• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the educational needs of nurses and nursing students for the development of a simulation module of home visiting care for frail, elderly people. Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with 15 home visiting nurses working in public health centers and 14 nursing students who experienced home visiting from September 10 to October 10, 2018. Results: Bloom's taxonomy of learning objectives, namely, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains was used as a framework for data analysis. The defined educational needs for each domain were as follows: "understanding frail, elderly people" for the cognitive domain; "intervention for mental health" and "building a therapeutic relationship" for the affective domain; and "nursing skills", "health education for healthy lifestyles", "referral to the community resource connection", "protection for visiting nurses" for the psychomotor domain. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, a simulation module of home visiting care for frail, elderly people can be developed and used for nursing students and nurses to strengthen the capacity for home visiting care.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.298-310
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• 2023

Purpose: This study synthesized the literature on non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in older adults in long-term care facilities. Methods: Scoping review and thematic analysis methods were combined. On June 1, 2023, searches of primary electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL DBpia, KMbase, NDSL, and RISS, were performed, restricting the publication date from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. Guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used as a framework to set and conduct the scoping review. Results: The review identified 1,095 abstracts, from which 14 studies were included in the review. Consequent to the study, there were 10 randomized controlled experimental study designs, and 6 out of 14 studies were conducted in China. The numeric rating scale was widely used for pain assessment. Exercise intervention was provided in 7 studies and physiotherapy was provided in three studies. The outcome variables measured were pain self-efficacy, physical functions, and depression. Conclusion: This comprehensive overview guided nursing staff in long-term care facilities for planning and intervention of effective non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in the elderly.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.571-581
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• 2024

After a disaster like the catastrophic earthquake, the government have to use rapid assessment of the condition (or damage) of bridges, buildings and other infrastructures is mandatory for rapid feedbacks, rescue and post-event management. This work studies the tracking control problem of a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with input saturation nonlinearity. Under the framework of dynamic surface control design, RBF neural networks are introduced to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics. In order to address the impact of input saturation nonlinearity in the system, an auxiliary control system is constructed, and by introducing a class of first-order low-pass filters, the problems of large computation and computational explosion caused by repeated differentiation are effectively solved. In response to unknown parameters, corresponding adaptive updating control laws are designed. The goals of this paper are towards access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, promotion of inclusive and sustainable urbanization and participation, implementation of sustainable and disaster-resilient buildings, sustainable human settlement planning and manage. Simulation results of linear and nonlinear structures show that the proposed method is able to identify structural parameters and their changes due to damage and unknown excitations. Therefore, the goal is believed to achieved in the near future by the ongoing development of AI and control theory.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.165-198
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• 2014

The national R&D performance evaluation system in Korea has been influenced by 'New Public Management' since the 1980s. The 1997 IMF crisis in Korea has necessitated the overhaul of S&T policy strategies in Korea. Reflecting this, effective distribution and utilization of S&T investment and resources has emerged as a crucial policy agenda, while expansionary investment in S&T maintained. During the period of 1999-2005, the R&D evaluation has been more focused on the input side and execution processes than on the results of R&D. Evaluation results were to be reflected in the budgeting of national R&D, but there were some disputes over how to make use of evaluation results between the budgeting ministry and the evaluation agency partly because they were two separate entities. After the advent of the new government(1998-2003) which advocated 'science and technology-oriented society', the national R&D evaluation system has evolved through a new legislation, the Performance Assessment Act, and the establishment of Science & Technology Innovation Agency to build up the unique framework for national R&D evaluation differentiated from the assessment system for general government investment programs. Most recently, due to 'Comprehensive Improvement Plan' in 2013, various components of national R&D evaluation seem to move on a new evolutionary track. For example, different types of evaluation are being developed and tried in accordance with differing evaluation goals, and the individual ministries and the research councils has got more enhanced autonomy and responsibility regarding R&D evaluation. So-called 'tailored' evaluation methods, taking into consideration the characteristics of programs and institutes / organizations to be evaluated, are now being tried. Competences of evaluation experts and agencies has also to be improved and strengthened.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 1995

