합하며, 비닐하우스를 설치하는 경우에는 86% 이상의 높은 접목 활착율을 얻을 수 있다. 접수 연령은 1년지가 가장 적합하며 접목 후 비닐터널을 설치하여 접목상을 관리하면 80% 이상의 높은 접목활착율을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.