• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2018

This study surveyed 137 policymakers and key stakeholders (e.g., employees of government agencies, academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, industry, and advocacy groups) involved in making decisions on nuclear energy policy, investigating how they differentially perceived the importance of scientific evidence in driving nuclear policy. We also identified the policy areas that each group of decision-makers are mostly concerned about and showed how such concerns might contextualize and ultimately shape their perceptions of science-driven policy.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2013

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) achieved relatively rapid economic growth over the past decade. Sustainable growth among member states, however, is put into question due to macroeconomic challenges, political risk, and vulnerability to external shocks. Developed countries, in contrast, have turned into less labor-intensive technologies to further expand their economies. In this paper, we review the science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies and statuses of the scientific and technological capabilities of the ASEAN member countries. Empirical results based on STI indicators (R&D spending, publications, patents, and knowledge economy indices) reveal considerable variation between the science and technology (S&T) competence and effectiveness of STI policies of ASEAN members. We have categorized nations into clusters according their situations in their S&T productivity. Under the Korean Innovation Model, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Brunei are classified as being in the institutional-building stage, while Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam in the catch up stage, and Singapore in the post-catch up stage. Finally, policy prescriptions on how to enhance the S&T capabilities of the developing ASEAN countries, based on the South Korea development experience, are presented.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

This study aims to contribute to the debate over the age-productivity relationships in scientific and technological research. For this purpose, we conducted an empirical experiment employing a time-series cross-section dataset derived from the KRI of the NRF containing data on individual researchers of fifty major universities in Korea covering the period of 2008-2013. This study has found that: (1) there exists an inverse U-shaped age-productivity relationship at the level of individual researchers; (2) the impact of the average age of a research group on the productivity of individual researchers varies across fields; (3) male and female researchers move along different age-productivity curves; and (4) the inverse U-shaped age-productivity relationship also holds at the level of organizations. The results suggest that the aging of researchers in Korea will soon reach the stage where serious losses in research productivity become a reality. Yet, it is not so clear whether the observed decline in the performance of older researchers is due to declining cognitive capability, which is an unavoidable result of aging, or to declining motivation, which results from an institutional system that discourages older researchers' research activities (such as reduced access to research opportunities or mandatory retirement). What is clear is that it is inevitable for the Korean science system to change the current seniority- and age-based organizational system into one of higher adaptability.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

This article explores the relationship between the gender composition of scientific research teams and scientists' individual performance. The gender composition of research teams is an important feature of workplace settings and influences the way people interact and communicate; however, previous research has not directly examined its relationship with scientists' individual performance. Drawing on data collected on university faculties in China in 2016, this article tests several hypotheses about individual's performance in teams with different gender compositions. The results show that team gender composition has a clear gendered effect on scientists' individual performance. The effects of tokenism for women in men-majority teams is proven, but men in women-majority teams appear to be unaffected by tokenism. Moreover, the theories claiming that homogenous teams are more conducive to better individual performance than mixed teams are supported for men but not for women. The findings of this research suggest that recruiting more women into the scientific workforce may improve their performance and thereby help diminish the gender gap in performance. It also indicates that the Chinese preferential policies towards women in science formulated in recent years have had positive impacts. However, considering that more than half of the researchers in the survey are working in men-majority teams, the task of narrowing the gender gap in performance remains a challenge. Further work is needed to explore the tensions and benefits of working with the opposite gender.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1997

Modem biotechnology, specifically for the use of recombinant DNA(rDNA), has brought about a revolution in our ability to control and use life forms. Most of the world's leading countries view biotechnology as the key scientific and industrial discipline for the 21st century and are making all - out efforts for scientific and technological advance in the related fields. The impact of biotechnology on the nation's economy has been growing explosively as such diverse industries invested increasingly on the fruits of biotechnological research. However, such an impact could only be realized through concerted endeavours from the government to private sectors for guarantee of the successful technological advances in this scientific area. There are risks associated with every technology; the classical application of biotechnology has not been exempt. For example, the introduction of bio-tech to agriculture might be destroied the ecosystems. Therefore, to increase the research budgets by the government and private sectors, we need to identify the public attitudes and preference on the acceptance of bio-technology and on the potential economic value of it. For the study, we surveied 959 persons including students enrolled in college of agriculture, Chungnam National University. And to measure the economic value of biotechnology, we use the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) which is considered as the new approaching method in the bio-technology field.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2019