The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore $6^{th}$ graders learning progression for lunar phase change focusing astronomical systems thinking. By analyzing the results of previous studies, we developed the constructed-response items, set up the hypothetical learning progressions, and developed the item analysis framework based on the hypothetical learning progressions. Before and after the instruction on the lunar phase change, we collected test data using the constructed-response items. The results of the assessment were used to validate the hypothetical learning progression. Through this, we were able to explore the learning progression of the earth-moon system in a bottom-up. As a result of the study, elementary students seemed to have difficulty in the transformation between the earth-based perspective and the space-based perspective. In addition, based on the elementary school students' learning progression on lunar phase change, we concluded that the concept of the lunar phase change was a bit difficult for elementary students to learn in elementary science curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.99-115
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose for this study was to identify the present state of Clinical Nurses with Expanded Role (CNERs) and provide basic data to refine the roles of CNERs. In this study, CNREs refers to nurses who perform techniques traditionally done by doctors and use titles such as clinical nursing specialist, educator with consultation, research assistant, coordinator, physician assistant and special examiner. Method: This study was conducted from September 1 to November 12, 2007. Data from 684 nurses from 38 hospitals who responded to the questionnaire were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the SPSS 14.0 program. Results: The mean percentage of time spent was, for direct practice, 41.1%, for education and counseling, 22.8%, for consultation and coordination, 10.4%, for research, 6.8%, for administration, 8.9% and for other activities, 10.0%. The most frequently implemented CNERs, activities included consultation and education for patients and their families, counseling by telephone, history taking, physical examination, reading examination results, psychosocial assessment, managing treatment, input of prescriptions, and writing up patient records, Although not frequently performed, nurses in some fields carried out invasive procedures and prescribed medication and laboratory tests. Conclusion: Although the number of hospital CNERs are rapidly increasing, there is still confusion about the title and framework as well as standards. Furthermore, because some nurses are prescribing medication and laboratory tests as well as performing techniques not traditionally done by nurses, there is an absolute need for a legalized system and systematic education system for the safety of patients who are being cared by all CNERs.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.89-101
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• 2011

The International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) initiated by the Thailand Astronomical Society in 2007 is an annual competition for high school students. One of its aim is to enhance the development of international exchange in the field of school education in astronomy and astrophysics. This paper first provides the overview of the IOAA in terms of key regulations based on its statutes, history and current status. Secondly, the published syllabus of the IOAA is used for content analysis according to subject areas regarding the exam questions of the IOAA in theoretical, observational and data analysis parts from 2007 to 2010. Also, a scientific inquiry framework is applied to the same questions for assessment based on scientific inquiry in the cognitive aspect with two sub-classes of scientific knowledge and scientific reasoning. Among a dozen astronomy subject areas listed on the syllabus, the theoretical part of the IOAA makes more frequent use of the Sun, the solar system, properties of stars, and concept of time. In content knowledge, a factor of scientific knowledge, the IOAA questions, especially in the theoretical part have a lesser degree in difficulty than the IAO (International Astronomy Olympiad) exam questions for the same period whose degree in difficulty is comparable to college level. With regard to scientific reasoning, the IOAA questions tend to involve convergent rather than divergent thinking. Lastly, in light of these findings, discussions are given on the outcome of Korean participation in the previous IOAAs and ways to help better in preparing Korean students for future astronomy Olympiads.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.367-375
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• 2005

This study investigated the purpose and role of class evaluation standards and the reason to develop these teaching standards using literature review, survey, classroom observation and teacher interviews. Based on the teachers’opinion, we also investigated who should develop teaching standards and who will benefit most from the standards. In sum, the standards for teaching evaluation should help to form (a) the guidelines for beginners, (b) the directives for specialists, (c) the principles for grasping areas for improvements, and (d) the means for communicating with other communities. In addition, teachers should take responsibility for developing teaching standards as the basis for evaluating their own work and improving their own professional learning to provide quality assurance. The development of subject specific teaching standards is not possible without active participation of teachers as well as other stakeholders in education.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

In order to assess the impact of climate change on irrigation reservoirs, climate exposure (EI), sensitivity (SI), and potential impact (PI) were evaluated for 1,651 reservoirs nationwide. Climate exposure and sensitivity by each reservoir were calculated using data collected from 2011 to 2020 for seven proxy variables (e.g. annual rainfall) and six proxy variables (e.g. irrigation days), respectively. The potential impact was calculated as the weighted sum of climate exposure and sensitivity, and was classified into four levels: 'Low (PI<0.4)', 'Medium (PI<0.6)', 'High (PI<0.8)', and 'Critical (PI≥0.8)'. The result showed that both the climate exposure index and the sensitivity index were on average high in Daegu and Gyeongbuk with high temperature and low rainfall. About 79.8% of irrigation reservoirs in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, and Ulsan with high climate exposure and sensitivity resulted in a 'High' level of potential impact. On the contrary, 64.5% of the study reservoirs in Gyeongnam and Gangwon showed 'Low' in potential impact. In further studies, it is required to reorganize the proxy variables and the weights in accordance with practical alternatives for improving adaptive capacity to drought, and it is expected to contribute to establishing a framework for vulnerability assessment of an irrigation reservoir.