Purpose - Recently, the fourth industrial revolution is rapidly progressing, and the central government-led innovation system is not able to flexibly cope with changes in science and the economy and society. To solve these problems, it is necessary for local governments, which can easily identify and flexibly respond to local sites, to become self-centered and ready to respond more quickly to massive changes. Through this research, this study investigated the awareness of the elements of Jeonnam Province's capabilities in the field of science and technology policy, the importance of R&D, and how network cooperation among the base institutions might affect performance. Research design, data, and methodology - In fact, the data used in this study only 115 people were polled, excluding five who did not respond to the necessary variables. The methods of the survey were sampled, and the means of the survey were investigated via a self-contained electronic file (e-mail). Statistical analysis, including hypothesis verification, was performed by SPSS 19. The regression analysis was used. Results - All factors significantly affect performance by dividing them into five sub-fields: R&D strategic establishment, R&D demand survey, R&D planning, R&D evaluation, and R&D project management. These results suggest the importance and need for local scientific technology policy capabilities. Besides, it was confirmed that the relationship between regional science and technology policy capabilities and performance was moderated by the recognition of the importance of science technology and network cooperation among the core organizations. Conclusions - As a result, independent variables regarding the capabilities of each scientific technology policy were found to be statistically significant and have a significant effect on performance. Second, the regression analysis has shown the moderation effects of R&D importance awareness between the capabilities of science and technology policies and their performance. On the other hand, a regression analysis showing that the capabilities of science and technology policies and network cooperation between the base regions were not significant, indicating that there is no effect of moderation of network cooperation between the base regions between the capabilities of science and technology policies and performance.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.106-131
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• 2016

The general purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for and to measure existing collaboration on research and development between institutions from the countries of Asia and Latin America in FEALAC's framework, in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their convergence. The methodological approach includes scientific and technological surveillance and research seeking to identify both the R&D and innovation capacities of the countries as well as the degree of international cooperation between countries of the two regions; case studies and a study of the governance framework of international collaboration in R&D about issues considered global challenges. The study has three main findings. First, nanotechnology, biotechnology and their convergence contribute to solving the problem of contamination by heavy metals affecting most of the countries that are part of FEALAC and to address problems arising from the accelerated rate of energy consumption, which also contributes to environmental damage. In this scenario, important business opportunities arise from the adaptation and development of bio-refinery technologies. Second, the scientific relationship between FEALAC countries, mainly between Asian and Latin American countries, is weak as can be seen in research for articles and patents. But there is plenty of room and potential for improvement. Third, current and upcoming joint R&D programs and projects should be linked both to existing governance structures and to new ones that serve as experiments of STI public policy regarding innovative management of intellectual property and capacity building. Practical implications are included in lessons learned and a set of recommendations involving a couple of proposals. One proposal calls for research and innovation in promising fields for international cooperation. Another proposal creates mechanisms in the governance framework for sharing knowledge, capacity building, and funding.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2015

Korean society has been recently promoting the restoration of coastal wetlands. These efforts might become the basis of a policy framework that compensates for the limitations of a regulation-oriented policy such as the designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The shift in government policy could contribute to strengthening the socioeconomic infrastructure of coastal development through the accumulation of ecological capital. Although our scientific efforts and social demands in regard to the ecological restoration of the coastal wetlands have increased during the past years, the bases for restoration in Korea requires that scientific, technological, financial, social and legal aspects be enhanced. The present study re-examined the concept and attitudes behind coastal wetland restoration in the light of changing circumstances in Korea. Herein, we first defined coastal wetland restoration as "An act of recovering the functions of the ecosystem of coastal wetlands to a state that resembles conditions prior to being damaged." Next, this study discussed the limitations and future directions of such restoration efforts based on the descriptive analyses of recent restoration practices from social, economic, and technological aspects. Finally, we suggest future policy directions regarding coastal wetland restoration on the basis of a PFST (Policy, Financial, Social, and Technological) analysis; 1) re-arranging legal mechanisms, 2) setting multi-dimensional restoration goals, 3) establishing a multi-discipline- and convergence based R&D system, 4) linking spatial management and local development to the restoration, 5) building restoration governance at the local level, 6) implementing an ecosystem service payment system, and 7) applying test-bed projects in accordance with proper directions.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2002

With the limited resources the proper distribution of the national R&D investment is very crucial to improving the national competence. This crucial decision should be based on the priorities which are driven with the consideration about the relative importance among the scientific technology fields. Such priorities can be useful in planning the national R&D investment and in determining the direction of the national R&D investment policy. In this paper, we used the AHP in order to drive systematically and scientifically the priorities of the major science and technology areas in the national R&D investment, and also analyzed the evaluation differences among the expert groups.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2020

본 연구는 사회 연결망 분석 기법(SNA)을 통하여 최근 10년간 중국대학의 과학연구 및 개발의 효율성 평가현황과 연구동향을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 중국의 CNKI 학술 자료집에서 589개의 논문을 추출하여 과학 연구 개발 효율성 평가와 직접적으로 관련된 190개의 논문을 선택하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 중국대학의 과학기술 연구 효율성 평가 현황, 연구 트렌드 파악, 과학 연구개발에 미치는 주요 요인 및 과학연구의 교류를 촉진하는 주요 요인을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 대학의 과학 연구 개발을 촉진하고, 과학 연구 관리를 강화하며 지식 교류를 촉진하는 긍정적인 의미를 제공할 수 있다. 이 연구는 실제 중국 연구 환경의 과학 연구 동향을 종합적으로 분석하는 데 한계가 있다. 후속 연구는 중국과 다른 나라의 동향을 비교할 필요가 있다.